Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors.
Int J Mol Sci
; 21(12)2020 Jun 24.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-32599754
ABSTRACT
Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increasing stress and age-related deterioration in the functioning of these mechanisms result in damage accumulation, overcoming the functional threshold. This leads to aging and the development of age-related diseases. There are several ways to counteract these changes 1) prevention of DNA damage through stimulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems, as well as transition metal chelation; 2) regulation of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, non-coding RNA activity and prevention of nuclear architecture alterations; 3) improving DNA damage response and repair; 4) selective removal of damaged non-functional and senescent cells. In the article, we have reviewed data about the effects of various trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, and other phytochemicals, as well as a number of synthetic pharmacological substances in these ways. Most of the compounds demonstrate the geroprotective potential and increase the lifespan in model organisms. However, their genome-protecting effects are non-selective and often are conditioned by hormesis. Consequently, the development of selective drugs targeting genome protection is an advanced direction.
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Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Métodos Terapêuticos e Terapias MTCI:
Terapias_biologicas
/
Aromoterapia
Assunto principal:
Envelhecimento
/
Preparações Farmacêuticas
/
Genoma
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Substâncias Protetoras
/
Instabilidade Genômica
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Int J Mol Sci
Ano de publicação:
2020
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Federação Russa