Tumor cell membrane-derived nano-Trojan horses encapsulating phototherapy and chemotherapy are accepted by homologous tumor cells.

ABSTRACT

Tumor cell membrane-derived nanostructures targeting homologous tumors are promising biomimetic drugs. Herein, curcumin (Cur) and chlorin e6 (Ce6) were co-loaded into PLGA nanoparticles (NPs), and then the NPs were coated with MCF-7 cell membranes (MCNPs). Cell membrane coating sharply increased the uptake of MCNPs by homologous cells, as compared to that with naked NPs. The NPs co-loaded with Cur and Ce6 (Cur/Ce6-NPs) showed a stronger proliferation-inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cells than the NP groups loaded with Cur and Ce6 alone. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis rates of MCF-7 cells in the Cur/Ce6-MCNPs group were significantly higher than those in the uncoated Cur/Ce6-NPs group. Both Cur/Ce6-NPs and Cur/Ce6-MCNPs significantly inhibited the migration of MCF-7cells, although Cur/Ce6-MCNPs showed a stronger effect. Compared to that of Cur/Ce6-NPs, the elimination of Cur/Ce6-MCNPs was both decreased and retarded, prolonging their in vivo systemic circulation and resulting in improved bioavailability. After intravenous administration for 24 h, the fluorescence intensity of drugs in the liver and spleen of the Cur/Ce6-MCNPs group was significantly weaker than that in the Cur/Ce6-NPs group, but that in tumor tissue was enhanced. Further, Cur/Ce6-MCNPs treatment achieved significantly better tumor-suppressive effects in vivo than Cur/Ce6-NPs, resulting in smaller tumor weights, increased apoptosis rates, and the down regulation of Ki67 protein in the tumor tissue. Thus, the tumor cell membrane-camouflaged nanocomposites have potential for homologous tumor-targeted therapy. Furthermore, photodynamic therapy combined with chemotherapy has promising future prospects.