An experimental study on phytochemical composition and memory enhancing effect of Ginkgo biloba seed extract.
Folia Med (Plovdiv)
; 63(2): 203-212, 2021 Apr 30.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33932010
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION:
The Ginkgo biloba L. tree is considered as one of the oldest species on Earth. It is known as a "living fossil" dating back approximately 200 million years. Both the leaves and seeds of this tree have been used for millennia in traditional Chinese medicine.AIM:
To study the phytochemical profile of Gingko biloba seed extract (GBSE) and its memory enhancing effects. MATERIALS ANDMETHODS:
Liquid chromatography with mass detection (LC-MS) was performed for phytochemical analyses of the extracts. For the in vivo experiments, male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 5 groups (n=8) saline; piracetam; GBSE 50; 100, and 200 mg/kg b.w. Y-maze, T-maze, step-down passive avoidance and novel object recognition test (NORT) were performed. The observed parameters were percentage of spontaneous alternations (% SA), working memory index, latency of reaction and recognition index, respectively. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 19.RESULTS:
LC-MS analysis showed the presence of the flavonoids quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin (as aglycones), the ginkgolides A, B, C, J, and bilobalide. In Y-maze task, the groups treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of GBSE significantly increased the % SA during the memory test compared to saline (p<0.05). In T-maze test, the three experimental groups with GBSE significantly increased the working memory index in comparison with that of the control group (p<0.05). In step-down test, the animals receiving 100 mg/kg b.w. GBSE, notably increased the latency during both retention tests (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). In NORT, only the animals with the middle dose of GBSE ameliorated the recognition index when compared to saline (p<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:
GBSE enhances spatial working memory, recognition memory, and short- and long-term recall in naïve rats due to the synergic effects of detected flavonoids and terpene lactones on brain functions. The brain structures involved are probably the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Medicinas Tradicionais:
Medicinas_tradicionales_de_asia
/
Medicina_china
Assunto principal:
Ginkgo biloba
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Folia Med (Plovdiv)
Ano de publicação:
2021
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Bulgária