Efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of urinary incontinence after prostate surgery: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common complication after prostate surgery. Acupuncture treatment (AT) has been proposed as an alternative therapy for this condition. The purpose of this protocol aims to outline a systematic review and meta-analysis that aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of AT in patients with postprostate surgery UI. METHODS: We will search for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in eight databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, SinoMed and VIP database. Additionally, we will search two clinical trial registration platforms, namely the WHO's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. The search will include articles from the inception of these databases until 30 September 2023. The extracted data will then be imported into the Stata V.15.0 software. Two authors will independently review the literature, collect data and use the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation and the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool to evaluate the risk of bias and the quality of the evidence. Outcomes for RCTs will include at least one of the following: International Consultation Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form, Individualised Care for People with long-term health conditions-Capability measure for Adults, Score of Frequency Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire, Patient Global Impression of Improvement, Visual Analogue Scale, Numeric Rating Scale, 1- hour pad test, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, total efficiency and adverse event. We will use random or fixed effect models to analyse data according to heterogeneity. If significant heterogeneity exists along with sufficient data, we will perform subgroup analyses to identify the source of heterogeneity. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is not required for this study because the data we will extract are from published articles. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022382806.