Formaldehyde-free and durable phosphorus-containing cotton flame retardant with -N=P-(N)3- and reactive ammonium phosphoric acid groups.
Int J Biol Macromol
; 260(Pt 2): 129293, 2024 Mar.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38199543
ABSTRACT
A flame retardant (FR) hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene diethylenetriamine ammonium phosphoric acid (HDAPA) was synthesized. Vertical flammability test and limiting oxygen index (LOI) results showed that cotton samples finished with HDAPA solutions (15 % and 20 %) could pass vertical flame retardancy test, and LOIs reached 30.1 % and 35.4 % even after 50 laundering cycles according to AATCC 61-2013 3A washing standard (3A), performing flame retardancy and washing durability. Meanwhile, Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses suggested that HDAPA was grafted on cotton fibers through -P(=O)-O-C covalent bond. Total heat release (1.98 MJ/m2) and char residue (16.2 %) of HDAPA treated cotton were much lower than those (4.26 MJ/m2, 3.2 %) of untreated cotton. Thermogravimetry results showed HDAPA changed thermal decomposition pathway of cotton fabric, which was further supported by thermogravimetric-Fourier infrared spectrometer results, revealing HDAPA performed a condensed phase flame retardancy mechanism. Scanning electron microscopy implied HDAPA entered amorphous region of cotton fibers to react with cellulose. Mechanical properties of HDAPA treated cotton decreased a little. Although the synthesis process used formaldehyde but no free formaldehyde released. In consequence, the aforementioned results indicated that the introduction of -N=P-(N)3- and -P(=O)(O-NH4+)2 groups to FR was an viable method to improve flame retardancy and durability.
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Ácidos Fosfóricos
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Compostos de Amônio
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Retardadores de Chama
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Int J Biol Macromol
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
China