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INTRODUCTION: As the primary cause of morbidity and mortality among older individuals, cardiovascular disease remains a major concern. Choosing between revascularization and medical management of elderly patients remains controversial. This study aims to evaluate the clinical implications of these treatment approaches in the context of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in octogenarian patients. METHODS: This observational cohort study involved 41 octogenarian patients who were diagnosed with NSTEMI from 2019 to 2021 and were managed by revascularization (with either percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, or both) or conservative medical therapy. All NSTEMI patients were diagnosed based on symptoms, electrocardiographic changes, and cardiac biomarkers. The study compared the short- and long-term outcomes of 13 patients in the revascularization group and 28 in the medical therapy group. RESULTS: Overall, the mean patient age was 84.63 years. Eighteen patients were men (43.9%), and 23 were women (56.1%). The most prevalent disease among the sample was hypertension (34 patients, 82.9%), followed by diabetes mellitus (27 patients, 65.9%) and prior ischemic heart disease (21 patients, 51.2%). Almost all patients in the revascularization-treated group developed complications after the procedure (84.6%), while 46.4% of the patients in the medication-only group developed a complication later on. The revascularization-treated group showed higher mortality rates in both the short- and long-term (23.1% and 38.5%, respectively) compared to the medication-only group, which showed better survival rates numerically in both the short- and long-term (14.3% and 32.1%, respectively). This was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Revascularization treatment in elderly patients with NSTEMI was associated with a higher risk of complications and a higher mortality rate compared with conservative medical management. Patients managed with only medications had a better survival rate in both the short- and long-term.
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Background Undescended testis (UDT) or cryptorchidism is a common pediatric surgical presentation. The accepted time for surgical correction (orchidopexy) is when the patient is aged from six months, and should ideally be completed before one year of age. In Saudi Arabia, the median age at the time of orchidopexy is 25 months, exceeding the recommended surgery time. Objective The objective of the study was to determine the factors that cause delayed presentation of UDT among children in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional, nationwide study targeting the general population of Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted in November 2022 using a validated questionnaire distributed through social media platforms. Results A total of 2360 participants were enrolled. Over half (54.92%) had not heard about UDT. Further, 48.5% of the participants did not know the age of UDT presentation, and 49.1% had no idea about the treatment modality. Moreover, 13.9% had known someone diagnosed with UDT, while 17.68% discovered UDT after more than a year. In addition, 1.5% had previous experience with UDT, and 22.86% were diagnosed after more than a year. There was a significantly high level of knowledge among participants who had experienced UDT. The three most common reasons for delaying the intervention for UDT patients were a lack of community awareness of UDT, parents' ignorance and neglect, and a lack of early screening programs (22.3%, 21.7%, and 19.7%, respectively). Conclusion Our data demonstrated a significant lack of awareness of UDT among the Saudi population since 1296 (54.92%) of the participants had not heard about UDT. The presence of such an awareness gap necessitates cultural education about the topic of UDT by all capable facilities, including medical schools, hospitals, and primary healthcare centers.