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1.
J Am Geriatr Soc ; 72(10): 3171-3178, 2024 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38895937

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The population of people living with dementia (PLwD) continues to grow in Japan where advance care planning (ACP) for PLwD is relatively new. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility and cultural acceptability of a dementia-specific ACP communication skills toolkit for Japanese primary care clinicians. METHODS: We delivered 13 training sessions in primary care clinics across central Japan and conducted a post-training survey to assess whether the toolkit increased confidence in dementia-specific ACP communication skills and the acceptability of the toolkit with the following four statements: (1) The language in the sessions was clear, (2) The sessions took an appropriate amount of time to complete, (3) The design of the sessions was an effective educational method, and (4) The sessions were culturally appropriate for communication with Japanese patients with dementia and their family members. We asked participants to respond using a 5-point Likert scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree. RESULTS: All participants were Japanese and included 80 physicians (mean age 39.8 years), 33 nurses (mean age 45.7 years), and 58 other participants (mean age 42.9 years), who were 30.0%, 87.9%, and 55.2% female, respectively. Most participants practiced in rural settings. In pre- post-comparisons, participant confidence increased in determining capacity, understanding dementia prognosis, goals of care, eliciting surrogates, recommending self-care practices to families, and leading family meetings (all p < 0.001). Most participants strongly agreed or agreed that the toolkit was an effective method (96.9%), took an appropriate amount of time (94.5%), contained clear language (89.8%), and was culturally appropriate (73.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Dementia-specific ACP communication skills toolkit can be delivered in Japan. Japanese primary care clinicians generally felt the dementia-specific ACP toolkit increased their confidence in ACP communication skills and was acceptable. The language, time, and design were well received, though further work is needed to improve the cultural appropriateness of the toolkit.


Asunto(s)
Planificación Anticipada de Atención , Demencia , Atención Primaria de Salud , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Japón , Demencia/terapia , Demencia/etnología , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Comunicación , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Pueblos del Este de Asia
2.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth ; 23(1): 667, 2023 Sep 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37716944

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Preconception care is not widespread in Japan and there is a pressing need to improve the practice. The present study assessed the knowledge and behavior of preconception care among women to seek effective intervention. Our research questions were: 1) How much do women know about preconception care? 2) How much are they practicing preconception care and what are the information sources of their behavior? 3) Do the women's preconception care behavior associated with accurate knowledge? METHODS: The research was conducted in a rural town in central Japan. Using an exploratory sequential mixed methods design, we undertook interviews, developed a survey based on the qualitative results, and then conducted a survey. The interviews explored how preconception care was perceived and practiced in women of childbearing age. The survey was designed to investigate the knowledge of preconception care among women with and without pregnancy experience, their practice behavior of preconception care, and whether the behavior is associated with knowledge. RESULTS: The participants were 13 for the interview and 232 for the survey. They had limited access to preconception care recommendations and advice for specific actions was given by obstetricians and gynecologists after pregnancy. There was a large gap in knowledge about preconception care between parous and nulliparous women, especially about the need for folic acid supplementation. Practices that were manageable in their daily lives, such as cessation of smoking and alcohol, diet, and weight management, were considered common sense. In contrast, recommended practices that require medical attention, such as screening for sexually transmitted diseases and cervical cancer, tended to be less accurately known and practiced. Participants' sources of information about preconception care were the Internet, family and friends and mass media. CONCLUSION: In rural Japan, women of childbearing age lack knowledge about preconception care, especially before their first pregnancy. Primary care providers should try outreach to schools and women's groups in the community, promote information sharing among family and close friends, and utilize information technology to enhance the knowledge and practice of preconception care.


Asunto(s)
Pueblos del Este de Asia , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud , Atención Preconceptiva , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Etanol , Amigos , Número de Embarazos , Japón , Población Rural , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud
3.
BMC Prim Care ; 24(1): 132, 2023 06 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37370035

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Multimorbidity management can be extremely challenging in patients with dementia. This study aimed to elucidate the approaches of primary care physicians in Japan and the United States (US) in managing multimorbidity for patients with dementia and discuss the challenges involved. METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted through one-on-one semi-structured interviews among primary care physicians, 24 each from Japan and Michigan, US. Thematic and content analyses were performed to explore similarities and differences among each country's data. RESULTS: Primary care physicians in Japan and Michigan applied a relaxed adherence to the guidelines for patients' chronic conditions. Common challenges were the suboptimal consultation time, the insufficient number or ability of care-coordinating professionals, patients' conditions such as difficulties with self-management, living alone, behavioral issues, and refusal of care support. Unique challenges in Japan were free-access medical systems and not being sure about the patients' will in end-of-life care. In Michigan, physicians faced challenges in distance and lack of transportation between clinics and patients' homes and in cases where patients lacked the financial ability to acquire good care. CONCLUSIONS: To improve the quality of care for patients with multimorbidity and dementia, physicians would benefit from optimal time and compensation allocated for this patient group, guidelines for chronic conditions to include information regarding changing priority for older adults with dementia, and the close collaboration of medical and social care and community resources with support of skilled care-coordinating professionals.


Asunto(s)
Demencia , Médicos de Atención Primaria , Humanos , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Anciano , Multimorbilidad , Japón/epidemiología , Michigan , Enfermedad Crónica , Demencia/epidemiología , Demencia/terapia
4.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36141747

RESUMEN

Intergenerational theater activities have been recently employed in recreation for older adults. We held a series of four intergenerational theater workshops in two older adults' care facilities in Japan and sought the experiences of older participants, younger participants, and the facility managers. With a qualitatively driven mixed-methods multiple-case study design, we obtained data from field observation, interviews with participants, and preworkshop and postworkshop changes on a well-being scale (Ikigai-9) among older participants, and the results of the two sites were compared. "Immediate effects" were seen in older adults because they responded actively and demonstrated surprising faculties during the workshop. Facility staff members and younger participants received "extended effects" because they gained new ideas regarding the remaining skills of older participants and a sense of reuniting with old neighbors through the exercise. In the Ikigai-9 scale, the items measuring "present happiness" significantly improved at Site 1 but not at Site 2. Better results at Site 1 might have been caused by the lower care needs of participants and the inclusion of children. Less support from facility staff members during the activities also might have promoted the voluntary participation of older adults. Involving children and engaging the facility staff in preparation could enhance the quality of activities.


Asunto(s)
Felicidad , Proyectos de Investigación , Anciano , Niño , Humanos , Japón
6.
BMC Fam Pract ; 20(1): 69, 2019 05 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31122197

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The number of dementia patients in Japan is projected to reach seven million by 2025. While modern ethicists have largely reached the conclusion that full disclosure of dementia serves the best interest of patient, the implications of disclosure of a dementia diagnosis remains an underexplored area of research in Japan. The purpose of this study was to explore primary care physicians' perspectives relative to the practice of disclosure of the dementia diagnosis. METHODS: In this qualitatively driven mixed methods project, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 primary care physicians using purposeful sampling to identify rural and urban representation. All interview recordings were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. The research team iteratively conducted discussions of the concepts as they emerged until reaching thematic saturation. The summary was distributed to the participants for member checking and we incorporated their feedback into the final analysis. RESULTS: Of 24 participants, 12 practice in rural areas and 12 practice in urban/suburban areas. Participants' attitudes varied in whether or not to disclose dementia diagnosis to the patients, and in the level of clarity of the name and the prognosis of the disease. Participants who were more comfortable in practicing disclosure were communicating collectively to the patients and their family members and those who were less comfortable practicing disclosure were concerned about patients' feelings and had negative perceptions given the insidious progression of the disease. CONCLUSION: We found substantive individual differences in the approach to disclosure of the diagnosis of dementia and the level of comfort among primary care physicians. More dialogue about this issue and training to equip primary care physicians lacking confidence in their approach may be required.


Asunto(s)
Actitud del Personal de Salud , Demencia/diagnóstico , Revelación , Médicos de Atención Primaria , Comunicación , Femenino , Humanos , Japón , Masculino , Relaciones Médico-Paciente , Investigación Cualitativa
7.
J Biol Chem ; 294(20): 8273-8285, 2019 05 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30952699

RESUMEN

Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) is a highly conserved proton pump responsible for acidification of intracellular organelles and potential drug target. It is a multisubunit complex comprising a cytoplasmic V1 domain responsible for ATP hydrolysis and a membrane-embedded Vo domain that contributes to proton translocation across the membrane. Saccharomyces cerevisiae V-ATPase is composed of 14 subunits, deletion of any one of which results in well-defined growth defects. As the structure of V-ATPase and the function of each subunit have been well-characterized in yeast, this organism has been recognized as a preferred model for studies of V-ATPases. In this study, to assess the functional relatedness of the yeast and human V-ATPase subunits, we investigated whether human V-ATPase subunits can complement calcium- or pH-sensitive growth, acidification of the vacuolar lumen, assembly of the V-ATPase complex, and protein sorting in yeast mutants lacking the equivalent yeast genes. These assessments revealed that 9 of the 13 human V-ATPase subunits can partially or fully complement the function of the corresponding yeast subunits. Importantly, sequence similarity was not necessarily correlated with functional complementation. We also found that besides all Vo domain subunits, the V1 F subunit is required for proper assembly of the Vo domain at the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, the human H subunit fully restored the level of vacuolar acidification, but only partially rescued calcium-sensitive growth, suggesting a specific role of the H subunit in V-ATPase activity. These findings provide important insights into functional homologies between yeast and human V-ATPases.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , ATPasas de Translocación de Protón Vacuolares , Vacuolas , Prueba de Complementación Genética , Humanos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzimología , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , ATPasas de Translocación de Protón Vacuolares/genética , ATPasas de Translocación de Protón Vacuolares/metabolismo , Vacuolas/genética , Vacuolas/metabolismo
8.
Heliyon ; 5(3): e01291, 2019 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30886932

RESUMEN

Fluoroquinolone (FQ) and cephalosporin (CEP) resistance among Enterobacteriaceae has been increasingly reported. FQ resistance occurs primarily through mutations in DNA gyrase (gyrA and gyrB) and topoisomerase IV (parC and parE). CEP resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is mainly due to the production of CTX-M type extended-spectrum ß-lactamases. Although prevalence and mechanisms of FQ and CEP resistance in Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli have been well studied, little is known about Proteus mirabilis in Japan. In this study, we assessed the prevalence and mechanism of FQ resistance in Japanese clinical isolates of P. mirabilis. We collected 5845 P. mirabilis isolates from eight hospitals between 2000 and 2013. Prevalence of FQ resistance was calculated as the annual average percentage of all P. mirabilis isolates. We selected 50 isolates exhibiting susceptibility, intermediate resistance, or resistance to levofloxacin (LVX) and identified amino acid substitutions in GyrA, GyrB, ParC, and ParE. The prevalence of FQ-resistant P. mirabilis gradually increased from 2001 to 2004, reaching 16.6% in 2005, and has remained relatively high (13.3-17.5%) since then. Low-level LVX-resistant strains (MIC, 8-16 mg/L) showed significant changes in GyrB (S464Y or -I, or E466D). High-level LVX-resistant strains (MIC, 32-128 mg/L) displayed significant changes in GyrA (E87K) and ParE (D420N). The highest-level LVX-resistant strains (MIC, ≥ 256 mg/L) presented significant changes in GyrA (E87K or -G), GyrB (S464I or -F), and ParE (D420N). Our findings suggest that substitutions in GyrA (E87) and ParE (D420) have played an important role in the emergence of high-level LVX-resistant P. mirabilis isolates (MIC, ≥ 32 mg/L) in Japan.

9.
J Pediatr Intensive Care ; 7(1): 39-42, 2018 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31073465

RESUMEN

The objective of this study is to ascertain the effect of clinical experience on pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) residents' learning curve for central venous catheter placement in critically ill children. It was a 58-month retrospective observational study. The setting was multivalent PICU with 20 beds at a tertiary children's hospital. The subjects were PICU residents undergoing training in central venous catheter placement. During the study period, 22 residents were enrolled in the study, and 1,157 catheter placement procedures (485 central venous, 605 peripherally inserted central venous, 57 hemodialysis, and 10 "other" types of catheter placement procedures) were analyzed. The total success rate was 82.7%. After ultrasound-guided training simulation in catheter placement, the residents' learning curve for the procedure rose from 71% in the clinical setting at the first trial to 75% at the fourth trial and 80% by the 24th trial. Significant positive correlation was found between procedure success and number of trials with a Spearman coefficient ( p < 0.019). Adequate clinical experiences were necessary for PICU residents to achieve competency in central venous catheter placement in critically ill children.

10.
Pediatr Transplant ; 21(8)2017 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28901029

RESUMEN

Refractory septic shock after LT is a life-threatening complication. VA ECMO is used to treat refractory cardiorespiratory failure. We present herein the case of a 5-year-old girl with post-Kasai biliary atresia, who underwent a living donor LT and suffered refractory septic shock. VA ECMO was indicated due to progressive cardiac deterioration. After full recovery of her EF, she has been steadily improving and has shown good liver function and no neurological sequelae. This is the first report of successful VA ECMO in a post- LT patient with refractory septic shock.


Asunto(s)
Oxigenación por Membrana Extracorpórea/métodos , Trasplante de Hígado , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/terapia , Choque Séptico/terapia , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Choque Séptico/etiología
11.
Gen Comp Endocrinol ; 227: 115-9, 2016 Feb 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26166482

RESUMEN

Starfish gonad-stimulating substance (GSS) is the only known invertebrate peptide hormone responsible for final gamete maturation, rendering it functionally analogous to gonadotropins in vertebrates. Because GSS belongs to the relaxin-like peptide family, we propose renaming for starfish gonadotropic hormone as relaxin-like gonad-stimulating peptide (RGP). This study examined the primary structure and expression regulation of the RGP gene in starfish Asterina pectinifera. RGP consisted of 3896 base pairs (bp) divided over two exons, exon 1 of 208 bp and exon 2 of 2277 bp, and one intron of 1411 bp. Promoter sequences, CAAT and TATA boxes, were present in the 5'-upstream region of the coding DNA sequence of RGP. The transcript was 2485 bases (b) in length. The AAUAAA polyadenylation signal was found in 3'-untranslated region over 2kb away from the stop codon. This showed that only 14% of the RGP mRNA was translated into the peptide, because a size of the open-reading frame was 351 b. Furthermore, an analysis by using real-time quantitative PCR with specific primers for RGP showed that mRNA of RGP was expressed at high levels in the radial nerves. Expression was also observed in the cardiac stomachs, although the level was low, and trace levels were detected in the gonads, pyloric caeca and tube feet. This result suggests that the RGP gene is transcribed mainly in the radial nerves of A. pectinifera.


Asunto(s)
Asterina/metabolismo , Gónadas/metabolismo , Hormonas de Invertebrados/metabolismo , Neuropéptidos/metabolismo , Relaxina/metabolismo , Animales , Asterina/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Hormonas de Invertebrados/genética , Neuropéptidos/genética , Unión Proteica , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Relaxina/genética
13.
Pediatr Int ; 56(6): e79-e81, 2014 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25521988

RESUMEN

Pasteurella multocida, often found as part of the human oral flora and in finger/toenails, also exists in many animals, especially cats, dogs, and pigs. Although rare, pasteurella infection in neonates can cause serious systemic disease, such as meningitis. In this article, a 23-day-old girl presented with decreased appetite and irritability for >2 days. Eighteen days previously her pet cat had jumped onto the left side of her head while she was sleeping. On laboratory data C-reactive protein was high, and on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis leukocyte count was extremely high, with low glucose and high protein. P. multocida grew out of the blood and CSF cultures, and she was successfully treated with antibiotics for 3 weeks. Although pasteurellosis rarely occurs, it can sometimes lead to life-threatening situations, so parents should exercise caution when having pets around their children.


Asunto(s)
Bacteriemia/microbiología , Meningitis Bacterianas/microbiología , Infecciones por Pasteurella/etiología , Pasteurella multocida , Animales , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Bacteriemia/terapia , Gatos , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Meningitis Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Meningitis Bacterianas/terapia , Infecciones por Pasteurella/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Pasteurella/terapia
15.
17.
J Dermatol Sci ; 69(3): 229-35, 2013 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23287391

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes human-type (synonym, Trichophyton interdigitale (anthropophilic)) are major causative pathogens of tinea unguium. For suitable diagnosis and treatment, rapid and accurate identification of etiologic agents in clinical samples using reliable molecular based method is required. OBJECTIVE: For identification of organisms causing tinea unguium, we developed a new real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a pan-fungal primer set and probe, as well as specific primer sets and probes for T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes human-type. METHODS: We designed two sets of primers from the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region of fungal ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and three quadruple fluorescent probes, one for detection wide range pathogenic fungi and two for classification of T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes by specific binding to different sites in the ITS1 region. We investigated the specificity of these primer sets and probes using fungal genomic DNA, and also examined 42 clinical specimens with our real-time PCR. RESULTS: The primers and probes specifically detected T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and a wide range of pathogenic fungi. The causative pathogens were identified in 42 nail and skin samples from 32 patients. The total time required for identification of fungal species in each clinical specimen was about 3h. The copy number of each fungal DNA in the clinical specimens was estimated from the intensity of fluorescence simultaneously. CONCLUSION: This PCR system is one of the most rapid and sensitive methods available for diagnosing dermatophytosis, including tinea unguium and tinea pedis.


Asunto(s)
Colorantes Fluorescentes/farmacología , Onicomicosis/diagnóstico , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/métodos , Tiña del Pie/diagnóstico , Trichophyton/aislamiento & purificación , ADN de Hongos/análisis , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/análisis , Dosificación de Gen , Humanos , Uñas/microbiología , Onicomicosis/microbiología , Piel/microbiología , Tiña del Pie/microbiología
18.
Acta Derm Venereol ; 93(3): 294-300, 2013 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23038099

RESUMEN

Metallic copper has been shown significantly to reduce methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) contamination of the ambient surroundings of the beds of MRSA-carrying patients in dermatology wards. The aim of this study was to determine whether a bed sheet made of copper-coated film will reduce the spread of MRSA contamination in the environment of a heavily-colonized patient. The bacterial count was highest on the bed sheet. MRSA cell counts on the surface of the non-film-coated control sheet were high (6,600-11,000 colony forming units (cfu)), but those on the copper film were considerably lower (20-130 cfu). Use of metallic copper on the bed sheets of patients who are likely to be a source of MRSA contamination may help to prevent the spread of MRSA contamination in hospital wards.


Asunto(s)
Aleaciones , Ropa de Cama y Ropa Blanca , Cobre , Infección Hospitalaria/prevención & control , Dermatología , Contaminación de Equipos/prevención & control , Unidades Hospitalarias , Control de Infecciones/métodos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/prevención & control , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Infección Hospitalaria/transmisión , ADN Bacteriano/aislamiento & purificación , Diseño de Equipo , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/genética , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/patogenicidad , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fenotipo , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/transmisión , Resultado del Tratamiento
19.
J Med Microbiol ; 61(Pt 12): 1727-1735, 2012 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22935848

RESUMEN

Proteus mirabilis is a common cause of urinary tract infection. Wild-type P. mirabilis strains are usually susceptible to penicillins and cephalosporins, but occurrences of P. mirabilis producing extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs) have been recently reported. Here, we surveyed the prevalence of cefotaxime resistance among P. mirabilis strains at seven different hospitals in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, and investigated their molecular epidemiology to explain the mechanism of their spread. The prevalence of cefotaxime resistance among P. mirabilis increased annually, from 10.1 % in 1998 to 23.1 % in 2003, and increased drastically in 2004, exceeding 40 %. We collected 105 consecutive and non-duplicate cefotaxime-resistant P. mirabilis isolates (MIC 16 to >256 µg ml(-1)) from these hospitals from June 2004 to May 2005 and characterized their profile. PCR and sequence analysis revealed that all resistant strains produced exclusively CTX-M-2 ß-lactamase. PFGE analysis identified 47 banding patterns with 83 % or greater similarity. These results indicated that a regional outbreak of P. mirabilis producing CTX-M-2 ß-lactamase has occurred in Japan and suggest that the epidemic spread occurred within and across hospitals and communities by extended clonal strains. Plasmid analysis revealed that 44.8 % of plasmids harboured by bla(CTX-M-2) isolates had common profiles, encoding ISEcp1, IS26 and Int1, and belonged to incompatibility group T. Spread of the resistant isolates in Japan resulted from dissemination of narrow-host-range plasmids of the IncT group encoding bla(CTX-M-2). These findings indicate the rapidly developing problem of treating the species to prevent dissemination of ESBL producers.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Cefotaxima/farmacología , Brotes de Enfermedades , Infecciones por Proteus/epidemiología , Proteus mirabilis/efectos de los fármacos , beta-Lactamasas/metabolismo , Infección Hospitalaria , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Epidemiología Molecular , Plásmidos , Infecciones por Proteus/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Proteus/microbiología , Proteus mirabilis/enzimología , Proteus mirabilis/aislamiento & purificación , beta-Lactamasas/genética
20.
Med Mycol J ; 52(2): 117-27, 2011.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21788723

RESUMEN

The data on visceral mycoses reported in the " Annual of Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan " were analyzed epidemiologically every four years from 1989 to 2005, and in 2007. The frequency rates of visceral mycoses dropped sharply between 1989 (4.5%) and 1994 (3.2%), but by 2001 had risen again and have remained (4.4-4.6%) generally stable since then. The predominant causative agents were Candida and Aspergillus. Although the rate of candidosis showed a gradual decrease, the rate of aspergillosis showed an increase by degrees. Furthermore, the rate of aspergillosis exceeded that of candidosis in 1994, and the difference in the rates between the two conditions apparently further increased until 2001. After 2005, however no changes in this difference were observed. For complicated infections, the incidence of coinfection with Aspergillus and Candida showed a decreasing, and that with Aspergillus and Zygomycetes showed an increasing tendency. Severe infections with Zygomycetes showed a clear increase from 57.4% in 1989 to 88.9% in 2007. Comparing underlying diseases with mycoses in 1989 and 2007, leukemia (including myelodysplastic syndrome) decreased from 26.1% to 18.8% and bacterial infections (including interstitial pneumonia) increased from 11.1% to 22.1%. By age, the highest frequency rate of mycoses was observed in the range of 60-79 years, and the frequency rate of exogenous fungal infections such as aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, zygomycosis and trichosporonosis showed an increasing trend in the less than one-year old group.


Asunto(s)
Aspergilosis/epidemiología , Candidiasis Invasiva/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Aspergilosis/complicaciones , Autopsia , Infecciones Bacterianas/complicaciones , Candidiasis Invasiva/complicaciones , Niño , Preescolar , Coinfección , Humanos , Lactante , Japón/epidemiología , Leucemia/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cigomicosis/complicaciones
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