Quantification of key periodontal pathogens in insulin-dependent type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients with generalized chronic periodontitis.

Periodontitis is a common problem in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), however, differences in the putative periodontal pathogens in subjects with DM compared to non-DM subjects are still inconclusive. The red complex, which includes Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia, encompasses the most important pathogens in adult periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to compare cell numbers of P. gingivalis, T. denticola, T. forsythia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in gingival sulcus of healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis sites of non-diabetes mellitus (NDM), controlled and poorly controlled insulin-dependent DM (CDM and PDM) patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 19 CDM, 19 PDM and 19 NDM patients. Taqman real time-PCR was used to determine bacterial cell number. At subject level, the quantity of red complex bacteria was significantly higher in PDM than those of NDM and positively correlated with HbA1c. At site level (total 342 sites), cell numbers of T. denticola and T. forsythia in healthy sites of CDM and PDM were significantly higher than those of NDM. In gingivitis sites, the numbers of P. gingivalis in CDM and PDM and T. forsythia in PDM were significantly higher than those of NDM while in periodontitis sites, higher quantity of P. gingivalis in PDM was observed. Our study indicated that poor glycemic control is associated with increasing cell numbers of red complex bacteria in subgingival biofilm.

Alanine aminopeptidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV in saliva of chronic periodontitis patients.

BACKGROUND: Alanine aminopeptidase (ALAP) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) are ectopeptidases that play a role in collagen degradation and are thought to be involved in the destruction of periodontal tissue. This study compared the activities of salivary ALAP and DPPIV in patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy subjects. The correlations of enzyme activities with clinical variables and the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis were also evaluated. METHODS: Whole saliva was collected from 30 periodontally healthy subjects, 30 localized chronic periodontitis (LCP) patients, and 30 generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) patients to determine the activities of ALAP and DPPIV. The presence of P. gingivalis in subgingival plaque was detected by polymerase chain reaction. Periodontal clinical assessments included probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing. RESULTS: The activities of DPPIV in the LCP and GCP groups were not significantly different from one another, but both groups had significantly higher enzyme activities than the periodontally healthy group (P = 0.001). DPPIV activity was positively correlated with all clinical parameters and the prevalence of P. gingivalis. The ALAP activities were not significantly different among the three study groups. There was no significant correlation of ALAP activity with any of the clinical and bacterial parameters. CONCLUSION: DPPIV, but not ALAP, activity is associated with periodontitis and the presence of P. gingivalis.