Using cryotherapy, EMLA (eutectic lidocaine/prilocaine) cream, or lidocaine spray to reduce pain during arteriovenous fistula puncture: A randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: In hemodialysis patients, pain associated with needle insertion into an arteriovenous fistula is a physical and psychological problem. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of pre-puncture application of an ice pack, EMLA cream, or lidocaine spray to reduce pain associated with access puncture. METHODS: This was a multicenter study done in nine hemodialysis centers in Iraq. The study utilized a randomized, parallel-group design, in which patients being dialyzed using an arteriovenous access were allocated into one of four groups. Access puncture was preceded by nothing (control group), by use of ice pack cooling at the puncture site, by application of EMLA cream, or by application of lidocaine spray. Pain after access puncture was assessed during a single treatment for each patient. Pain was quantified using a Visual Analogue Scale. FINDINGS: A total of 1548 patients agreed to participate, and 1041 patients were included in the data analysis. Use of an ice pack, EMLA cream, or lidocaine spray each was associated with a lower pain score on access puncture compared with no pretreatment. The mean Visual Analogue Scores in the four groups were: 69.7 ± 15.7 in the controls, 39.8 ± 13.2 in the ice pack group, 45 ± 18.4 in the EMLA group, and 52.9 ± 15.2 in lidocaine group. Ranking of the pain severity scores suggested that ice pack use was associated with the least pain, followed by use of EMLA cream and use of lidocaine spray (severity score ranking, from lowest to highest, being 1.62, 2.18, and 2.63, respectively). DISCUSSION: Application of an ice pack prior to vascular access puncture is a fast and inexpensive technique to limit pain associated with this procedure.

Using unsafe traditional practices by Iraqi mothers to treat newborns' problems.

Background: Unsafe traditional practices are performed in different societies, especially in developing countries, owing to poverty and low levels of education. Traditional practices are usually derived from the relationship between the environment and human attitudes toward nature. Some traditional practices originate from religious beliefs, cultures, or relatives advising new mothers. Objectives: To identify the types of unsafe traditional practices, understand the factors influencing their prevalence, and explore the potential consequences of these practices on newborn health. Methods: This descriptive, correlational study included 200 newborns whose mothers visited primary healthcare centers in Baghdad City. This study was conducted between January 2023 and June 2023. Data were collected from mothers by answering a questionnaire during interviews. The questionnaire consisted of two main parts: sociodemographic characteristics of the mothers and their newborns and 26 questions about traditional practices used to treat health problems in newborns. Results: A high percentage (84%) of Iraqi mothers used unsafe traditional practices to treat their newborns' problems (jaundice, gastrointestinal problems, sleep problems, eye problems, respiratory problems, bathing, and daily care). Conclusion: Many Iraqi mothers prefer to use traditional practices such as herbs, oils, burning, and Sagwa to treat their newborns' health problems. These practices can be harmful to newborns and threaten their lives. Therefore, it is recommended that mothers' awareness of traditional practices be increased.

Healthy lifestyle behaviors and risk of cardiovascular diseases among nursing faculty during COVID-19 Pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular diseases are the first ranked cause of death worldwide. Adhering to health promoting lifestyle behaviors will maintain an individual's cardiovascular health and decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases. METHODS: In this descriptive study, 150 nursing faculty were surveyed via a non-probability (purposive) sampling method to assess their adherence to health promoting lifestyle in order to know the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The Arabic version of Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II) was used to achieve this goal. RESULTS: Seventy-two nursing faculty completed the survey. The results indicated that the study sample had moderate level of health promotion based on Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. CONCLUSION: Nursing faculty are at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases based on their health promoting lifestyle behaviors as they scored low level of "health responsibility", "physical activity", and "stress management ". Encouraging healthy behaviors is recommended to prevent chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases.

Self and public stigma towards mental illnesses and its predictors among university students in 11 Arabic-speaking countries: A multi-site study.

This study aimed to explore self and public stigma towards mental illness and associated factors among university students from 11 Arabic-speaking countries. This cross-sectional study included 4241 university students recruited from Oman, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Syria, Sudan, Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine and Egypt. The participants completed three self-administrative online questionnaires-Demographic Proforma (age, gender, family income, etc.), Peer Mental Health Stigmatization Scale and Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire. There was a significant difference in the average mean between the 11 countries (p < 0.01) based on stigma agreement (self) and stigma awareness (public). The mean stigma agreement towards mental illnesses among university students was 19.7 (SD = 6.0), with the lowest in Lebanon, 15.9 (SD = 5.1) and the highest in UAE, 24.1 (SD = 5.6). The factors associated with stigma agreement included poor knowledge, being male, high family income, age, weak cumulative grade point average (cGPA), mothers with primary education, an unemployed parent, students in scientific colleges and fathers who completed secondary or university degrees. Furthermore, the factors associated with stigma awareness included good knowledge, acceptable cGPA and having a father who has a low income and is illiterate. Stigma towards mental illness varies among university students across Arabic-speaking countries. There is a need to sensitize youngsters to the need for a humanitarian approach in society to individuals affected by mental health concerns. Major governmental reforms must be initiated for the provision of mental health services for individuals with mental illnesses.

Healthy lifestyle behaviors and risk of cardiovascular diseases among nursing faculty during COVID-19 Pandemic / Comportamentos saudáveis e risco de doenças cardiovasculares entre docentes de enfermagem durante a pandemia de COVID-19 / Comportamientos de estilo de vida saludable y riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares entre el profesorado de enfermería durante la pandemia COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: Cardiovascular diseases are the first ranked cause of death worldwide. Adhering to health promoting lifestyle behaviors will maintain an individual's cardiovascular health and decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: In this descriptive study, 150 nursing faculty were surveyed via a non-probability (purposive) sampling method to assess their adherence to health promoting lifestyle in order to know the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The Arabic version of Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II) was used to achieve this goal. Results: Seventy-two nursing faculty completed the survey. The results indicated that the study sample had moderate level of health promotion based on Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. Conclusion: Nursing faculty are at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases based on their health promoting lifestyle behaviors as they scored low level of "health responsibility", "physical activity", and "stress management ". Encouraging healthy behaviors is recommended to prevent chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases.

RESUMO Objetivo: Doenças cardiovasculares são a principal causa de morte no mundo. A adesão a comportamentos que promovam a saúde contribuirá para manter a saúde cardiovascular de um indivíduo e diminuir o risco de doenças cardiovasculares. Método: Neste estudo descritivo, 150 professores de enfermagem foram investigados através de um método de amostragem não probabilístico (intencional) para avaliar sua adesão a um estilo de vida que promova a saúde, a fim de identificar o risco de doenças cardiovasculares. A versão árabe do instrumento Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II) foi utilizada para atingir este objetivo. Resultados: Setenta e dois professores de enfermagem preencheram a pesquisa. Os resultados indicaram que a amostra do estudo tinha um nível moderado de promoção da saúde, com base no instrumento Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. Conclusão: Os professores de enfermagem correm o risco de desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares com base em seus comportamentos de promoção da saúde, uma vez que eles obtiveram baixo nível de responsabilidade com a saúde, atividade física e gerenciamento do estresse. O incentivo de comportamentos saudáveis é recomendado para prevenir doenças crônicas, tais como as doenças cardiovasculares.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la primera causa de muerte en todo el mundo. La adopción de hábitos de vida que promuevan la salud mantendrá la salud cardiovascular del individuo y reducirá el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Métodos: En este estudio descriptivo, se encuestó a 150 profesores de enfermería mediante un método de muestreo no probabilístico (intencional) para evaluar su adhesión a un estilo de vida promotor de la salud con el fin de conocer el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Para ello, se utilizó la versión árabe del Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II). Resultados: Setenta y dos profesores de enfermería completaron la encuesta. Los resultados indicaron que la muestra del estudio tenía un nivel moderado de promoción de la salud basado en el Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. Conclusión: Los profesores de enfermería corren el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades cardiovasculares en función de sus comportamientos de promoción de la salud, ya que obtuvieron una puntuación baja en responsabilidad de salud, actividad física y gestión del estrés. Se recomienda impulsar comportamientos saludables para prevenir enfermedades crónicas como las cardiovasculares.

Development and Initial Validation of Stigma Towards Healthcare Providers Working with COVID-19 Patients Scale (S19-HCPs).

PURPOSE: The S19-HCPs tool evaluates the stigma towards healthcare providers working with patients with COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The psychometric properties of the Arabic and English versions of the S19-HCPs were examined. A survey using the S19-HCPs scale was administered online. Two reliability analyses were used in this study to identify the extent to which S19-HCPs shows consistent results (internal consistency and test-retest reliability). The English version of the scale was piloted on 33 Jordanian and the Arabic version on 27 Iraqi participants. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the English and Arabic S19-HCPs was satisfactory (α = 0.79, 0.74, respectively). Two-week test-retest correlations were all statistically significant (ICC = 0.91, 0.89, respectively). CONCLUSION: The S19-HCPs is psychometrically robust and can be used in research assessing the stigma towards healthcare providers working with patients with COVID-19 in English and Arabic-speaking countries.

Incivility among Arabic-speaking nursing faculty: testing the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of incivility in nursing education-revised.

OBJECTIVES: Civil environment in nursing education enhances achieving learning outcomes. Addressing incivility can be crucial to improve academic achievements. The purpose of this study was examining the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Incivility in Nursing Education-Revised scale regarding nursing faculty. METHODS: This cross-sectional study conducted in five Arab countries using a convenience sampling strategy. Two hundred twenty-five Arab-speaking nursing faculty participated in this study. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the construct validity of the translated Arabic version of the Incivility in Nursing Education-Revised that are related to nursing faculty. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and a coefficient of 0.867 indicated strong scale reliability. CONCLUSION: The Arabic version of the Incivility in Nursing Education-Revised scale that is related to nursing faculty is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to evaluate incivility among Arab-speaking nursing faculty.

Debate as a Teaching Strategy in Nursing.

Debate is a teaching strategy in nursing education that enhances students' critical thinking. Although debate can be an effective teaching strategy, it is not without limitations. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of debate as a teaching strategy in nursing. Also, evaluating debates and choosing topics are highlighted. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2021;52(6):263-265.].

Incivility among nursing faculty: A multi-country study.

BACKGROUND: In nursing programs, incivility can be a main issue affecting future registered nurses, and this may threaten patient safety. Nursing faculty play an important role in this scenario to reduce incivility. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess incivility among nursing faculty in different countries. METHOD: This descriptive (cross-sectional) study was conducted to assess the extent of incivility among nursing faculty by using Incivility in Nursing Education-Revised tool and a non-probability (convenience) sampling method was used. Three hundred ninety-five nursing faculty in 10 countries distributed in four continents participated in this study. RESULTS: The results indicated that levels of incivility among participants in different countries were significantly different. Also, there was a significant difference (F = 9.313, P value = 0.000) among the nursing faculty concerning the behaviours that have been rated as disruptive. Furthermore, there was a significant difference (F = 6.392, P value = 0.000) among participants regarding uncivil behaviours that have occurred during the past 12 months. CONCLUSION: Regular assessments are needed to highlight uncivil behaviours and reduce them by making policies and rules in order to enhance academic achievement in nursing education.

Recitation of quran and music to reduce chemotherapy-induced anxiety among adult patients with cancer: A clinical trial.

AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of listening to music or Quran in reducing cancer patients' anxiety before chemotherapy administration. Reducing anxiety in people with cancer, prior to chemotherapy administration, is a crucial goal in nursing care. DESIGN: An experimental comparative study was conducted. METHODS: A simple randomization sampling method was applied. Two hundred thirty-eight people with cancer who underwent chemotherapy were participated. They are assigned as Quran, music and control groups. RESULTS: The overall score of Arabic State Anxiety Inventory in all groups revealed that there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test among participants. Listening to Quran or music reduced the chemotherapy-induced anxiety. There was no difference between these two ways to reduce anxiety in people with cancer. Listening to Quran or music can be added in nursing care plans prior chemotherapy administrations to reduce cancer patients' anxiety.

Validity and Reliability of the Arabic Version of the Incivility in Nursing Education-Revised Scale.

Background Incivility in nursing education can negatively affect the academic achievement. As there is no tool in Arabic to assess incivility among nursing students, there is a need for a valid and reliable tool. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Incivility in Nursing Education- Revised (INE-R) survey. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted in four universities in Iraq using a convenience sampling strategy. A translated Arabic version of the INE-R was used to assess its validity and reliability. Results Three hundred eighty-nine surveys were included in the analysis. The contrast validity was confirmed by using Exploratory Factor Analysis. The internal consistency was tested using Cronbach's alpha, which showed the result of 0.87. Conclusion The Arabic version of the Incivility in Nursing Education- Revised is a valid and reliable scale. This scale can be used in Arab countries to assess incivility in nursing education.