RESUMEN
In this research work, graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were selected as alternative reinforcing nanofillers to enhance the properties of polypropylene (PP) using different compatibilizers called polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) and ethylene-octene elastomer grafted maleic anhydride (POE-g-MA). A twin screw extruder was used to compound PP, GNP, and either the PP-g-MA or POE-g-MA compatibilizer. The effect of GNP loading on mechanical and thermal properties of neat PP was investigated. Furthermore, the influence and performance of different compatibilizers on the final properties, such as mechanical and thermal, were discussed and reported. Tensile, flexural, impact, melting temperature, crystallization temperature, and thermal stability were evaluated by using a universal testing system, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). For mechanical properties, it was found that increasing GNP content from 1 wt.% to 5 wt.% increased tensile strength of the neat PP up to 4 MPa. The influence of compatibilizers on the mechanical properties had been discussed and reported. For instance, the addition of PP-g-MA compatibilizer improved tensile strength of neat PP with GNP loading. However, the addition of compatibilizer POE-g-MA slightly decreased the tensile strength of neat PP. A similar trend of behavior was observed for flexural strength. For thermal properties, it was found that both GNP loading and compatibilizers have no significant influence on both crystallization and melting temperature of neat PP. For thermal stability, however, it was found that increasing the GNP loading had a significant influence on improving the thermal behavior of neat PP. Furthermore, the addition of compatibilizers into the PP/GNP nanocomposite had slightly improved the thermal stability of neat PP.
Asunto(s)
Actitud hacia los Computadores , Atención Domiciliaria de Salud/psicología , Cuidados para Prolongación de la Vida/psicología , Madres/psicología , Tecnología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estados Unidos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Several studies have reported that metformin is cardioprotective for diabetic and non-diabetic ischemic hearts through mechanisms that cannot be entirely attributed to its anti-hyperglycemic effect. This study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of metformin with and without vitamin E after induction myocardial infarction (MI) in rats, using isoproterenol. Administration of metformin or vitamin E significantly reduced the cardiac mass index (P < 0.01), ameliorated the changes to cardiac biomarkers, and attenuated oxidative stress levels compared to the isoproterenol group. Interestingly, combination therapy showed a slight synergistic effect. Histopathological analysis suggested that metformin treatment reduced NF-κB expression and protected against isoproterenol-induced MI. Our results indicate that metformin mediates a cardioprotective effect against isoproterenol-induced MI via antioxidant activity and modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. This suggests that metformin would be beneficial in MI treatment.
Asunto(s)
Lesiones Cardíacas/inducido químicamente , Lesiones Cardíacas/prevención & control , Isoproterenol/efectos adversos , Metformina/farmacología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Vitamina E/farmacología , Animales , Lesiones Cardíacas/metabolismo , Lesiones Cardíacas/patología , Isoproterenol/farmacología , Masculino , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Two conventional plastic membrane electrodes that are selective for the tetradecyltrimethylammonium cation (TTA) have been prepared. The ion exchangers of these sensors were the ion associate, TTA-PT, and the ion aggregate, TTA-PSS, where PT and PSS are phosphotungstate and polystyrene sulfonate, respectively. The following performance characteristics of the TTA-PT- and TTA-PSS-containing electrodes were found: conditioning time of 30 and 20 min; potential response of 58.2 and 61.1 mV/TTA concentration decade; rectilinear concentration ranges of 2.0 × 10(-5)-5.0 × 10(-2) and 1.5 × 10(-5)-7.9 × 10(-2) mol L(-1); average working pH ranges of 4.0-10.5 and 3.8-10.7; life spans of 20 and 28 weeks, and isothermal temperature coefficients of 4.44 × 10(-4) and 6.10 × 10(-4)V/°C, respectively. Both electrodes exhibited high selectivity for TTA with an increasing number of inorganic and quaternary ammonium surfactant cations. These electrodes have been successfully applied to assay an antiseptic formulation containing TTA. Surface analyses using electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to determine the cause of the limited life span of plastic membrane electrodes.