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INTRODUCTION: The dentistry industry has seen a number of exciting new advancements in recent years, many of which have been made possible by the introduction of automated technologies such as computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). Despite the fact that these new approaches simplify the fabrication process in favor of decreased material consumption and improved time efficiency, it is possible that they may have an effect on the prosthesis's fitness, which in turn may affect how long they will last. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the trueness and fitness of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) crown copings fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM), milling, and conventional casting methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A zirconium die was fabricated and scanned with a laboratory scanner to manufacture the Co-Cr metal copings for three groups (n = 12). In group A, the copings were fabricated by a 3D printing technique called SLM; in group B, the copings were fabricated by the milling technique; and in group C, the copings were fabricated by the conventional lost-wax method. After fabrication, the trueness and the internal fitness of the copings were evaluated using a metrology software program (Geomagic Control X, 3D Systems Inc., Rock Hill, SC). The one-way ANOVA and Tukey's honestly significant difference test were used to statistically analyze the data. RESULTS: The highest root mean square (RMS) value of trueness was for CAD/CAM milling, and the highest mean of horizontal gaps was for the casted (lost-wax technique) group. There were highly significant differences in the mean RMS value of trueness and the mean horizontal gaps between the three groups. CONCLUSION: The fabrication method of Co-Cr crown copings has an effect on the trueness and fitness of the copings.
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INTRODUCTION: From 85348 inmates in England and Wales, over 26,000 incidents of assault and 40,000 of self-harm were reported from within prisons in 2016. This study focuses primarily on burn injuries in prison, determining the predominant aetiology as well as clinical outcomes of these injuries. METHODS: Data was retrieved retrospectively and a case series performed, including all burns referred from regional prisons to our centre from 2007 to 2017 and comprising patient demographics, mechanism of injury, total body surface area affected, management, and outcome. Cost analysis of care was conducted using a previously published framework. RESULTS: 18 cases from three regional prisons were recorded, with 67% from a single prison. Referrals rose exponentially over time, with 44% occurring in 2017. 94% were scald burns, and 56% secondary to assault, primarily through the use of kettles and mostly targeting the face and trunk. The mean TBSA of burn was 2.89% (<1-8%), and 80% received first aid. 72.2% were admitted to hospital for an average of 4 days. All burns were managed nonoperatively with dressings and underwent on average 2 outpatient reviews (1-8). DISCUSSION: The disproportionate spread of referrals across the prisons correlates partly with the respective populations, but may also represent contrasting medical provisions. The recurring method of assault reflects the relative ease of access to hot water as a harmful agent, predominantly presenting with scalds affecting more critical areas, and with concurrent physical trauma in nearly half of cases which presents management challenges. CONCLUSION: Targeted education is recommended to reduce the incidence and ensure adequate management of burns in prison, referrals for which are demonstrably rising. Accordingly, the Burns Outreach team can provide training to in-house prison health staff and review referrals to specialist Burns services, aiming to ensure equitable care while alleviating costs associated with transfer to and management in hospital.