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Newly synthesized vaccines prepared from formalin-killed bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes were investigated in the current study to evaluate the effectiveness of the newly synthesized vaccine as well as their safety by injected intraperitoneal. The study involved several steps 1st step is the preparation of the vaccine followed by the 2nd step: Evaluate the effectiveness and vaccine safety against pathogenic S. pyogenes through 4 different groups including control (Group I). Group II (Bacterial, infected group), Group III (Vaccine), and the Last group was the challenged group after the vaccination (Vacc + Bac). Different Immunological and biochemical parameters were measured in addition to hematological and histopathological examinations. For example, oxidative/antioxidants, inflammatory biomarkers, fragmentation and cell damage, and finally the histopathological study. The current study showed an increase in all oxidative, inflammatory, and cell damage (DNA fragmentation assays), additionally markedly elevation in histopathological cell damage in the infected group (Group II) compared with the control group. The vaccine and challenged after vaccination group (vaccine + Bacteria), showed great improvement in oxidative biomarkers (LPO) and an increase in antioxidants biomarkers (GSH, SOD, GST, DPPH, ABTS, GR and GPx), Also the inflammation and histopathological examination. The newly synthesized vaccine improved the resistance of Oreochromis niloticus and can be used as a preventive therapy agent for pathogenic bacteria S. pyogenes.
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Cíclidos , Hígado , Infecciones Estreptocócicas , Vacunas Estreptocócicas , Streptococcus pyogenes , Vacunación , Animales , Streptococcus pyogenes/inmunología , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/prevención & control , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/inmunología , Cíclidos/inmunología , Cíclidos/microbiología , Hígado/microbiología , Hígado/patología , Hígado/metabolismo , Vacunación/métodos , Vacunas Estreptocócicas/inmunología , Formaldehído , Vacunas de Productos Inactivados/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Peces/prevención & control , Enfermedades de los Peces/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Peces/inmunología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , BiomarcadoresRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Patients on hemodialysis (HD) are prone to various cardiovascular complications. Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D STE) is an innovative technique for early myocardial dysfunction detection, even with normal ejection fraction (EF). OBJECTIVE: We aim to detect left ventricle (LV) dysfunction in regular hemodialysis patients using 2D STE compared to traditional echocardiography. METHODS: The study comprised 30 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), subdivided according to left ventricular mass index (LVMI) into group 1 with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (n=19) and group 2 without LVH (n=11). Another 30 healthy control subjects were recruited as group 3. The EF, average systolic velocity (Sa), and 2D LV strain were taken as measures of LV systolic function. The indicators for diastolic function included the E/A ratio and E velocity/peak early diastolic velocity. RESULTS: Regarding the parameters of LV systolic and diastolic functions assessed by traditional echocardiography, we found no significant difference between groups 1 and 2. However, using 2D STE, we observed significant differences in the average Sa velocity (p=0.025), average LV strain (p=0.03), 2D global longitudinal strain (GLS) (p=0.03), E/Ea (p=0.003), and LV myocardial performance index (MPI) (p=0.006). Also, a significant positive correlation was found between LVMI and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (p<0.01, r=0.63), EF measured by 2D (p=0.034, r=0.39), mitral E/A ratio (p=0.03, r=0.49), and mitral E/Ea (p<0.01, r=0.72). There was a significantly strong negative correlation between LVMI and 2D average LV strain (p=0.034, r=-0.39). CONCLUSION: We concluded that 2D STE is more sensitive than a conventional echo in detecting early LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction even in patients with normal EF.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe the histopathological pattern of different breast lesions among tissue specimens sent to our laboratory. METHOD: A record-based study using a retrospective review of 255 histologically diagnosed breast biopsy reports in the histopathology department of authors from December 2016 to November 2021 was conducted. The specimens were collected from core biopsy, lumpectomy, and mastectomy. All data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY). Then, the findings were presented using text, tables, and charts. RESULT: A total of 255 breast lesions were analyzed in this study. Most of the cases were benign (58.8%), followed by inflammatory lesions (21.6%), and malignant (19.6%). Fibroadenoma was the most prevalent benign lesion (36.7%), and most of the patients (70.9%) were in the age group of 20-39 years old. The most common inflammatory lesion was granulomatous mastitis (56.4%), and most of the cases were diagnosed in the age group of 30-39 years old. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was the most encountered histological type of carcinoma (62%). Of the malignant cases, 52% were diagnosed before the age of 50 years. Among these 50 cases, grade 2 was the most prevalent one (46%). CONCLUSION: Benign breast lesions are more common than malignant breast lesions, and fibroadenoma is the most common benign subtype. Granulomatous mastitis is the most prevalent inflammatory breast lesion. About two-thirds of malignant cases are non-Arab. Invasive ductal carcinoma with no special type (NST) is the most common malignant subtype.
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OBJECTIVES: In melanoma patients with positive pelvic nodes, pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) to achieve fully resected disease status facilitates adjuvant-dose systemic therapy and avoids higher treatment doses with greater toxicity. This study aimed to test the accuracy of prediction of nodal involvement of the 2010 joint BAPRAS/BAD guidance compared with Positron Emission Tomography (CT-PET). METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of 26 melanoma patients undergoing PLND by a single surgeon between July 2012 and July 2020. The indications for performing PLND were in accordance with the 2010 guidance, but this was supplemented by CT-PET in 16/26 patients. RESULTS: Of the 26 patients undergoing PLND, 10 underwent surgery based upon the 2010 criteria alone and 16 underwent supplementary CT-PET. 17 patients had positive nodes on histology; of these, 13 had a positive CT-PET. Amongst node-negative patients, only one had a false positive CT-PET. CT-PET was 100% sensitive for pelvic nodal disease and 75% specific, with a positive predictive value for nodal involvement of 92%. Of the 10 patients who underwent PLND without CT-PET, only 4 had positive nodes while 6 patients had negative nodes. CONCLUSIONS: The 2010 guidelines remain broad and contributed to negative PLND in a third of our patients (9/26). Hence, the indications for performing PLND need to be revisited. Our series supports PET-CT as being 100% sensitive in the identification of pelvic nodal disease and 75% specific. We recommend that a positive PET-CT should be considered as the primary indication for PLND in melanoma patients.
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Melanoma , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Humanos , Melanoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Melanoma/cirugía , Melanoma/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones/métodos , Selección de Paciente , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático/métodos , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Cutáneas/cirugía , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Ganglios Linfáticos/diagnóstico por imagen , Ganglios Linfáticos/cirugía , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
After myocardial infarction in the adult heart the remaining, non-infarcted tissue adapts to compensate the loss of functional tissue. This adaptation requires changes in gene expression networks, which are mostly controlled by transcription regulating proteins. Long non-coding transcripts (lncRNAs) are taking part in fine-tuning such gene programs. We describe and characterize the cardiomyocyte specific lncRNA Sweetheart RNA (Swhtr), an approximately 10 kb long transcript divergently expressed from the cardiac core transcription factor coding gene Nkx2-5. We show that Swhtr is dispensable for normal heart development and function but becomes essential for the tissue adaptation process after myocardial infarction in murine males. Re-expressing Swhtr from an exogenous locus rescues the Swhtr null phenotype. Genes that depend on Swhtr after cardiac stress are significantly occupied and therefore most likely regulated by NKX2-5. The Swhtr transcript interacts with NKX2-5 and disperses upon hypoxic stress in cardiomyocytes, indicating an auxiliary role of Swhtr for NKX2-5 function in tissue adaptation after myocardial injury.
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Lesiones Cardíacas , Infarto del Miocardio , ARN Largo no Codificante , Masculino , Ratones , Animales , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismo , Miocitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Cardiomegalia/genética , Cardiomegalia/metabolismo , Infarto del Miocardio/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Most aquatic biota's reproductive biology and life cycle are essential to the sustainable management and development of coastal ecosystems and aquaculture. The bivalve Paphia textile (Gmelin 1791), also known as Paratapes textilis, has an economic value in Indo-Pacific waters, including the Red Sea and the Suez Canal lakes, the Egyptian coasts. However, P. textile suffers from extensive fishing and exploitation. AIM: The present work aims to study the Paphia textile's reproductive cycle on the Egyptian coasts of the Red Sea for the first time. It helps to manage and develop the coastal ecosystems and aquaculture. METHODOLOGY: Samples were collected monthly from two saline lakes in the Suez Gulf from December 2019 to November 2020. As part of the comprehensive research study, sex ratio, condition index, sexuality, histological analysis of gonads, shell size, and gonad index were used to investigate the reproductive cycle. RESULTS: The results reveal a male-biased sex ratio, possibly due to anthropogenic stressors. The Paphia textile is dioecious. No hermaphrodite cases were observed in the studied specimens. The condition index in winter and spring indicates periods dominated by mature individuals. Five reproductive maturity stages were assigned for both P. textile males and females. Due to the simultaneous development of several developmental stages monthly throughout the sampling year, warm water may be responsible for non-sequential gametogenic cycles. As measured environmental parameters correlate with maturity stages, temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll a play important role in gonad growth. The size at first sexual maturity at which 50% of the Paphia textile population reached maturity ranged from 28.60 to 31.50 mm for females, and between 31.70 and 34.10 mm for males. As the gonad index increases during the ripe stages, this index decreases during the resting, spawning, and spent phases. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest the most suitable temperature for aquaculture spawning is between 20 °C and 30 °C in subtropical waters. Fishing should generally be prohibited at sizes less than 28.60 mm for better management and sustainability of this valuable aquatic resource on the Egyptian coasts of the Red Sea.
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Long non-coding RNAs are a very versatile class of molecules that can have important roles in regulating a cells function, including regulating other genes on the transcriptional level. One of these mechanisms is that RNA can directly interact with DNA thereby recruiting additional components such as proteins to these sites via an RNA:dsDNA triplex formation. We genetically deleted the triplex forming sequence (FendrrBox) from the lncRNA Fendrr in mice and found that this FendrrBox is partially required for Fendrr function in vivo. We found that the loss of the triplex forming site in developing lungs causes a dysregulation of gene programs associated with lung fibrosis. A set of these genes contain a triplex site directly at their promoter and are expressed in lung fibroblasts. We biophysically confirmed the formation of an RNA:dsDNA triplex with target promoters in vitro. We found that Fendrr with the Wnt signalling pathway regulates these genes, implicating that Fendrr synergizes with Wnt signalling in lung fibrosis.
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Fibrosis Pulmonar , ARN Largo no Codificante , Animales , Ratones , Fibrosis , Pulmón/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pulmón/metabolismo , Fibrosis Pulmonar/genética , Fibrosis Pulmonar/metabolismo , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismoRESUMEN
The evolutionary conserved Taurine Upregulated Gene 1 (TUG1) is a ubiquitously expressed gene that is one of the highest expressed genes in human and rodent endothelial cells (ECs). We here show that TUG1 expression decreases significantly in aging mouse carotid artery ECs and human ECs in vitro, indicating a potential role in the aging endothelial vasculature system. We therefore investigated if, and how, TUG1 might function in aging ECs, but despite extensive phenotyping found no alterations in basal EC proliferation, apoptosis, barrier function, migration, mitochondrial function, or monocyte adhesion upon TUG1 silencing in vitro. TUG1 knockdown did slightly and significantly decrease cumulative sprout length upon vascular endothelial growth factor A stimulation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), though TUG1-silenced HUVECs displayed no transcriptome-wide mRNA expression changes explaining this effect. Further, ectopic expression of the highly conserved and recently discovered 153 amino acid protein translated from certain TUG1 transcript isoforms did not alter angiogenic sprouting in vitro. Our data show that, despite a high expression and strong evolutionary conservation of both the TUG1 locus and the protein sequence it encodes, TUG1 does not seem to play a major role in basic endothelial cell function.
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ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Taurina , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular , Envejecimiento , Aminoácidos , Animales , Apoptosis/genética , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana , Humanos , Ratones , ARN MensajeroRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Many analytical techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, and even traditional spectroscopic and fluorimetric methods, are used for the measurement of Cr(III) ions. These methods are sophisticated and very expensive, so the cheapest and low-cost ion selective electrodes were used. OBJECTIVE: The quantification of Cr(III) ions in various samples of petroleum water using ion selective electrodes was suggested. Nano chromium modified carbon paste sensor (MCPE) and nano chromium modified screen printed sensor (MSPE) based on Schiff base Cr(III) complex are developed. METHOD: The developed nano Cr(III) Schiff base chelate was characterized using elemental, spectroscopic, and thermal analysis techniques. The proposed nano Cr(III) has good properties for antibacterial and antifungal activity. The modified carbon paste and screen-printed sensors were fabricated for determination of Cr(III) ion. RESULTS: The proposed MCPE (sensor I) and MSPE (sensor II) obeys Nernstian equation upon incorporating nano Cr(III) ionophore in the paste at 25°C with a trivalent cationic slope of 18.8 ± 0.2 and 20.0 ± 0.4 mV/decade. They have showed fast response time around 8 and 5 s, and they may be used for at least 98 and 240 days without significant changes in MCPE and MSPE potential, respectively. The sensors I and II showed good selectivity for Cr(III) ion toward a wide variety of metal ions or anions as confirmed by potentiometric selectivity coefficients values. The detection and quantification limits were defined alongside the other process validation parameters. The results have been compared well to those obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and the data of F- and t-test indicated no significant difference between the proposed and AAS methods. CONCLUSIONS: These sensors have been used to determine Cr(III) ions in genuine spiked different petroleum well water samples with satisfactory percentage recoveries, low standard, and relative standard deviation values using direct potentiometric and standard addition methods. The proposed method of producing nano Cr(III) complex as a sensor material possesses the distinct advantages of being simple, easily reproducible, appropriate for operation, and highly selective and sensitive. HIGHLIGHTS: Modified carbon paste and screen-printed electrodes were fabricated based on nano Cr(III) complex as ionophore. The electrodes follow Nernstian behavior, and they optimized according to IUPAC recommendation. They showed a high selectivity for Cr(III) ion over many bi- or trivalent metal ions and anions. The results obtained compared well with those obtained using AAS. They successfully applied for determination of Cr(III) in petroleum water samples.
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Cromo , Petróleo , Carbono/química , Cationes , Cromo/análisis , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Electrodos de Iones Selectos , Ionóforos , Bases de Schiff , Agua/químicaRESUMEN
When managing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, radiological imaging complements clinical evaluation and laboratory parameters. We aimed to assess the sensitivity of chest radiography findings in detecting COVID-19, describe those findings, and assess the association of positive chest radiography findings with clinical and laboratory findings. A multicentre, cross-sectional study was conducted involving all primary health care corporation-registered patients (2485 patients) enrolled over a 1-month period during the peak of the 2020 pandemic wave in Qatar. These patients had reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19 and underwent chest radiography within 72 hours of the swab test. A positive result on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was the gold standard for diagnosing COVID-19. The sensitivity of chest radiography was calculated. The airspace opacities were mostly distributed in the peripheral and lower lung zones, and most of the patients had bilateral involvement. Pleural effusion was detected in some cases. The risk of having positive chest X-ray findings increased with age, Southeast Asian nationality, fever, or a history of fever and diarrhoea. Patients with cardiac disease, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease were at a higher risk of having positive chest X-ray findings. There was a statistically significant increase in the mean serum albumin, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, and serum C-reactive protein, hepatic enzymes, and total bilirubin with an increase in the radiographic severity score.
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COVID-19/diagnóstico , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Bilirrubina/sangre , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , COVID-19/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Fiebre , Humanos , Recuento de Leucocitos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Enfermedades no Transmisibles , Pandemias , Derrame Pleural/diagnóstico por imagen , Atención Primaria de Salud , Qatar/epidemiología , Factores Raciales , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Albúmina Sérica , Rayos X , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Gallbladder (GB) polyps are raised lesions from the GB wall and projected into its lumen. The prevalence of GB polyps ranged between 4.3% and 12.3%. The clinical presentation of GB polypoid lesions vary, can be nonspecific and vague, and may be asymptomatic. Identifying malignant and premalignant polyps is important to provide treatment early and prevent cancer spread or development of malignancy. Ultrasonography (US) is the first imaging modality widely used in abdominal imaging. It is a noninvasive, rapid, painless, and safe imaging technique, with no radiation; thus, it is considered the best available examination with good sensitivity and specificity for GB polyps. AIM OF THE WORK: This study aimed to determine the relative frequency of the GB polyps and its risk factors among patients who underwent abdominal US in Primary Health Care Corporation, Qatar. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was quantitative multicenter observational case-control study nested in a cross-sectional design. For the cross-sectional top-level study, the first step was to assess available abdominal ultrasound studies for the presence of GB polyps and stones. The second step was to perform a case-control study with three groups (a case group and two control groups; first, participants without GB stones and GB polyps; second, patients with GB stones but without GB polyps). RESULTS: The study evaluated the GB images of 7156 individuals. The overall prevalence of GB polyps was 7.4% in the study population. Specifically, the overall prevalence of solitary GB polyp was 4.2% and that of multiple GB polyps was 3.2%. Regarding the size distribution of GB polyps in positive cases, 89.4% were < 6 mm, 9.3% were 69 mm, and 1.3% were ≥ 10 mm. Prevalence rate of selected comorbidities were as follows: liver disease, 1.8%; diabetes mellitus, 25.5%; hypertension, 25.5%; and dyslipidemia, 29.8%. The prevalence in male and female patients was 7.7% and 7%, respectively. The prevalence of GB polyps was higher in south-eastern patients (21.4% of positive cases) and was the highest in the overweight group (8.8%). A higher prevalence was noted in the hypertensive group (hypertensive group, 9.8%; non-hypertensive group, 6.6%) and dyslipidemia group (dyslipidemia group, 7.8%; no dyslipidemia group, 7.2%). Moreover, a higher prevalence was noted in hepatitis B surface (HBS)-positive group (15%) than in the HBS-negative group (8.2%) and slightly higher in Helicobacter pylori antigen positive group than in the negative group. CONCLUSION: Abdominal US is an important and commonly used imaging modality in the detection of GB polyps. In this study, the prevalence of GB polyps was approximately 7.4%, with higher prevalence in participants who were overweight and had diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.
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BACKGROUND: Depression is a serious mental health disorder that might affect women in the childbearing period. Incidences increase during pregnancy as well as after delivery. Its association with intimate partner violence (defined as physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner) has been reported in many countries. Data about this sensitive issue are lacking in Egypt. The aim of the study was to determine the relation between intimate partner violence and depression during pregnancy. METHODS: This was a case control study conducted at the outpatient clinics in Suez Canal University hospital, from January 2019 to March 2020. The study included two groups, the study group included women exposed to violence during the current pregnancy and a control one included women with no history of violence. Both groups were recruited according to the predetermined inclusion criteria (women aged 18-45 years, continuous marital relationship, no history of depression in current or previous pregnancies, and singleton pregnancy). Women were asked to complete the Arabic validated NorVold Domestic Abuse Questionnaire (measuring four types of abuse: emotional, physical, sexual, and violence in the health care system, the last one being excluded). Depression was evaluated using the Arabic validated form of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (comprises 10 questions that represent patients' feelings in the last 7 days). The main outcome measure was to assess the association between intimate partner violence and depression. RESULTS: We recruited 158 women in each group. Both groups were matched in their demographic characters. Although emotional violence was reported prominently among women exposed to IPV 87.9% (139/158), it was not significantly reported in depressed women (P value 0.084). Physical and sexual violence were significantly reported among depressed women (P value 0.022 and 0.001, respectively). There was a significant difference between women exposed to violence and those who were not exposed to violence in the total depression scores (13.63 ± 5.47 and 10.65 ± 5.44, respectively with a p value < 0.001). Emotional (p value < 0.001) and sexual violence (mild and severe with p value of 0.026 and 0.002 respectively) had significant roles as risk factors for depression during pregnancy in single regression and after control of other confounders. CONCLUSION: There was a strong association between intimate partner violence and depression during pregnancy.
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Depresión/epidemiología , Violencia de Pareja/psicología , Complicaciones del Embarazo/epidemiología , Mujeres Embarazadas/psicología , Violencia/psicología , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Depresión/psicología , Egipto/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/psicología , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Factores de Riesgo , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate anxiety and depression in pregnant women during this global disease. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study recruiting 120 pregnant women. The study was conducted at the outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital. We recruited women attending for antenatal care. Anxiety was evaluated using an Arabic validated Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (KUAS). Depression was evaluated using a validated Arabic form of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). RESULTS: The study included 48 (40%) nulliparous and 72 (60%) multiparous women. The mean KUAS scores for nulliparous and multiparous women were 45.27±10.78 and 47.28±10.62. Both nulliparous and multiparous women had a fairly high possibility of depression. Fifty-three (44.2%) of them reported scores ≥ of 14. Ninety-three (77.5%) women thought that COVID-19 pandemic would affect their pregnancies. There was a significant association between the number of women reporting fear related to the COVID-19 pandemic and their KUAS and EPDS scores (p-value <0.001 each). CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 affected the mental health of pregnant women to a great extent. Care should be directed to measures that would decrease the impact of this pandemic on vulnerable populations.
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Ansiedad/epidemiología , COVID-19 , Depresión/epidemiología , Complicaciones del Embarazo/psicología , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Egipto/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
In Egypt, using agricultural drainage water is a serious challenge for fish farming, due to water scaristy. Metals could be a potential threat to the quality of the cultured fish. Thus, this study aimed to assess the content of the metals in the cultured fish, their effect on the fish tissues, and the possible human health risk upon their consumption. This accomplished firstly, by determining the levels of essential Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, beside the top three most toxic metals (Cr, Cd, and Pb) in the edible muscles and liver of 200 samples of Oreochromis niloticus cultured at three fish farms, using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results showed the order of abundance: Fe > Zn > Cu ≥ Cr > Mn > Pb > Cd. Levels of Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu in the fish liver were higher than corresponding values of muscles by 3, 3, 5, 9 order of magnitude, respectively. The histopathological examination showed alternations in muscles and liver tissues of fish farms irrigated with drainage water. However, the risk assessment indicated the safe human consumption of cultured fish produced from these fish farms.
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Cíclidos , Metales Pesados , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Animales , Egipto , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Humanos , Metales Pesados/análisis , Metales Pesados/toxicidad , Músculos/química , Medición de Riesgo , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidadRESUMEN
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary fermented extracts sourced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (nucleotides, ß-glucans and MOS) (Hilyses®) on the production and health of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock, as well as on seed survival and performance. The trial was performed in a hatchery along the spawning season and continued in the laboratory to monitor the performance in fry and fingerlings. The broodstock were divided into two groups, (C) fed a basal diet and (H) fed 0.4% Hilyses. Blood and histological parameters, antioxidant power, cortisol level and the expression of some immune-related (TLR-2, IL-1ß and TNF-α) and growth-related genes (MUC-2 and IGF-1) were measured. The obtained seeds were subdivided into four treatments: (C-C) fed a basal diet, (C-H) fed 0.4% Hilyses, (H-C) fed a basal diet and (H-H) fed 0.4% Hilyses. Results revealed that the dietary inclusion of Hilyses in the broodstock increased seed production, survival, hematological parameters, and antioxidant power. Moreover, it improved the intestinal microstructure and upregulated the immune- and growth-related genes. The growth indices of fry and fingerlings were significantly increased in all Hilyses-treated groups (p < 0.05). The performance in the (H-H) group significantly surpassed those of all groups. Therefore, dietary fermented yeast could be used as a strategic solution to sustain tilapia production.
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In recent decades, aquaculture has played a significant role in fulfilling the vast demand for animal protein requirements and consequently in food security. However, environmental contamination and disease prevalence are considered essential challenges for the sector. In this regard, new approaches have been paved in technology to deal effectively with such challenges. Among these, nanotechnology-as a novel and innovative tool-has a broad spectrum of uses and a tremendous potential in aquaculture and seafood preservation. It can provide new technologies for management of drugs as liberation of vaccines and therefore hold the assurance for civilized protection of farmed fish against disease-causing pathogens. This article presents a review of nanotechnology and its applications in aquaculture. Additionally, it gives a brief idea about the fish disease and classical ways of controlling pathogens. On the other hand, this review sheds the light on nanotechnology as a potential novel tool which may possibly enhance the management and the control of disease prevalence. Therefore, the importance of this technology to promote sustainable aquaculture has also been highlighted. Focusing on the role of selenium nanoparticles as an efficient element is discussed also in this article.
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AIMS: We aimed to prospectively evaluate the prognostic value of seminal anti-sperm antibodies (ASA) screening in couples prepared for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). METHODS: A prospective comparative study was conducted, including 184 non-azoospermic infertile men scheduled for ICSI. For each patient, detection of ASA in seminal plasma using the ELISA technique was done and its relation to standard semen parameters and ICSI outcomes, including fertilization, embryo development, and pregnancy rates, was analyzed. RESULTS: Sperm count, motility, and morphology were negatively affected by existence of seminal ASA (p = 0.012, 0.006, and 0.011, respectively). However, no statistically significant difference was detected between patients with positive and negative seminal ASA regarding the median values of fertilization (56.3% versus 66.7%, p = 0.091), percentage of couples with grade A embryo development (91.4% versus 89.9%, p = 0.520), and pregnancy rates (31.4% versus 32.2%, p = 0.98) after ICSI. CONCLUSION: ICSI seems able to overcome the problem of ASA in semen. The routine screening of ASA in men prepared for ICSI has no additional prognostic value and cannot be recommended for the time being, until more specific antigen-concerned testing can be developed.
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New selective and sensitive electrochemical sensors were designed based on the deposition of a promising ion imprinted polymer (IIP) on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the detection and monitoring of Cd(ii) in different real samples. Herein, a highly selective Cd-imprinted polymer was successfully synthesized using a novel heterocyclic compound based on the benzo[f]chromene scaffold that acted as a complexing agent and a functional monomer in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile (initiator) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (cross-linker). The characterization of the synthesized chelating agent and IIP was performed using FT-IR, SEM, 1H-NMR, EIMS, and EDX analyses. After that, the voltammetric sensor was manufactured by introducing graphene oxide (GO) on the surface of GCE; then, the IIP was grown by a drop coating technique. The electrochemical characterization of the voltammetric sensor (IIP/GO@GCE) was performed by CV and EIS. For comparison, the potentiometric sensor was also prepared by embedding IIP in plasticized polyvinyl chloride and depositing it as one layer on the GCE surface. Anodic stripping voltammetry was used to construct the calibration graph; the IIP/GO@GCE exhibited a wider detection range (4.2 × 10-12-5.6 × 10-3 mol L-1) and extremely low detection limit (7 × 10-14 mol L-1) for Cd(ii). Meanwhile, the potentiometric sensor showed a linear calibration curve for Cd(ii) over a concentration range from 7.3 × 10-8 mol L-1 to 2.4 × 10-3 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 6.3 × 10-10 mol L-1. Furthermore, both sensors offered outstanding selectivity for Cd(ii) over a wide assortment of other common ions, high reproducibility, and excellent stability.
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A carbon paste sensor (CPE) and screen-printed sensor (SPE) for Ce(iii)-selective determination were prepared using a 2,6-pyridine dicarbomethine-triethylene tetraamine macrocyclic Schiff base ligand (PDCTETA) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as good sensing materials. With respect to most common cations, such as alkali, alkaline earth, transition, and heavy metal ions, the electrodes display high selectivity for the Ce(iii) ion. The sensors respond to Ce(iii) ions in a linear range of 1 × 10-7 to 1 × 10-1 and 1 × 10-8 to 1 × 10-1 mol L-1 with a slope of 18.96 ± 0.73 and 19.63 ± 0.51 mV per decade change in concentration with a detection limit of 1.10 × 10-8 and 5.24 × 10-9 mol L-1 for CPE (sensor IV) and SPE (sensor VIII), respectively. The sensors were found to have a lifetime of 102 and 200 days. The suggested electrodes performed well throughout the pH ranges of 3.5-8.0 and 3.0-8.5, with response times of 8 and 6 seconds for sensor IV and sensor VIII, respectively. The sensors have been used to measure Ce(iii) ions in water samples from several petroleum wells. They have also been utilized as indicator electrodes in Ce(iii) ion potentiometric titrations with EDTA. The results were quite similar to those obtained by employing atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).