The annonalide diterpene extracted from Casimirella ampla (Miers) reduces inflammatory and antinociceptive events in general models of inflammation.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The plants of the genus Casimirella ampla (Miers) (C. ampla) are extensively used in folk medicine. For a long time, rural communities have been using extracts from its roots for food and therapeutic purposes. The extract is rich in diterpenoid annonalide (Annona), which has antiophidic, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties. Inflammation is the body's primary defense mechanism against cell damage and invasion by pathogens, which can trigger acute and chronic inflammatory processes. The first line of treatment for this condition consists of the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but these have numerous associated collateral damages, based on scientific knowledge about diterpenoids from C. ampla, as well as their already reported antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. AIMS OF THE STUDY: Evaluate the effect of Annona in classic models of inflammation and pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Animals were pretreated with Annona (0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/kg), or Tween 80 (2%), or indomethacin (Indo) (10 mg/kg) orally in the paw edema tests induced by carrageenan (Cg), serotonin (5-HT), histamine, bradykinin, 48/80 and, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), evaluating microscopic lesion scores, migration of leukocytes to the peritoneal cavity, concentration of myeloperoxide (MPO), malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), abdominal contortion test by acetic acid and formalin test. RESULTS: Treatment with Annona compound at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg was more effective in reducing inflammatory, oxidant and nociceptive parameters, as it reduced paw edema induced by carrageenan, through different mediators and migration of inflammatory cells. Furthermore, it worked by reducing the concentration of MPO, MDA, preserving GSH levels and reducing nociception caused by formalin and acetic acid.

Perspectives of Implementation of Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation: From Neurological to Psychiatric Disorders.

BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a highly efficient, evidence-based therapy to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life in movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia, which is also being applied in several psychiatric disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression, when they are otherwise resistant to therapy. SUMMARY: At present, DBS is clinically applied in the so-called open-loop approach, with fixed stimulation parameters, irrespective of the patients' clinical state(s). This approach ignores the brain states or feedback from the central nervous system or peripheral recordings, thus potentially limiting its efficacy and inducing side effects by stimulation of the targeted networks below or above the therapeutic level. KEY MESSAGES: The currently emerging closed-loop (CL) approaches are designed to adapt stimulation parameters to the electrophysiological surrogates of disease symptoms and states. CL-DBS paves the way for adaptive personalized DBS protocols. This review elaborates on the perspectives of the CL technology and discusses its opportunities as well as its potential pitfalls for both clinical and research use in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Evaluation of Mandibular Bone Microstructure in CT Scans of People with Sickle Cell Disease.

OBJECTIVE: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common inherited disease, and is characterized by a genetic modification that determines the production of a hemoglobin with altered morphology. This anatomical change of hemoglobin leads to vaso-occlusive disorders and premature hemolysis of the cell, causing chronic anemia and bone marrow hyperplasia due to increased hematopoietic demand. As a consequence, several skeletal changes are reported in the skull, spine, ribs, pelvis, femur, and metatarsals. In the craniofacial region, dentofacial deformities are described, especially maxillary protrusion. However, studies evaluating bone microarchitecture are scarce. The aim of this study is to evaluate the mandibular bone microstructure of people with SCD on computed tomography (CT) scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Morphometric parameters were analyzed on CT scans of the mandible of people with SCD and people without this disease or any other disease affecting bone metabolism, matched for sex and age. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The results were compared by Student's t-test for paired samples and for an error probability of 5%. RESULTS: This study demonstrated that the mandibular bone of people with SCD presents significantly less number, connectivity and thickness of bone trabeculae, as well as having a lower fractal dimension and greater porosity. CONCLUSION: Mandibular bone of people with SCD has lower bone density and more widely spaced trabeculae.

The potential exploitation of the Malay-red apple (Syzygium malaccense) seed as source of a phosphorylated starch.

This work presents the characterization of a novel naturally phosphorylated starch extracted from an unconventional and non-utilized source, the seeds of the stone fruit Syzygium malaccense. The morphology and chemical characteristics of the extracted starch were examined by scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, 1H/13C/31P NMR and 13C-CP/MAS-NMR, HPAEC-PAD chromatography, XRD, DSC, and RVA. The extraction yielded a highly pure starch (95.6 %) with an average granule size of 13 µm. The analysis of the starch components revealed an amylose content of 28.1 % and a predominance (65 %) of B-chains (B1-B3 65 %) in the amylopectin, as shown through HPAEC-PAD chromatography. The X-ray diffractogram was compatible with B-type starch, which was confirmed by the deconvolution of the C1 peak in the 13C-CP/MAS-NMR. X-Ray diffractogram also showed that S. malaccense has 28.5 % of crystallinity. DSC analysis showed values of 82.6 °C and -12.41 J g-1 for Tc and ΔH, respectively, which is compatible with a highly ordered starch granule structure. The values observed for peak (4678 mPa•s), trough (3055 mPa•s), and final viscosity (6526 mPa•s) indicated that S. malaccense may be used as a thickener in hot food.

Construction and validation of nursing diagnoses for premature newborns.

OBJECTIVE: To build and validate nursing diagnoses based on the International Classification of Nursing Practice (ICNP®) for premature newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. METHOD: Methodological study based on the Brazilian method for developing subsets: use of specialized nursing language terms, construction of diagnostic statements and content validation of the statements by 40 specialist nurses. Those with a Content Validity Index (CVI) ≥ 0.80, organized according to Wanda Horta's basic human needs theory, were considered valid. RESULTS: 146 nursing diagnosis statements were constructed and 145 (93.3%) diagnoses were validated, with a predominance of the human need for cutaneous-mucosal integrity. CONCLUSION: The specificity of neonatal care is evident when these diagnoses are presented and validated in order to support nurses in their clinical reasoning and decision-making.

The microstructure of the starch from the underutilized seed of jaboticaba (Plinia cauliflora).

This work presents a starch extracted from jaboticaba seeds. The extraction yielded 22.65 ± 0.63% of a slightly beige powder (a* 1.92 ± 0.03, b* 10.82 ± 0.17 and L* 92.27 ± 0.24). The starch presented low protein content (1.19% ± 0.11) and phenolic compounds (0.58 ± 0.02 GAE. g) as contaminants. The starch granules showed small, smooth, irregular shapes and sizes between 6.1 and 9.6 µm. The starch presented a high content of amylose (34.50%±0.90) and a predominance of intermediate chain length (B1-chains 51%), followed by A-chains (26%) in the amylopectin. The SEC-MALS-DRI showed the starch had a low molecular weight (5.3·106 g·mol-1) and amylose/amylopectin content compatible with a Cc-type starch, confirmed in the X-ray diffractogram. Thermal studies showed a low onset temperature (T0 = 66.4 ± 0.46 °C) and gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH = 9.1 ± 1.19 J g-1) but a high-temperature range (ΔT = 14.1 ± 0.52 °C). The jaboticaba starch proved to be a promising material for food and non-food applications.

Antioxidant and emulsifying properties of a galactose-rich heteropolysaccharide from Plinia cauliflora peels.

In this study functional properties of a galactose-rich heteropolysaccharide (GH) were accessed. The bands of a galactose-rich polysaccharide were found in FTIR spectra, including those from the fingerprint region. GH was characterized as a dark-red material (L* 25.86 ± 0.75, a* 9.46 ± 1.01, b* 0.65 ± 0.14, Chroma 9.48 ± 1.02) with antioxidant activity of 21.5 ± 0.08, 12.1 ± 0.06 and 0.46 ± 0.04 mmol Trolox Eq/mg GH in FRAP, DPPH and ABTS, respectively. GH presented 44.9% of esterification degree and 10.73 ± 0. 01 mg of GAE/g. The production parameters of GH emulsions (GH concentration, time and ultrasound power) were optimized using a 23 Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD). Emulsion droplets presented particle size (d µm) varying from 0.823 ± 0.065 to 1.926 ± 0.151, polydispersity index (PDI) from 0.10 ± 0.05 to 0.40 ± 0.01 and zeta potential from -29.25 ± 3.98 to -33.75 ± 1.77. Finally, the high emulsifying activity (EA) (96.67%) and emulsion stability (ES) (97.44%) allow suggesting that GH is a promising polysaccharide for food applications.

Satisfação, autoconfiança e autoeficácia no uso da simulação clínica: comparação entre acadêmicos e profissionais da saúde / Satisfaction, self-confidence and self-efficacy in the use of clinical simulations: comparisons between health undergraduates and professionals

RESUMO Objetivo analisar os níveis de satisfação, autoconfiança e autoeficácia no uso da simulação clínica entre acadêmicos e profissionais da saúde. Métodos estudo transversal, baseado no Design Science Research Methodology, com 156 profissionais e 149 acadêmicos da área de saúde, que participaram da capacitação para uso de equipamentos de proteção individual na pandemia da COVID-19, mediada por Prática Deliberada em Ciclos Rápidos. Os participantes responderam ao questionário sociolaboral e escalas validadas. Utilizou-se análise descritiva, testes Qui-quadrado e t Student em amostras independentes para análise de dados, considerando-se significativo p<0,05. Resultados verificou-se altos níveis gerais de satisfação (média ± desvio-padrão: 4,72±0,58), autoconfiança (4,44±0,78) e autoeficácia (4,03±1,17) para itens favoráveis). Na comparação, identificou-se diferenças estatísticas significativas em sete itens da escala de satisfação dos estudantes e autoconfiança com aprendizagem, e seis da escala de autoeficácia geral com p<0,05. Conclusão os acadêmicos apresentaram maiores médias relacionadas à satisfação e autoconfiança com aprendizagem, enquanto profissionais apresentaram maiores médias relacionadas à autoeficácia, resultados que corroboram para continuidade de práticas envolvendo simulação clínica, propiciando segurança e qualidade aos procedimentos. Contribuições para a prática os resultados apontam que as atividades contribuíram positivamente, potencializando oportunidades de aprendizagem e vivências práticas, que refletem na excelência das rotinas.

ABSTRACT Objective to analyze the levels of satisfaction, self-confidence, and self-efficacy in clinical simulations among health undergraduates and professionals. Methods cross-sectional study based on Design Science Research Methodology, with 156 health professionals and 149 health undergraduates who participated in an educational session about personal protective equipment use during the COVID-19 pandemic, mediated by Rapid-Cycle Deliberate Practice. Participants responded to a social and work-related questionnaire and to validated scales. For descriptive analysis of independent samples, Chi-squared test and Student's t were used considering p<0.05 as significant. Results we found generally high satisfaction levels (mean ± standard deviation: 4.72±0.58), self-confidence (4.44±0.78), and self-efficacy (4.03±1.17) for favorable items. There were significant statistical differences in seven items in the scale of satisfaction and self-confidence with learning in students, and in six items of the general self-efficacy scale, with p<0.05. Conclusion undergraduates showed higher means of satisfaction and self-confidence with learning, while professionals had higher means of self-efficacy. These results can collaborate for the continuity of clinical simulation practices, increasing procedural safety and quality. Contributions to practice the results show that the activities had a positive contribution, increasing learning opportunities and practical experiences that reflect on the excellence of the routine.

Construction and validation of nursing diagnoses for premature newborns / Construcción y validación de diagnósticos de enfermería para recién nacidos prematuros / Construção e validação de diagnósticos de enfermagem para recém-nascidos prematuros

ABSTRACT Objective: To build and validate nursing diagnoses based on the International Classification of Nursing Practice (ICNP®) for premature newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Method: Methodological study based on the Brazilian method for developing subsets: use of specialized nursing language terms, construction of diagnostic statements and content validation of the statements by 40 specialist nurses. Those with a Content Validity Index (CVI) ≥ 0.80, organized according to Wanda Horta's basic human needs theory, were considered valid. Results: 146 nursing diagnosis statements were constructed and 145 (93.3%) diagnoses were validated, with a predominance of the human need for cutaneous-mucosal integrity. Conclusion: The specificity of neonatal care is evident when these diagnoses are presented and validated in order to support nurses in their clinical reasoning and decision-making.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Construir y validar diagnósticos de enfermería basados en la Clasificación Internacional de la Práctica de Enfermería (CIPE®) para recién nacidos prematuros ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales. Método: Estudio metodológico basado en el método brasileño de elaboración de subconjuntos: utilización de términos del lenguaje enfermero especializado, construcción de enunciados diagnósticos y validación de contenido de los enunciados por 40 enfermeros especialistas. Se consideraron válidos aquellos con Índice de Validez de Contenido (IVC) ≥ 0,80, organizados según las necesidades humanas básicas de Wanda Horta. Resultados: Se construyeron 146 enunciados de diagnóstico de enfermería y se validaron 145 (93,3%) diagnósticos, con predominio de la necesidad humana de integridad cutáneo-mucosa. Conclusión: La especificidad de los cuidados neonatales es evidente desde el momento en que estos diagnósticos son presentados y validados con el objetivo de subsidiar a las enfermeras en su razonamiento clínico y toma de decisiones.

RESUMO Objetivo: Construir e validar diagnósticos de enfermagem fundamentados na Classificação Internacional da Prática de Enfermagem (CIPE®) para recém-nascidos prematuros internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Método: Estudo metodológico sustentado pelo método brasileiro para desenvolvimento de subconjuntos: utilização de termos da linguagem especializada de enfermagem, construção dos enunciados de diagnósticos e validação de conteúdo dos enunciados por 40 enfermeiros especialistas. Foram considerados válidos aqueles com Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) ≥ 0.80, organizados conforme à teoria das necessidades humanas básicas de Wanda Horta. Resultados: Foram construídos 146 enunciados de diagnósticos de enfermagem, e ao final foram validados 145 (93,3%) diagnósticos, com predominância na necessidade humana de integridade cutâneo-mucosa. Conclusão: A especificidade do cuidado neonatal fica evidente a partir do momento em que se apresentam tais diagnósticos, e que são validados com o objetivo de subsidiar o enfermeiro no raciocínio clínico e na tomada de decisão.

Nursing diagnoses of newborns in rooming-in care using ICNP®.

OBJECTIVES: to create nursing diagnosis definitions for newborns in rooming-in care, using the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP). METHODS: methodological study following the steps for the identification and validation of relevant terms to care for clients; cross-mapping of the terms identified with the terms of the ICNP® 2019; elaboration and validation of the nursing diagnostic definitions of ICNP® and later classification according with the Basic Human Needs described by Wanda Horta. RESULTS: from the terms extracted, 168 were validated through specialist consensus, subsidizing the elaboration of 27 diagnosis definitions. CONCLUSIONS: the most common diagnoses for the clients studied were: "Effective Feeding Behaviour", "Effective Urination", "Normal Respiration Rhythm", "Effective Swallowing", "Effective Peripheral Intravenous Access", and "Effective Parent Child Attachment". It was confirmed that the records of psychobiological needs are mainly made by nurses, which were responsible for 23 of the diagnoses in this study.

Terminologia especializada de Enfermagem para recém-nascido prematuro em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal / Specialized Nursing Terminology for Premature Newborns in Neonatal Intensive Care Units

Objetivo: construir uma terminologia da linguagem especializada de enfermagem para recém-nascido prematuro internado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal a partir da CIPE® 2019/2020. Método: estudo descritivo, metodológico, com dados de prontuários de recém-nascidos prematuros e publicações científicas. Realizou-se extração e normalização de termos relevantes e mapeamento cruzado com a CIPE®. Resultados: extraímos 154 termos constantes e 264 não constantes da CIPE®. No eixo Foco encontramos 37% dos termos, 50 constantes e 104 não constantes; Localização 17%, 37 constantes e 36 não constantes; Ação 15%, 30 constantes e 33 não constantes; Meio 13%, 14 constantes e 41 não constantes; Julgamento 10%, oito constantes e 34 não constantes; Tempo 6%, nove constantes e 15 não constantes e Cliente 2%, seis constantes e um não constante. Conclusão: foi construída uma terminologia especializada com base na CIPE®, que deverá passar por validação clínica e apropriação por parte dos enfermeiros para fortalecer a representatividade da clientela neonatal.

Objective: to build a terminology of specialized nursing language for premature newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit based on the CIPE® 2019/2020. Method: descriptive, methodological study, with data from medical records of premature newborns and scientific publications. Extraction and standardization of relevant terms and cross-mapping with the CIPE® were performed Results: 154 constant and 264 non-constant terms were extracted. In the Focus axis, 37% of the terms were found, 50 constant and 104 non-constant; Location (17%), 37 constant and 36 non-constant; Action (15%), 30 constant and 33 non-constant; Means (13%), 14 constant and 41 non-constant; Judgment (10%), 8 constant and 34 non-constant; Time (6%), nine constants and 15 non-constants and Customer (2%), 6 constants and 1 non-constant. Conclusion: a specialized terminology was built based on the CIPE®; however, clinical validation is necessary and nurses must to appropriate this terminology to strengthen the representation of newborns

Perception of the Disclosure of Adverse Events in a Latin American Culture: A National Survey.

Introduction: Adverse events are common and are responsible for a significant burden in the healthcare setting. Such issues can vary according to the local culture and relevant policies. The current literature on the subject primarily addresses Anglo-Saxon cultures; this study focused on understanding the perception of disclosure in a middle-income country in Latin America. Methods: In this descriptive study conducted from June-August, 2021, an online self-administered survey about disclosure practice used a convenience sample of 995 Brazilian healthcare professionals. Results: Based on two different outcomes presented following a hypothetical adverse event (outcome 1: death; outcome 2: no permanent damage), 77.9% of participants fully agree that disclosure should be performed in both scenarios. Although 67.1% claimed that disclosure changes the perception of the institution by those involved, only 8.3% fully agree that there would be a reduction in trust regarding the institution. Despite only 11.5% of participants fully agreeing that disclosure increases the chance of legal action against professionals and institutions, 92.7% fully or partially agree that judicialization was possible in scenario 1, and 72.4% agree it was possible in scenario 2. Of the participants, 64.2% claimed they already faced a "disclosure" situation, and 44.3% fully believe that the person directly involved in the adverse event should participate in the disclosure. Conclusion: In this sample of professionals from a middle-income country in Latin America, the practice of disclosure was considered ethical, and the majority of respondents affirmed that it should always be performed. Nonetheless, this call for transparency collides with participants' perception of a higher risk of legal action when disclosure is performed after a negative outcome situation.

Nursing diagnoses of newborns in rooming-in care using ICNP® / Diagnósticos de enfermería de recién nacidos en alojamiento conjunto utilizando la CIPE® / Diagnósticos de enfermagem de recém-nascidos em alojamento conjunto utilizando a CIPE®

ABSTRACT Objectives: to create nursing diagnosis definitions for newborns in rooming-in care, using the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP). Methods: methodological study following the steps for the identification and validation of relevant terms to care for clients; cross-mapping of the terms identified with the terms of the ICNP® 2019; elaboration and validation of the nursing diagnostic definitions of ICNP® and later classification according with the Basic Human Needs described by Wanda Horta. Results: from the terms extracted, 168 were validated through specialist consensus, subsidizing the elaboration of 27 diagnosis definitions. Conclusions: the most common diagnoses for the clients studied were: "Effective Feeding Behaviour", "Effective Urination", "Normal Respiration Rhythm", "Effective Swallowing", "Effective Peripheral Intravenous Access", and "Effective Parent Child Attachment". It was confirmed that the records of psychobiological needs are mainly made by nurses, which were responsible for 23 of the diagnoses in this study.

RESUMEN Objetivos: construir enunciados diagnósticos de enfermería para recién nacidos internados en alojamiento conjunto, utilizando Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería (CIPE®). Métodos: estudio metodológico siguiendo las etapas de identificación y validación de términos relevantes para el cuidado con la clientela; mapeo cruzado de los términos identificados con los términos de la CIPE® 2019; construcción y validación de los enunciados de diagnósticos de enfermería de la CIPE® y subsecuente clasificación segundo las Necesidades Humanas Básicas descritas por Wanda Horta. Resultados: de los términos extraídos, 168 fueron validados basados en el consenso (100%) entre especialistas, subsidiando la elaboración de 27 enunciados diagnósticos. Conclusiones: los diagnósticos más frecuentes para la clientela estudiada fueron: "Patrón de Ingestión de Alimentos, Eficaz" "Orina, Normal", "Ritmo Respiratorio, Normal", "Deglución, Eficaz, "Acceso Intravenoso Periférico, Eficaz" y "Relación Afectiva Padres-niño, Eficaz", confirmando el predominio del registro de las necesidades psicobiológicas por enfermeros, representadas por 23 diagnósticos del estudio.

RESUMO Objetivos: construir enunciados diagnósticos de enfermagem para recém-nascidos internados no alojamento conjunto, utilizando Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem (CIPE®). Métodos: estudo metodológico seguindo as etapas de identificação e validação de termos relevantes para o cuidado com a clientela; mapeamento cruzado dos termos identificados com os termos da CIPE® 2019; construção e validação dos enunciados de diagnósticos de enfermagem da CIPE® e subsequente classificação segundo as Necessidades Humanas Básicas descritas por Wanda Horta. Resultados: dos termos extraídos, 168 foram validados com base no consenso (100%) entre especialistas, subsidiando a elaboração de 27 enunciados diagnósticos. Conclusões: os diagnósticos mais frequentes para a clientela estudada foram: "Padrão de Ingestão de Alimentos, Eficaz" "Urina, Normal", "Ritmo Respiratório, Normal", "Deglutição, Eficaz, "Acesso Intravenoso Periférico, Eficaz" e "Ligação Afetiva Pais-criança, Eficaz", confirmando o predomínio do registro das necessidades psicobiológicas pelos enfermeiros, representadas por 23 diagnósticos do estudo.

The impact of food addiction behaviours on the treatment of overweight students.

The present study evaluated the association of food addiction (FA), the change of the BMI/age z-score and the consumption of ultra-processed foods in overweight students undergoing a 16-month, multicomponent intervention in the school environment. FA was investigated using the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children, and the dietary assessment was estimated using the semi-quantitative FFQ in overweight 9-11-year-old students (BMI/age z-score ≥ 1) of both sexes at their baseline and after the intervention (n 120). Among the schoolchildren, 33·4 % had FA in at least one of the two assessments. The analysis of mixed-effects models to assess the effect of the intervention and the change of the BMI/age z-score between evaluations showed that the occurrence of FA influenced the maintenance of weight (time#FA, ß = 0·30, 95 % CI 0·05, 0·54, P = 0·016). Weight loss was observed only in individuals who did not present FA (BMI/age z-score = -0·3). When evaluating the effect of the intervention and the dietary variables, we verified a reduction in the consumption of sugary milk-based drinks -71·13 kJ (-17 kcal), P = 0·04 only in non-FA students at the end of the study. FA has been identified as an underlying factor with therapeutic relevance, and an enhanced understanding of FA can open new paths for the prevention and management of obesity.

O ato de cuidar em saúde mental: aspectos alinhados à cultura de segurança do paciente / The act of caring in mental health: aspects aligned to patient safety culture / El acto de cuidar en salud mental: aspectos alineados la cultura de seguridad del paciente

OBJETIVO: analisar o conhecimento sobre o cuidado prestado à pessoa que possui transtorno mental na perspectiva da segurança do paciente. MÉTODO: revisão integrativa da literatura, considerando-se a seguinte questão norteadora: “Como a Política de Segurança do Paciente pode ser incorporada na produção do cuidado às pessoas ou sujeitos em sofrimento psíquico?”. RESULTADOS: foram selecionados 12 artigos em língua inglesa nas bases de dados Scopus e MEDLINE. Predominaram os tipos de estudo revisão da literatura (42%), estudo crítico-reflexivo (17%) e análise de conteúdo (17%). CONCLUSÃO: a segurança do paciente no contexto da saúde mental é mais complexa quando comparada a de outros pacientes. Observa-se maior probabilidade de eventos adversos, violências, barreiras de acesso aos serviços e tratamentos, além de uma assistência de baixa qualidade, tardia e não planejada, tendo, como principal justificativa, o processo estigmatizador. A educação permanente e o cuidado centrado na pessoa são as principais ferramentas de solução desses casos.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the knowledge about the care given to the person who has mental disorder from the perspective of the patient's safety. METHOD: Integrative literature review, considering the following guiding question: “How can the Patient Safety Policy be incorporated into the production of care for people or subjects in psychic suffering?” RESULTS: 12 English language articles were selected from the Scopus and MEDLINE databases. The types of study were: literature review (42%), critical-reflective study (17%) and content analysis (17%). CONCLUSION: patient safety in the context of mental health is more complex when compared to other patients. There is a higher probability of adverse events, violence, barriers to access to services and treatments, as well as low quality, late and unplanned care, having as main justification the stigmatization process. Permanent education and person-centered care are the main tools for solving these cases.

OBJETIVO: analizar el conocimiento sobre el cuidado prestado à la persona que posee trastorno mental en la perspectiva de la seguridad del paciente. MÉTODO: revisión integral de la literatura, considerándose la siguiente cuestión norteadora: cómo se puede incorporar la Política de seguridad del paciente en la producción de atención para personas con problemas psicológicos? RESULTADOS: se seleccionaron 12 artículos en inglés, en las bases de datos SCOPUS y MEDLINE. Predominaron los tipos de estudio Revisión de la literatura (42%), Estudio crítico-reflexivo (17%) y Análisis de contenido (17%). CONCLUSIÓN: la seguridad del paciente en el contexto de la salud mental es más compleja en comparación con otros pacientes, se observa mayor probabilidad de eventos adversos, violencias, barreras de acceso a los servicios y tratamientos, además de una asistencia de baja calidad, tardía y no planificada, teniendo como principal justificación el proceso estigmatizador. La educación permanente y el cuidado centrado en la persona son las principales herramientas de solución de estos casos.

Linear measurement accuracy of CBCT panoramic reconstructions: experimental study with dry human mandibles.

INTRODUCTION: Studies on software accuracy of reformatted panoramic computed tomography (CT) images are scarce. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the software accuracy of reformatted panoramic views from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: Ten dry mandibles were scanned using CBCT with different voxel sizes. Following the reconstruction of panoramic views with three different software, horizontal and vertical linear measurements were performed using the electronic rules of each software. Measurements of the corresponding dry mandibles were taken with a digital caliper and defined as the gold standard. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in linear distances among the dry mandibles and reformatted panoramic CT views. The relative error ranged from 1.3 to 8.0%, depending on the software and voxel size. CONCLUSIONS: The linear measurements on reformatted panoramic views are reliable.

Morphological and physicochemical characterization of starches from underground stems of Trimezia juncifolia collected in different phenological stages.

In this study, starches from underground stems of Trimezia juncifolia were evaluated during dry season (DSS), wet season (WSS) and sprouting (SS). Results evidenced that drought stress did not interfere with the yield, amylose content and degree of polymerization (DP) of amylopectin. However, the extraction yield in SS was 58% lower, being observed and increase of 7.5% in the content of amylose, and 13.5% in DP values for SS amylopectin, with a predominance of A-chains. The amount of total sugar, the starch granules size as well as solubility and swelling properties varied as function of the phenological status. Also, starch granules changed from A-type polymorph in DSS and SS to a CA-type in WSS. Nevertheless, it was observed a crystallinity reduction from 56% in DSS to 37.1% in SS. In addition, thermograms evidenced the presence of amylose-lipid complexes, with endothermic transition temperatures being affected by drought stress and sprouting. Finally, results demonstrate that underground stems from T. juncifolia have adaptative strategies involving changes in the morphological and physicochemical properties of the starch granules.

Bacterial diversity and prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in the oral microbiome.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to describe the oral microbiome diversity and prevalence of ARGs in periodontal health and disease. BACKGROUND: The human oral cavity harbors a complex microbial community known as the oral microbiome. These organisms are regularly exposed to selective pressures, such as the usage of antibiotics, which drive evolution and acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Resistance among oral bacteria jeopardizes not only antibiotic therapy for oral infections, but also extra-oral infections caused by bacterial translocation. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional investigation. Saliva and subgingival plaque samples were collected during a clinical exam. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to assess microbial diversity. Resistance genes were identified through PCR assays. RESULTS: Of the 110 participants, only 22.7% had healthy periodontium, while the majority was diagnosed with gingivitis (55.4%) and chronic periodontitis (21.8%). The composition of the oral microbiota differed from healthy and diseased samples, being Streptococcus spp. and Rothia spp. predominant in periodontal disease. Regarding ARGs, 80 (72.7%) samples were positive for at least one of genes screened, erm being the most frequent variant (58.2%), followed by blaTEM (16.4%), mecA (2.7%), pbp2b and aac(6 ') (1.8%). Neither genes coding resistance to carbapenems nor metronidazole were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that there are no significant differences in terms of taxonomic enrichment between healthy and diseased oral microbiomes. However, samples retrieved from healthy patients had a more diverse microbial community, whereas diseased samples have lower taxonomic diversity. We have also identified clinically relevant ARGs, providing baseline information to guide antibiotic prescription in dentistry.

Changes in Thyroid and Glycemic Status and Food Intake in Children with Excess Weight Who Were Submitted for a Multi-Component School Intervention for 16 Months.

We investigated if children with excess weight who submitted to two types of intervention at school for 16 months showed improvements in thyroid and glycemic function and food intake. Children (8-11 years) with a body mass index-for-age (BMI/A) of ≥1 Z score were divided into two groups: Treatment 1 (n = 73) involved motivation to adopt healthier lifestyle; Treatment 2 (n = 103) involved performing weekly nutritional education, motivational, and physical activities at school. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used. The delta BMI/A were similar after 16 months; Treatment 1 showed higher decrease in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH; median (range)): -0.45 (-3.19 to 2.17) and 0.06 (-4.57 to 1.63) mIU/L, p = 0.001), FreeT3 (-0.46 (-2.92 to 1.54) and -0.15 (-2.46 to 1.38) pmol/L, p = 0.038), and FreeT4 -1.41 (-6.18 to 3.47) and -0.90 (-4.89 to 2.96) pmol/L, p = 0.018), followed by decrease in energy intake (7304 (6806 to 7840) and 8267 (7739 to 8832) kJ, Ptreatment = 0.439, Ptime <0.001, interaction group-time p < 0.001), macronutrients and sugar. A positive correlation between FreeT3 and BMI/A, and a negative correlation with FreeT4 and insulin were found at baseline (r 0.212, p < 0.01; r -0.155, p < 0.01, respectively) and follow-up (r 0.222, p < 0.01; r -0.221, p < 0.01). The decrease in overall diet and particularly sugar intake was accompanied by a greater reduction in TSH and FreeT3 in Treatment 1, demonstrating the impact of dietary intake on thyroid function.

Cuminaldehyde potentiates the antimicrobial actions of ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are important agents of urinary tract infections that can often evolve to severe infections. The rise of antibiotic-resistant strains has driven the search for novel therapies to replace the use or act as adjuvants of antibiotics. In this context, plant-derived compounds have been widely investigated. Cuminaldehyde is suggested as the major antimicrobial compound of the cumin seed essential oil. However, this effect is not fully understood. Herein, we investigated the in silico and in vitro activities of cuminaldehyde, as well as its ability to potentiate ciprofloxacin effects against S. aureus and E. coli. In silico analyses were performed by using different computational tools. The PASS online and SwissADME programmes were used for the prediction of biological activities and oral bioavailability of cuminaldehyde. For analysis of the possible toxic effects and the theoretical pharmacokinetic parameters of the compound, the Osiris, SwissADME and PROTOX programmes were used. Estimations of cuminaldehyde gastrointestinal absorption, blood brain barrier permeability and skin permeation by using SwissADME; and drug likeness and score by using Osiris, were also evaluated The in vitro antimicrobial effects of cuminaldehyde were determined by using microdilution, biofilm formation and time-kill assays. In silico analysis indicated that cuminaldehyde may act as an antimicrobial and as a membrane permeability enhancer. It was suggested to be highly absorbable by the gastrointestinal tract and likely to cross the blood brain barrier. Also, irritative and harmful effects were predicted for cuminaldehyde if swallowed at its LD50. Good oral bioavailability and drug score were also found for this compound. Cuminaldehyde presented antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects against S. aureus and E. coli.. When co-incubated with ciprofloxacin, it enhanced the antibiotic antimicrobial and anti-biofilm actions. We suggest that cuminaldehyde may be useful as an adjuvant therapy to ciprofloxacin in S. aureus and E. coli-induced infections.