Bronchitis, COPD, and pneumonia after viral endemic of patients with leprosy on Sorok Island in South Korea.

Viral respiratory diseases (VRDs) cause lung inflammation and inflammatory cytokine production. We study whether dapsone is responsible for its observed preventive treatment effects of the sustained viral RNA interferon response. Around 2008 and 2012, Korea's Dementia Management Act stipulated drastic changes in the administration of dementia medication by medical staff. Participants were randomized and we compared leprosy patients with VRDs after prescribing dapsone as a standard treatment from 2005 to 2019. Significance was evaluated based on the dapsone-prescribed (+) subgroup and the dapsone-unprescribed (-) subgroup of the VRD diagnosed (+) and VRD undiagnosed (-) subgroup. We analyzed VRD ( +)/(- with dapsone (+)/(-) group and used a T-test, and designed the equation of acetylation with dapsone and acetylcholine (AA) equation. The 6394 VRD participants who received the dapsone intervention compared to the 3255 VRD participants in the control group demonstrated at T2 VRD (+) dapsone (-) (mean (M) = 224.80, SD = 97.50): T3 VRD (-) dapsone (+) (M = 110.87, SD = 103.80), proving that VRD is low when dapsone is taken and high when it is not taken. The t value is 3.10, and the p value is 0.004395 (significant at p < 0.05). After an increase in VRDs peaked in 2009, bronchitis, COPD, and pneumonia surged in 2013. The AA equation was strongly negatively correlated with the prevalence of bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): with bronchitis, r(15) = -0.823189, p = 0.005519, and with COPD, r(15) = -0.8161, p = 0.000207 (significant at p < 0.05). Dapsone treated both bronchitis and COPD. This study provides theoretical clinical data to limit acetylcholine excess during the VRD pandemic for bronchitis, COPD, and pneumonia.

Museum Meanderings XII: E-Museum Jacob Lawrence Paintings and Rehabilitation Medicine.

ABSTRACT: In the April 1930 issue of the journal, Founding Editor-in-Chief William Rush Dunton, Jr, MD, initiated a new series: Museum Meanderings. Eleven installments of the series ran intermittently until December 1931. Here, a 12th installment, an e-museum "tour" of paintings by the great American artist Jacob Lawrence (1917-2000) relevant to rehabilitation medicine, is offered. In particular, his Occupational Therapy No. 1 (1949) is a most thought-provoking and inspiring masterpiece. The painting depicts five women performing various sewing activities with space in the painting brilliantly divided. The painting has been discussed by art critics, but it has not been appreciated that all the women appear actually to be the same person! Thus, the painting shows the stages or cycle of rehabilitation. Echoing Rush Dunton's thoughts in 1930, we invite further contributions to the series.

COVID-19 Molecular Pathophysiology: Acetylation of Repurposing Drugs.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces immune-mediated type 1 interferon (IFN-1) production, the pathophysiology of which involves sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) tetramerization and the cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway. As a result, type I interferonopathies are exacerbated. Aspirin inhibits cGAS-mediated signaling through cGAS acetylation. Acetylation contributes to cGAS activity control and activates IFN-1 production and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling via STING. Aspirin and dapsone inhibit the activation of both IFN-1 and NF-κB by targeting cGAS. We define these as anticatalytic mechanisms. It is necessary to alleviate the pathologic course and take the lag time of the odds of achieving viral clearance by day 7 to coordinate innate or adaptive immune cell reactions.

From the Birth of Occupational Therapy and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation to Randomized Controlled Trials: The American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation: A Centennial Review.

ABSTRACT: The American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation has entered its second century of publication. In this centennial review, we chronicle the evolution of the journal from its origin in 1922 as the Archives of Occupational Therapy to the present. In particular, we focus on the contributions to the journal and the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation by Founding Editor-in-Chief William Rush Dunton, Jr, MD, and the rise of publication of randomized controlled studies in the journal, thus fulfilling Dr Dunton's original vision and dream for the field and the journal.

Treatment of Central Vertigo With Low Dose Olanzapine: Report of Two Cases.

Good treatments are available for many cases of vertigo due to a peripheral cause such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Conversely, vertigo secondary to a central lesion remains a treatment challenge typically without good pharmacologic or other treatments. We have successfully treated two patients, the first to our knowledge, with central vertigo, one from brain injury, one after stroke, with low dose olanzapine which we found to quickly and dramatically resolve vertigo and permit functional normalization. In our two cases, we found that a low dose of olanzapine 2.5mg daily (typical dosing of olanzapine for the psychiatric disease is 5-20mg daily) caused vertigo to rapidly and dramatically remit. Interestingly, our two cases had different causes and possibly lesion locations.

Partial Balint's syndrome and left homonymous hemianopsia presenting after resection of a right occipito-parietal glioblastoma.

A 66-year-old left-handed male was admitted to our acute inpatient rehabilitation (AIR) unit following a resection of the right occipito-parietal glioblastoma. He presented with symptoms of horizontal oculomotor apraxia, contralateral optic ataxia and left homonymous hemianopsia. We diagnosed this patient with partial Bálint's syndrome (BS)- oculomotor apraxia, optic ataxia but not simultanagnosia. BS is typically caused by bilateral posterior parietal lesions, but we here describe a unique case due toresection of a right intracranial tumor. A short AIR stay allowed our patient to learn how to compensate for visuomotor and visuospatial deficits, and improved his quality of life significantly.

Correcting Sherrington's Gait Dysfunction With an Off the Shelf Knee Orthotic.

This professional opinion describes the use of an off the shelf knee orthotic to correct the gait and functional mobility of a patient with hemisensory loss including proprioception following a stroke and provides supporting video. Interestingly, this case corrects a human analogue of a functional deficit found experimentally in monkeys in the 19th century by Mott and Sherrington.

Rehabilitation After Complete Hemisensory Loss: Report of Two Cases.

The role and function that proprioception plays in movement and motor learning have been debated since the 19th century but can be difficult to isolate and study. Lesions at various points along the proprioceptive pathway result in afferent paresis that can be significantly disabling. Compensatory mechanisms can help with successful rehabilitation and provide an opportunity to study the role of these mechanisms in sensory feedback. Here, we present two cases of adult patients with complete hemisensory loss after a stroke: one patient with a cortical stroke and the other one with a thalamic stroke. First, we see that that motor learning can occur without proprioception, with the help of visual feedback. Second, proprioception plays an important role in movement: in the upper limb, it can facilitate individual finger movements, and in the lower limb, it maintains sufficient knee flexion to prevent the knee from going into recurvatum (backward bending) during ambulation.