Diffuse Peritonitis Caused by Splenic Abscess After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Case Report.

A splenic abscess (SA) following sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a rare manifestation of a gastric leak (GL). The clinical findings include fever, abdominal pain, leukocytosis, and an elevated C-reactive protein. A computed tomography scan is diagnostic and can show signs of GL, or diffuse peritonitis. Treatment can either be non-operative (including large-spectrum antibiotics and percutaneous drainage) or surgical (including splenectomy). We present the case of a 41-year-old female patient with SA, with septic shock and diffuse peritonitis, successfully treated with a splenectomy three months post-SG.

Confined Silver Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquid Films.

This work reports the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by sputter deposition in thin films of three different ionic liquids (ILs) with the same anion (bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) and cation (imidazolium), but with different alkyl chain lengths and symmetries in the cationic moiety ([C4C1im][NTf2], [C2C2im][NTf2], and [C5C5im][NTf2]). Ionic liquid (IL) films in the form of microdroplets with different thicknesses (200 to 800 monolayers) were obtained through vacuum thermal evaporation onto glass substrates coated with indium tin oxide (ITO). The sputtering process of the Ag onto the ILs when conducted simultaneously with argon plasma promoted the coalescence of the ILs' droplets and the formation, incorporation, and stabilization of the metallic nanoparticles in the coalesced IL films. The formation/stabilization of the AgNPs in the IL films was confirmed using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. It was found that the IL films with larger thicknesses (600 and 800 monolayers) were better media for the formation of AgNPs. Among the ILs used, [C5C5im][NTf2] was found to be particularly promising for the stabilization of AgNPs. The use of larger IL droplets as capture media was found to promote a better stabilization of the AgNPs, thereby reducing their tendency to aggregate.

A model for training ultrasound-guided fine-needle punctures.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a training program in ultrasound-guided fine needle puncture using a cost-effective model. METHODS: We evaluated the training of 20 resident radiology physicians, based on a theoretical course and a practical simulation part with models that focused on the puncture technique of thyroid nodules. The total time to perform the procedure, the number of punctures on the model surface, and the application of a questionnaire were used to assess the performance and confidence of the resident physicians in performing the procedure. RESULTS: The training model used was easy to reproduce, inexpensive, versatile, and capable of simulating the echotexture of thyroid tissue. There was a significant reduction in the total time needed to perform the procedure with a mean of 173.7 s±91.28 s from R1 and 112.8 s±17.66 s from R2 before the course vs. 19.2 s±112.8 s and 14.3 s±9.36 s, respectively, after the course (p<0.0001); as well as the number of superficial punctures, with a mean of 2.2 punctures±0.92 from R1 and 1.5 punctures±0.32 from R2 before the course vs 1.1 punctures±0.71 and 1.0 puncture±0.0, respectively, after the course (p<0.0001). There was also a subjective improvement in the performance and confidence in performing this procedure. CONCLUSIONS: An inexpensive and easy-to-reproduce gelatin-based model enabled adequate training of resident physicians and proved capable of improving their skills and confidence in simulating the procedure, even with a short period of training.

A model for training ultrasound-guided fine-needle punctures

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a training program in ultrasound-guided fine needle puncture using a cost-effective model. METHODS: We evaluated the training of 20 resident radiology physicians, based on a theoretical course and a practical simulation part with models that focused on the puncture technique of thyroid nodules. The total time to perform the procedure, the number of punctures on the model surface, and the application of a questionnaire were used to assess the performance and confidence of the resident physicians in performing the procedure. RESULTS: The training model used was easy to reproduce, inexpensive, versatile, and capable of simulating the echotexture of thyroid tissue. There was a significant reduction in the total time needed to perform the procedure with a mean of 173.7 s±91.28 s from R1 and 112.8 s±17.66 s from R2 before the course vs. 19.2 s±112.8 s and 14.3 s±9.36 s, respectively, after the course (p<0.0001); as well as the number of superficial punctures, with a mean of 2.2 punctures±0.92 from R1 and 1.5 punctures±0.32 from R2 before the course vs 1.1 punctures±0.71 and 1.0 puncture±0.0, respectively, after the course (p<0.0001). There was also a subjective improvement in the performance and confidence in performing this procedure. CONCLUSIONS: An inexpensive and easy-to-reproduce gelatin-based model enabled adequate training of resident physicians and proved capable of improving their skills and confidence in simulating the procedure, even with a short period of training.

The impact of the cation alkyl chain length on the wettability of alkylimidazolium-based ionic liquids at the nanoscale.

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely used for energy storage and conversion devices due to their negligible vapor pressure, high thermal stability, and outstanding interfacial properties. Notably, the interfacial nanostructure and the wettability of thin ionic liquid films on solid surfaces are of utmost relevance in nanosurface science and technology. Herein, a reproducible physical vapor deposition methodology was used to fabricate thin films of four alkylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ILs. The effect of the cation alkyl chain length on the wettability of ILs was explored on different surfaces: gold (Au); silver (Ag); indium-tin oxide (ITO). High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to evaluate the morphology of the produced micro- and nanodroplets and films. SEM and AFM results revealed an island growth for all the ILs deposited on ITO and Ag surfaces, with a lower minimum free area to promote nucleation (MFAN) in Ag and higher wettability for ILs having larger non-polar domains. The low wettability of ITO by the studied ILs was highlighted. For long-chain ILs, nucleation and growth mechanisms were strongly conditioned by coalescence processes. The results also supported the higher affinity of the ILs to the Au surface. The increase in the length of the cation alkyl chain was found to promote a better film adhesion inducing a 2D growth and higher wetting ability.

Does the change of direction deficit measure the time of change of direction?

Abstract Aim: To determine whether the change of direction (COD) deficit can represent the time of the change of direction in professional under 17 years old (U-17) soccer players. Methods: Sixteen young soccer athletes performed the adapted 505 agility test with the stationary stance (2 straight lines of 5 m) and the 10 m linear running test (LR). In both tests, the partial and total times were recorded every 2.5 m by time gates (0-2.5 m; 2.5-7.5 m; 7.5-10 m). The best performances were recorded and used to determine the COD deficit (difference between the time for the LR and 505 tests). The paired t-test compared the initial acceleration (0-2.5 m) time, the COD time (2.5-7.5 m), and the COD deficit among the tests. Results: Times in the LR test were significantly shorter in the initial acceleration phase (0-2.5 m), and the change of direction deficit was also lower than the change of direction time (2.5-7.5 m) for both sides (p = 0.005). Conclusion: When an athlete is aware of an upcoming change of direction, a lower initial acceleration results in biases for determining the change of direction deficit. Therefore, acceleration capacity might not be suitable to assess using the 505 agility test.

Milk lymphocyte profile and macrophage functions: new insights into the immunity of the mammary gland in quarters infected with Corynebacterium bovis.

BACKGROUNDS: The present study explored the viability of bovine milk macrophages, their intracellular production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), and their phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the profile of lymphocytes, from healthy udder quarters and udder quarters infected by Corynebacterium bovis. The study included 28 healthy udder quarters from 12 dairy cows and 20 udder quarters infected by C. bovis from 10 dairy cows. The percentages of macrophages and lymphocytes were identified by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. Macrophage viability, RONS production, and S. aureus phagocytosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Milk samples from quarters infected with C. bovis showed a lower percentage of macrophages but an increased number of milk macrophages per mL and a higher percentage of macrophages that produced intracellular RONS and phagocytosed S. aureus. No effect of C. bovis infection on macrophage viability was found. Udder quarters infected by C. bovis showed a higher percentage of T cells and CD4+ T lymphocytes, but no effect was found on the percentage of CD8+ CD4- T, CD8- CD4- T, or B lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, our results corroborate, at least in part, the finding that intramammary infections by C. bovis may offer protection against intramammary infections by major pathogens.

Milk Macrophage Function in Bovine Leukemia Virus-Infected Dairy Cows.

The implications of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) on innate and adaptive immune responses have been widely investigated; however, the effects of BLV on mammary gland immunity require further investigation. The present study investigated the viability, phagocytic capacity, and intracellular production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) by macrophages in milk samples from dairy cows naturally infected with BLV with or without persistent lymphocytosis (PL). No effect of BLV infection in the overall number of macrophages per milliliter and in the percentage of viable macrophages among overall milk viable cells was found. Furthermore, BLV-infected dairy cows had a higher frequency of viable milk macrophages, while healthy animals had a tendency toward a higher percentage of apoptotic milk macrophages. The percentage of milk macrophages that phagocytosed Staphylococcus aureus in seronegative animals was higher than that in BLV-infected dairy cows. No effect of BLV infection on the intracellular RONS production and the intensity of phagocytosis by milk macrophages was observed. Thus, this study provides new insights into the implications of BLV infections in the bovine mammary gland.

Laryngeal perforation during Sistrunk procedure.

Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is the most common congenital neck anomaly in childhood, although it can be diagnosed at any age group. Ultrasound of the thyroid gland and the neck structures is an appropriate tool for diagnosis. The authors aim to report a rare case of a 22-year-old male with a laryngeal perforation during a TGDC excision and raise awareness to this potentially life-threatening complication. The Sistrunk procedure is the surgical treatment of choice with a low morbidity and recurrence rates.

Zoonotic smooth and rough Brucella in dogs: seroprevalence and associated factors in an Atlantic Rainforest area of the state of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil / Brucella zoonóticalisa e rugosa em cães: soroprevalência e fatores associados em área de Mata Atlântica do estado da Paraíba, Nordeste brasileiro

ABSTRACT: Canine brucellosisis an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella, with world wide distribution and zoonotic impact, and in humans and animals is a neglected disease. In the present study, the sero prevalence of B. canis and B. abortus were determined in a probabilistic sample of housed dogs from the Atlantic Rainforest area of the state of Paraíba, Brazil, and the factors associated with sero positivity. A total of 386 dogs over three months of age were used. For the search for anti-B.canis antibodies the agar gel immune diffusion test (IDGA) was used as a screening and IDGA+2ME as confirmatory test, and to search for anti-B. abortus antibodies the Rose Bengal test (RBT) test was used. Apparent and real prevalences were calculated, and robust Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with prevalence. The real prevalence fB. Canis was 12.6% and of B. abortus was 22.8%. The factors associated with sero positivity for B. canis were age greater than 10 years (prevalence ratio; PR = 6.38; P = 0.024) and dogs reared in they ard (PR = 5.20; P = 0.035) and for B. abortus was no treplacement of water of animals everyday (PR = 1.48; P = 0.033). It can be concluded that the prevalence of B. canis and B. Abortus in the region is high, which warns to the adopting of control and prevention measures, as well as greater care in the management of animals, especially for elderly dogs.

RESUMO: A brucelose canina é uma doença infecciosa causada por bactérias do gênero Brucella, com distribuição mundial e de caráter zoonótico, e em humanos e animais é uma doença negligenciada. No presente estudo foram determinados as soroprevalências de B. canis e B. abortusem uma amostra probabilística de cães domiciliados da área urbana de oito municípios localizados na região da Mata Atlântica do Estado da Paraíba, Brasil, e os fatores associados com a soropositividade. Foram utilizados 386 cães com mais de três meses de idade. Para a pesquisa de anticorpos anti-B. canis foi utilizado o teste de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) como triagem e IDGA+2ME como confirmatório, e para a pesquisa de anticorpos anti-B. abortusfoi utilizado o teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado (AAT). Foram calculadas as prevalências aparente e real, e para a identificação de fatores associados com a prevalência foi empregada regressão robusta de Poisson. A prevalência real de B. canis foi de 12,6% e de B. abortusfoi 22,8%. Os fatores associados com a soropositividade para B. canis foram idade maior que 10 anos (razão de prevalência; RP = 6,38; P = 0,024) e cães criados presos no quintal (RP = 5,20; P = 0,035) e para B. abortus foi não trocar a água dos animais todos os dias (RP = 1,48; P = 0,033). Conclui-se que a prevalência de B. canis e B. abortusem cães da região é alta, o que alerta para a necessidade de adoção de medidas de controle e prevenção, bem como são sugeridos maiores cuidados no manejo dos animais, sobretudo cães idosos.

Atuação do psicólogo na unidade pediátrica em iminência de cirurgia cardíaca / Psychologists performance in the pediatric unit in imminence of cardiac surgery

O presente artigo, a partir do método de revisão bibliográfica da literatura, visou identificar e descrever a atuação do psicólogo hospitalar em manejar estratégias que possam preparar crianças com cardiopatias congênitas e seus familiares para o procedimento cirúrgico. A psicoprofilaxia realizada pelo profissional objetiva a preparação psicológica pré, peri, e pós-operatória e viabiliza meios de a criança enfrentar e dar novo significado ao processo a que é submetida. Ressalta-se que a eficácia do pós-operatório e, por conseguinte, a desospitalização exitosa, está diretamente relacionada com a preparação psicológica pré-cirúrgica realizada pelo psicólogo de forma tríade - o paciente infantil, seus familiares e a equipe de saúde. Este trabalho é de significativa importância para a compreensão do indivíduo em processo de adoecimento e resgate da subjetividade, bem como para possíveis contribuições para formação e atuação profissional hospitalar.

The present article, based on the method of bibliographic literature review, aimed to identify and describe the role of the hospital psychologist in managing strategies that can prepare children with congenital heart disease and their families for the surgical procedure. The psychoprophylaxis performed by the professional aims the pre, peri and postoperative psychological preparation and enables the means for the child to face and give new meaning to the process to which it is submitted. It is noteworthy that the effectiveness of postoperative period and, consequently, the successful deinstitutionalization, is directly related to the pre-surgical psychological preparation performed by the psychologist in a triad - the child patient, his family and the healthcare team. This work is of significant importance for the understanding of the individual in the process of becoming ill and rescuing subjectivity, as well as for possible contributions to hospital professional training and performance.

Categorias de Aptidão Física Baseadas no VO2max em População Brasileira com Suposto Alto Nível Socioeconômico e sem Cardiopatia Estrutural / VO2max-Based Physical Fitness Categories in a Brazilian Population with Supposed High Socioeconomic Status and without Structural Heart Disease

Resumo Fundamento Os dados mais utilizados como referência de aptidão cardiorrespiratória (ACR) são os de Cooper, que utiliza valores calculados de captação máxima de oxigênio (VO2máx). Objetivo Desenvolver valores de ACR a partir do teste cardiopulmonar de exercício (TCPE) em uma população brasileira com alto nível socioeconômico e livre de cardiopatia estrutural. Os resultados dos testes de VO2max foram comparados aos dados de Cooper e do FRIEND Registry. Métodos Foram utilizados neste estudo dados de TCPE de indivíduos consecutivos entre 1º de janeiro de 2000 e 31 de maio de 2016. Os critérios de inclusão foram: VO2máx pré-definido. Foi construído um gráfico de ACR de acordo com os percentuais do VO2máx: muito ruim (≤20%), ruim (20-40%), regular (40-60%), boa (60-80%), excelente (80-90%), e superior (≥90%). A correlação Kappa foi usada para analisar nossos dados em comparação aos dados dos outros dois bancos de dados. Os testes estatísticos com p<0,005 foram considerados significativos. Resultados A coorte final incluiu 18.186 testes: 12.552 homens, 5.634 mulheres (7 a 84 anos). A resposta mais recorrente foi "boa" (20,2%). Houve diferença média de peso, altura, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e idade no gráfico da ACR. Houve correlação inversa entre VO2máx e idade, peso e IMC. Usando uma regressão linear e essas variáveis, uma equação preditiva foi desenvolvida para o VO2máx. Nossas descobertas diferiram das dos outros bancos de dados. Conclusão Desenvolvemos uma classificação para a ACR e encontramos valores mais altos em todas as faixas de classificação de capacidade funcional, em contraste com os dados de Cooper e do FRIEND Registry. Nossos achados oferecem uma interpretação mais precisa da ACR nessa grande amostra populacional brasileira, quando comparados aos padrões anteriores, com base no VO2máx estimado. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(3):468-477)

Abstract Background The most widely used data for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) referrals are from the Cooper Clinic, which uses calculated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) values. Objective To develop CRF values from cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) in a Brazilian population with high socioeconomic level and free of structural heart disease. VO2max testing results were compared with the Cooper Clinic and FRIEND Registry data. Methods CPX data from consecutive individuals between January 1,2000, and May 31,2016 were used in this study. Inclusion criteria were: VO2max by a pre-specified definition. We built a CRF chart according to VO2max percentiles: very poor (≤20%), poor (20-40%), fair (40-60%), good (60-80%), excellent (80-90%), and superior (≥90%). Kappa correlation was used to analyze our data in comparison with that of the other two databases. Statistical tests with p<0.005 were considered significant. Results Final cohort included 18,186 tests: 12,552 men, 5,634 women (7-84 years). The most recurrent response was "good" (20.2%). There was a mean difference in weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and age in the CRF chart. An inverse correlation existed between VO2max and age, weight, and BMI. Using a linear regression and these variables, a predictive equation was developed for VO2max. Our findings differed from that of the other databases. Conclusion We developed a classification for CRF and found higher values in all classification ranges of functional capacity in contrast to the Cooper Clinic and FRIEND Registry. Our findings offer a more accurate interpretation of ACR in this large Brazilian population sample when compared to previous standards based on the estimated VO2max. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(3):468-477)

VO2max-Based Physical Fitness Categories in a Brazilian Population with Supposed High Socioeconomic Status and without Structural Heart Disease. / Categorias de Aptidão Física Baseadas no VO2max em População Brasileira com Suposto Alto Nível Socioeconômico e sem Cardiopatia Estrutural.

BACKGROUND: The most widely used data for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) referrals are from the Cooper Clinic, which uses calculated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) values. OBJECTIVE: To develop CRF values from cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) in a Brazilian population with high socioeconomic level and free of structural heart disease. VO2max testing results were compared with the Cooper Clinic and FRIEND Registry data. METHODS: CPX data from consecutive individuals between January 1,2000, and May 31,2016 were used in this study. Inclusion criteria were: VO2max by a pre-specified definition. We built a CRF chart according to VO2max percentiles: very poor (≤20%), poor (20-40%), fair (40-60%), good (60-80%), excellent (80-90%), and superior (≥90%). Kappa correlation was used to analyze our data in comparison with that of the other two databases. Statistical tests with p<0.005 were considered significant. RESULTS: Final cohort included 18,186 tests: 12,552 men, 5,634 women (7-84 years). The most recurrent response was "good" (20.2%). There was a mean difference in weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and age in the CRF chart. An inverse correlation existed between VO2max and age, weight, and BMI. Using a linear regression and these variables, a predictive equation was developed for VO2max. Our findings differed from that of the other databases. CONCLUSION: We developed a classification for CRF and found higher values in all classification ranges of functional capacity in contrast to the Cooper Clinic and FRIEND Registry. Our findings offer a more accurate interpretation of ACR in this large Brazilian population sample when compared to previous standards based on the estimated VO2max. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(3):468-477).

FUNDAMENTO: Os dados mais utilizados como referência de aptidão cardiorrespiratória (ACR) são os de Cooper, que utiliza valores calculados de captação máxima de oxigênio (VO2máx). OBJETIVO: Desenvolver valores de ACR a partir do teste cardiopulmonar de exercício (TCPE) em uma população brasileira com alto nível socioeconômico e livre de cardiopatia estrutural. Os resultados dos testes de VO2max foram comparados aos dados de Cooper e do FRIEND Registry. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados neste estudo dados de TCPE de indivíduos consecutivos entre 1º de janeiro de 2000 e 31 de maio de 2016. Os critérios de inclusão foram: VO2máx pré-definido. Foi construído um gráfico de ACR de acordo com os percentuais do VO2máx: muito ruim (≤20%), ruim (20-40%), regular (40-60%), boa (60-80%), excelente (80-90%), e superior (≥90%). A correlação Kappa foi usada para analisar nossos dados em comparação aos dados dos outros dois bancos de dados. Os testes estatísticos com p<0,005 foram considerados significativos. RESULTADOS: A coorte final incluiu 18.186 testes: 12.552 homens, 5.634 mulheres (7 a 84 anos). A resposta mais recorrente foi "boa" (20,2%). Houve diferença média de peso, altura, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e idade no gráfico da ACR. Houve correlação inversa entre VO2máx e idade, peso e IMC. Usando uma regressão linear e essas variáveis, uma equação preditiva foi desenvolvida para o VO2máx. Nossas descobertas diferiram das dos outros bancos de dados. CONCLUSÃO: Desenvolvemos uma classificação para a ACR e encontramos valores mais altos em todas as faixas de classificação de capacidade funcional, em contraste com os dados de Cooper e do FRIEND Registry. Nossos achados oferecem uma interpretação mais precisa da ACR nessa grande amostra populacional brasileira, quando comparados aos padrões anteriores, com base no VO2máx estimado. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(3):468-477).

Morphology, Structure, and Dynamics of Pentacene Thin Films and Their Nanocomposites with [C2 C1 im][NTf2 ] and [C2 C1 im][OTF] Ionic Liquids.

In this study, a homogeneous thin film growth of pentacene onto indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass surfaces is explored using a high-resolution and reproducible vapor deposition methodology. Moreover, vacuum thermal evaporation of ionic liquids (ILs) ([C2 C1 im][NTf2 ] and [C2 C1 im][OTF]) onto ITO, gold/palladium (AuPd) and pentacene surfaces were performed. A greater wettability behavior of ILs is observed for surfaces containing AuPd. Sequential and simultaneous depositions of ILs and pentacene were explored. Simultaneous depositions lead to the formation of nanocomposites films, consisting of IL micro- and nanodroplets covered by pentacene layers. Plasma surface treatment was used to induce the ILs droplets coalescence and explore the dynamics and phase separation of the nanocomposites. The [C2 C1 im][OTF] droplets were found to be completely covered with pentacene, which suggests a great affinity between cation-anion pairs and the aromatic moiety. Pentacene films and their nanocomposites with ILs exhibit a typical optical band gap of Egap =1.77 eV, indicating that the nanocomposite phase domains are large enough to behavior as the bulk.

Cardiorespiratory fitness data from 18,189 participants who underwent treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise testing in a Brazilian population.

PURPOSE: Cardiorespiratory fitness is inversely associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality, and mortality attributable to various cancers. It is often estimated indirectly using mathematical formulas for estimating oxygen uptake. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing, especially oxygen uptake, represents the "gold standard" for assessing exercise capacity. The purpose of this report was to develop reference standards for exercise capacity by establishing cardiorespiratory fitness values derived from cardiopulmonary exercise testing in a Brazilian population. We focused on oxygen uptake standards and compared the maximal oxygen uptake [mLO2·kg-1·min-1] values with those in the existing literature. METHODS: A database was constructed using reports from cardiopulmonary exercise testing performed at Fleury laboratory. The final cohort included 18,189 individuals considered to be free of structural heart disease. Percentiles of maximal oxygen uptake for men and women were determined for six age groups between 7 and 84 years. We compared the values with existing reference data from patients from Norway and the United States. RESULTS: There were significant differences in maximal oxygen uptake between sexes and across the age groups. In our cohort, the 50th percentile maximal oxygen uptake values for men and women decreased from 44.7 and 36.3 mLO2·kg-1·min-1 to 28.4 and 22.3 mLO2·kg-1·min-1 for patients aged 20-29 years to patients aged 60-69 years, respectively. For each age group, both Norwegian men and women had greater cardiorespiratory fitness than cohorts in the United States and Brazil. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, our analysis represents the largest reference data for cardiorespiratory fitness based on treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Our findings provide reference values of maximal oxygen uptake measurements from treadmill tests in Brazilian populations that are more accurate than previous standard values based on workload-derived estimations. This data may also add information to the global data used for the interpretation of cardiorespiratory fitness.

Prevalence of clinically validated primary causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in a State Capital in Northeastern Brazil / Prevalência das causas primárias de doença renal crônica terminal (DRCT) validadas clinicamente em uma capital do Nordeste brasileiro

ABSTRACT Introduction: Knowledge of validated primary causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is extremely relevant in the realm of public health. The literature lacks validated studies on the primary causes of ESRD. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of the causes of ESRD in a State Capital in Northeastern Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on the analysis of medical records of patients on hemodialysis at five specialized centers in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Deaths and patients referred to other centers outside Fortaleza were excluded from the study. The data of 830 patients were initially collected, but 818 remained enrolled after the exclusion criteria were applied, the equivalent to 48% of the patents on dialysis in the city. Results: 61.1% of the patients were males. Twenty-two percent of all enrolled individuals were aged 60-69 years. Patient mean age was 55.7 ± 16 years. The most common validated cause of ESRD was unknown (35.3%), followed by diabetes mellitus (26.4%), adult polycystic kidney disease (6.2%), graft failure (6.2%), obstructive uropathy (5.7%), and primary glomerulonephritis (5.3%). Before validation, primary hypertension was the most frequent cause of chronic kidney disease (22.9%), decreased to 3.8% after validation. Conclusion: The data contradicted national studies reporting primary hypertension as the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). A high rate of unknown causes and categorization bias were observed mainly in relation to primary hypertension as a cause of CKD, which affects the overall prevalence of causes of ESRD in patients on dialysis.

RESUMO Introdução: O conhecimento das causas primárias, validadas, de doença renal crônica terminal (DRCT) é primordial no contexto epidemiológico da doença. Existe uma lacuna na literatura em termos de estudos validados sobre tais causas. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência das causas de DRCT em uma capital do Nordeste brasileiro. Métodos: Estudo transversal baseado na análise dos prontuários de pacientes em hemodiálise de cinco centros especializados em Fortaleza, CE. Foram excluídos casos de óbito no período da coleta e de transferências para outras unidades fora do município em questão. Coletou-se dados de 830 pacientes, restando 818 após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, o correspondente a 48% dos pacientes que dialisam na cidade. Resultados: Observou-se que 61,1% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino. A faixa etária mais prevalente foi 60 a 69 anos, 22%. A idade média foi 55,7 ± 16 anos. A causa mais comum de DRCT pós-validação foi indeterminada, 35,3%; seguida por diabetes mellitus, 26,4%; doença renal policística do adulto, 6,2%; falência do enxerto, 6,2%; uropatia obstrutiva, 5,7%; e glomerulonefrite primária, 5,3%. Antes da validação, a hipertensão primária foi a causa mais frequente de DRCT, com 22,9%, e, após validação, caiu para 3,8%. Conclusão: Os dados contrariam estudos nacionais que afirmam que a primeira causa de DRCT seria hipertensão primária. Evidenciou-se alta taxa de causas desconhecidas e viés de classificação, principalmente com relação à HAS primária como causa de DRCT, o que afeta a prevalência geral das causas de DRCT dos pacientes em diálise.

Prevalence of clinically validated primary causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in a State Capital in Northeastern Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Knowledge of validated primary causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is extremely relevant in the realm of public health. The literature lacks validated studies on the primary causes of ESRD. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of the causes of ESRD in a State Capital in Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was based on the analysis of medical records of patients on hemodialysis at five specialized centers in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Deaths and patients referred to other centers outside Fortaleza were excluded from the study. The data of 830 patients were initially collected, but 818 remained enrolled after the exclusion criteria were applied, the equivalent to 48% of the patents on dialysis in the city. RESULTS: 61.1% of the patients were males. Twenty-two percent of all enrolled individuals were aged 60-69 years. Patient mean age was 55.7 ± 16 years. The most common validated cause of ESRD was unknown (35.3%), followed by diabetes mellitus (26.4%), adult polycystic kidney disease (6.2%), graft failure (6.2%), obstructive uropathy (5.7%), and primary glomerulonephritis (5.3%). Before validation, primary hypertension was the most frequent cause of chronic kidney disease (22.9%), decreased to 3.8% after validation. CONCLUSION: The data contradicted national studies reporting primary hypertension as the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). A high rate of unknown causes and categorization bias were observed mainly in relation to primary hypertension as a cause of CKD, which affects the overall prevalence of causes of ESRD in patients on dialysis.

Itinerante Futebol Clube: a desconstrução do torcer e as relações entre clubes e torcidas / Itinerant club football: the deconstruction of supporting and relations between clubs and fans / Itinerante Fútbol Club: la desconstrución de la afición y las relaciones entre clubes y aficionados

Em Minas Gerais, nos últimos anos, três clubes transferiram sua equipe para outros municípios, dentre elas o Ipatinga FC que se transferiu para a cidade de Betim, em 2013, retornando para sua cidade natal ao final do mesmo ano. A proposta deste estudo foi compreender o processo de (des)configuração e (re)configuração do torcer nas cidades de Betim e Ipatinga, e como se estabeleceu a relação das torcidas com o Ipatinga FC / Betim EC. Para tal, aplicaram-se formulários e entrevistas semiestruturadas aos torcedores dos dois clubes. Os resultados, embora distintos nas duas cidades estudadas, apontam para um envolvimento dos torcedores com os clubes enquanto uma opção de lazer e que os mesmos são representativos na forma de expressão dos sentimentos que os torcedores apresentam com seus lugares e territórios.

In Minas Gerais, in recent years, three clubs moved his team to other cities, including the Ipatinga FC who moved to the city of Betim, in 2013, returning to his hometown at the end of that year. The purpose of this study was to understand the process of (un) configuration and (re) configuration of the supporting in the cities of Betim and Ipatinga, and how to set the relationship of the fans with the Ipatinga FC / Betim EC. The study invloved the application forms and semi-structured interviews to the fans of both teams. The results, although different in the two cities studied, indicate to involvement of fans with clubs as a leisure option and that they are representative in the form of expression of feelings that fans have with their places and territories.

En Minas Gerais, en los últimos años, tres clubes trasladaron su sede a otras ciudades, entre ellas el Ipatinga FC, que se trasladó a Betim, en 2013, volviendo a su ciudad natal a finales de ese año. El propósito de este estudio fue comprender el proceso de (des) configuración y (re) configuración de la afición en las ciudades Betim y Ipatinga, y la relación de los aficionados con los dos equipos. Con este fin, se aplicaron cuestionarios y entrevistas semiestructuradas a los aficionados. Los resultados, aunque diferentes en las dos ciudades estudiadas, indican el envolvimiento de los aficionados con los clubes como una opción de ocio y que son representativos en la expresión de los sentimientos que los aficionados tienen con sus lugares y territorios

Intoxicação por Portulaca elatior (Portulacaceae) em bovinos / Portulaca elatior (Portulacaceae) poisoning in cattle

Descreve-se um surto de intoxicação aguda em bovinos causado pela ingestão de Portulaca elatior na região nordeste do Brasil. O surto resultou da ingestão a partir da administração da planta no cocho pelo criador para os bovinos. Quatro de cinco bovinos foram intoxicados e dois morreram. Os sinais clínicos incluíram dor abdominal, tremores musculares, intensa salivação, timpanismo moderado e desidratação. O curso clínico da doença variou de 10 a 18 horas. Os achados macroscópicos incluíram desidratação, avermelhamento das mucosas dos pré-estômagos, abomaso e intestinos, além de ulceração da mucosa ruminal. Nos dois casos foi notada a presença de fragmentos de Portulaca no interior do rúmen. Os achados histológicos foram de degeneração e necrose das camadas superficiais do epitélio dos pré-estômagos, necrose e inflamação da mucosa intestinal e necrose linfoide. As atividades de AST e GGT estavam dentro dos valores de normalidade. O diagnóstico de intoxicação associado à ingestão de P. elatior foi baseado na epidemiologia, sinais clínicos e lesões. A ausência de informação sobre a toxicidade de P. elatior foi a principal causa para a ocorrência da intoxicação acidental.(AU)

An outbreak of acute poisoning in cattle caused by the ingestion of Portulaca elatior occurred in the northeastern Brazil. The outbreak resulted from ingestion of the plant provided by the farmer. Four out of five cattle were poisoned and two died. Clinical signs included abdominal pain, muscle trembling, intense salivation, mild bloat and dehydration. The course of the disease ranged from 10 to 18 hours. Gross findings included dehydration, reddening of the mucosa of forestomachs, abomasum, and intestine, with ulcerations of the ruminal mucosa. The presence of Portulaca leaves in the rumen was noted in both cases. The main histologic lesions were superficial to full thickness degeneration and necrosis of the stratified epithelium lining the forestomachs, necrosis and inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, and lymphoid necrosis. The serum activities of AST and GGT and serum were within normal ranges. The diagnosis of poisoning associated with ingestion of P. elatior was based on the epidemiology, clinical signs and lesions. The lack of information about the toxicity of P. elatior was the main cause for the accident of poisoning.(AU)

In Silico Approach for Characterization and Comparison of Repeats in the Genomes of Oil and Date Palms.

Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements present in almost all eukaryotic genomes. Due to their typical patterns of repetition, discovery, and characterization, they demand analysis by various bioinformatics software. Probably, as a result of the need for a complex analysis, many genomes publicly available do not have these elements annotated yet. In this study, a de novo and homology-based identification of TEs and microsatellites was performed using genomic data from 3 palm species: Elaeis oleifera (American oil palm, v.1, Embrapa, unpublished; v.8, Malaysian Palm Oil Board [MPOB], public), Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm, v.5, MPOB, public), and Phoenix dactylifera (date palm). The estimated total coverage of TEs was 50.96% (523 572 kb) and 42.31% (593 463 kb), 39.41% (605 015 kb), and 33.67% (187 361 kb), respectively. A total of 155 726 microsatellite loci were identified in the genomes of oil and date palms. This is the first detailed description of repeats in the genomes of oil and date palms. A relatively high diversity and abundance of TEs were found in the genomes, opening a range of further opportunities for applied research in these genera. The development of molecular markers (mainly simple sequence repeat), which may be immediately applied in breeding programs of those species to support the selection of superior genotypes and to enhance knowledge of the genetic structure of the breeding and natural populations, is the most notable opportunity.