RESUMEN
Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of diseases that includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis. CD is characterized as a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, ranging from the mouth to the anus. Although there are gross pathological and histological similarities between CD and Johne's disease of cattle, the cause of CD remains controversial. It is vital to understand fully the cause of this disease because it affects approximately 500,000 people in North America and Europe. It ranges from 27 to 48 cases per 100,000 people. There are many theories on the cause of CD ranging from possible association with environmental factors including microorganisms to imbalance in the intestinal normal flora of the patients. Regardless of the environmental trigger, there is strong evidence that a genetic disposition is a major key in acquiring CD. Many studies have proven the link between mutations in the ATG16L, NOD2/CARD15, IBD5, CTLA4, TNFSF15 and IL23R genes, and CD. The purpose of this review is to examine all genetic aspects and theories of CD, including up to date multiple population studies performed worldwide.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Enfermedad de Crohn/genética , Proteína Adaptadora de Señalización NOD2/genética , Receptores de Interleucina/genética , Proteínas Relacionadas con la Autofagia , Antígeno CTLA-4/genética , Enfermedad de Crohn/epidemiología , Enfermedad de Crohn/fisiopatología , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMEN
El presente artículo es elaborado a partir de una experiencia llevada a cabo con madres adolescentes durante los meses febrero y marzo del 2010. Se abordan temáticas relacionadas a la sexualidad, la prevención en la salud sexual, derechos sexuales y reproductivos, as¡ como también aquellos cuidados requeridos por los niños y niñas en la primera infancia. La metodología utilizada fue la implementación de ocho talleres que se construyeron a partir de un análisis de las principales necesidades de las jóvenes en cuestión. Es posible apreciar que hubo un aprovechamiento satisfactorio por parte de las participantes y esta experiencia parece haberles ayudado a tomar conciencia de sus derechos sexuales y reproductivos, as¡ como incrementar su saber acerca de la tecnología anticonceptiva...
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adolescente , Servicios de Salud del Adolescente , Anticoncepción , Planificación Familiar , Embarazo en Adolescencia , Calidad de Vida , Costa RicaRESUMEN
CONTEXT: Emotional intelligence (EI), the ability to perceive emotions in the self and others, and to understand, regulate and use such information in productive ways, is believed to be important in health care delivery for both recipients and providers of health care. There are two types of EI measure: ability and trait. Ability and trait measures differ in terms of both the definition of constructs and the methods of assessment. Ability measures conceive of EI as a capacity that spans the border between reason and feeling. Items on such a measure include showing a person a picture of a face and asking what emotion the pictured person is feeling; such items are scored by comparing the test-taker's response to a keyed emotion. Trait measures include a very large array of non-cognitive abilities related to success, such as self-control. Items on such measures ask individuals to rate themselves on such statements as: 'I generally know what other people are feeling.' Items are scored by giving higher scores to greater self-assessments. We compared one of each type of test with the other for evidence of reliability, convergence and overlap with personality. METHODS: Year 1 and 2 medical students completed the Meyer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT, an ability measure), the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS, a trait measure) and an industry standard personality test (the Neuroticism-Extroversion-Openness [NEO] test). RESULTS: The MSCEIT showed problems with reliability. The MSCEIT and the WLEIS did not correlate highly with one another (overall scores correlated at 0.18). The WLEIS was more highly correlated with personality scales than the MSCEIT. CONCLUSIONS: Different tests that are supposed to measure EI do not measure the same thing. The ability measure was not correlated with personality, but the trait measure was correlated with personality.