RESUMEN
The prepartum output of PGF2alpha in the bitch is associated with increased placental PGE2-synthase (PTGES) mRNA levels. Contrasting with this is a decreased expression of PGF2alpha-synthase (PGFS/AKR1C3) in uteroplacental compartments during prepartum luteolysis, suggesting an involvement of alternative synthetic pathways in PGF2alpha synthesis, for example, conversion of PGE2 to PGF2alpha. However, because the expression and possible functions of the respective PTGES proteins remained unknown, no further conclusion could be drawn. Therefore, a canine-specific PTGES antibody was generated and used to investigate the expression, cellular localization, and biochemical activities of canine uteroplacental PTGES throughout pregnancy and at prepartum luteolysis. Additionally, the biochemical activities of these tissues involved in the conversion of PGE2 to PGF2alpha were investigated. The endometrial PTGES was localized in the uterine surface epithelium at preimplantation and in superficial and deep uterine glands, endothelial cells, and myometrium throughout pregnancy and at parturition. Placental signals were mostly in the trophoblast. The biochemical properties of recombinant PTGES protein were confirmed. Additionally, expression of two PGE2-receptors, PTGER2/EP2 and PTGER4/EP4, revealed their decreasing expression during luteolysis. In contrast, the uteroplacental expression of prostaglandin transporter (PGT) was strongly elevated prior to parturition. These localization patterns resembled that of PTGES. The increased expression of PTGES and PGT at parturition, together with the accompanying decreased levels of PGE2-receptors and the capability of canine uterine and placental homogenates to take part in the conversion of PGE2 to PGF2alpha, as found in this study, suggest that PGE2 could be used locally as a substrate for prepartum PGF2alpha synthesis in the dog.
Asunto(s)
Dinoprost/biosíntesis , Perros , Oxidorreductasas Intramoleculares/genética , Oxidorreductasas Intramoleculares/metabolismo , Parto , Placenta/metabolismo , Preñez , Animales , Chlorocebus aethiops , Perros/genética , Perros/metabolismo , Implantación del Embrión/genética , Endometrio/metabolismo , Femenino , Oxidorreductasas Intramoleculares/fisiología , Luteólisis/genética , Luteólisis/metabolismo , Parto/genética , Parto/metabolismo , Placenta/enzimología , Embarazo , Preñez/genética , Preñez/metabolismo , Prostaglandina-E Sintasas , Distribución Tisular , Células VeroRESUMEN
There is no distinct explanation of the mechanism for the prepartal prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) increase in pregnant dogs. Although the PGF2alpha-synthase (PGFS [AKR1C3]) mRNA expression and localization profiles have been previously investigated in canine utero/placental compartments, the availability and biochemical activity of the PGFS (AKR1C3) protein remain unknown. In order to better understand the regulation of canine uterine PGF2alpha availability and eventual prepartum release in luteolytic amounts in dogs, canine-specific PGFS (AKR1C3) and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD) antibodies were generated and used to characterize the expression, cellular localization, and biochemical properties of PGFS (AKR1C3) and HPGD in the utero/placental compartments and corpus luteum throughout pregnancy and at prepartum luteolysis. PGFS (AKR1C3) expression was weak or absent in luteal samples. Uterine PGFS (AKR1C3) was up-regulated postimplantation and declined prepartum. The utero/placental expression of PGFS (AKR1C3) was identified in the superficial uterine glands throughout gestation and in the trophoblast cells within the feto-maternal contact zone during placentation, suggesting a possible role for PGFS (AKR1C3) in the trophoblast invasion. Utero-placental HPGD was up-regulated until postimplantation, lower at midgestation, and greatly suppressed at prepartum. Expression was routinely identified in the endometrial surface and glandular epithelia, and positive signals were also observed in the trophoblast cells at the feto-maternal contact zone. The biochemical activity of recombinant PGFS (AKR1C3) and HPGD was confirmed after its expression in a heterologous system. The colocalization of HPGD with PGFS (AKR1C3) expression suggests a modulatory role for HPGD as a gatekeeper of the supply of prostaglandin in the pregnant canine uterus.