RESUMEN
Workers, who work on the front line to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, in special health professionals, are exposed to more risks of mental health problems. The objective of this article was to identify clinical and epidemiological aspects of the mental health of health workers, without facing COVID-19. A systematic literature review of articles published between January 1 and May 14, 2020, was carried out in the Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed and Medline databases. 58 studies were selected, of which 10 empirical articles met all inclusion requirements. The research models involved, on the one hand, demographic and occupational variables and, on the other, mental health problems, as dependent variables, highlighting: depression, anxiety, fear, insomnia and medical symptoms. In the discussion, the main consequences for the mental health of the professionals stand out, as well as the coping and application strategies.
Os trabalhadores, que atuam na linha de frente de combate à pandemia da COVID-19, em especial profissionais de saúde, estão expostos a mais riscos de agravos à saúde mental. O objetivo desse artigo foi identificar aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos da saúde mental de trabalhadores da saúde, no enfrentamento à COVID-19. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura de artigos publicados entre 1 de janeiro a 14 de maio de 2020, nas bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed e Medline. Foram identificados 58 estudos, dos quais 10 artigos empíricos preencheram todos os critérios de inclusão definidos. Os modelos de pesquisa envolviam, de um lado, variáveis demográficas e ocupacionais e, de outro, agravos à saúde mental, como variáveis dependentes, destacando: depressão, ansiedade, medo, insônia e sintomas físicos. Na discussão destacam-se as principais consequências à saúde mental destes profissionais, bem como estratégias de enfrentamento e intervenções.
Los trabajadores que trabajan en la primera línea para combatir la pandemia de COVID-19, en profesionales de la salud especiales, están expuestos a más riesgos de problemas de salud mental. El objetivo de este artículo fue identificar aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos de la salud mental de los trabajadores de la salud, sin enfrentar COVID-19. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura de los artículos publicados entre el 1 de enero y el 14 de mayo de 2020 en las bases de datos de Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed y Medline. Se seleccionaron 58 estudios, de los cuales 10 artículos empíricos cumplieron con todos los requisitos de inclusión. Los modelos de investigación incluyeron, por un lado, variables demográficas y ocupacionales y, por otro, problemas de salud mental, como variables dependientes, destacando: depresión, ansiedad, miedo, insomnio y síntomas médicos . En la discusión se destacan las principales consecuencias para la salud mental de los profesionales, así como las estrategias de afrontamiento y aplicación.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Salud Mental , Personal de Salud/psicología , COVID-19/psicología , Brasil/epidemiología , Estrategias de Salud , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/psicologíaRESUMEN
Abstract This article aimed to check the association between clinical and epidemiological predictors of sick leave due to mental and behavioral disorders in public servants. Two databases were used: one epidemiological, with demographic and occupational data of public servants from Santa Catarina, enabling prevalence calculations for this population; one clinical, with results from three instruments in a representative sample of 822 servants. The prevalence of epidemiological variables from each sample servant has been associated with their clinical scores (obtained by the instruments), allowing comparisons between clinical and epidemiological predictions. As a result, it was found that regression models covering both clinical and epidemiological variables have explained larger parts of the outcomes' range (reaching 60.7% of benefits granted). It is concluded, finally, that although psychology and epidemiology are distinct sciences, their remarkable contributions to health complement each other. Such articulation is rare in literature and enhances the psychological tradition of clinical studies. Therefore, it enriches the field in order to promote and protect mental health, as well as to prevent mental disorders, in work environments.
Resumo O objetivo do artigo foi verificar a associação entre preditores clínicos e epidemiológicos de afastamento do trabalho por transtorno mental em servidores públicos. Duas bases de dados foram utilizadas: uma epidemiológica, com dados demográficos e ocupacionais dos servidores do Estado de Santa Catarina, possibilitando cálculos de prevalência nessa população; outra clínica, com resultados de três instrumentos numa amostra representativa de 822 servidores. As prevalências das variáveis epidemiológicas de cada servidor da amostra foram associadas aos seus respectivos escores de instrumentos clínicos, permitindo comparações entre predições clínicas e epidemiológicas. Como resultado, observou-se que modelos de regressão envolvendo dados clínicos e epidemiológicos ao mesmo tempo explicam parcelas maiores da variância dos benefícios concedidos (chegando a 60,7%). Por fim, conclui-se que, apesar de psicologia e epidemiologia serem ciências distintas, suas notáveis contribuições para a saúde complementam-se. Tal articulação é raramente vista na literatura nacional e internacional e extrapola a tradição psicológica de estudos clínicos, enriquecendo-a no intuito de fomentar a promoção e proteção à saúde mental, assim como a prevenção contra transtornos mentais, em ambientes de trabalho.
RESUMEN
Os transtornos do humor e de ansiedade destacam-se como causa de absenteísmo-doença. O objetivo deste artigo foi verificar a associação entre variáveis socioeconômicas e ocupacionais com as prevalências desses transtornos na população de servidores públicos catarinenses. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa com delineamento transversal, de abordagem descritiva e analítica. Verificou-se que 19,31% dos servidores (8.765 casos) esteve em licença para tratamento de saúde pelo menos uma vez no período analisado (2010-2013). Transtornos do humor e transtornos de ansiedade apresentaram respectivamente as prevalências de 11,08% e 7,62%. Nesses grupos, verificou-se associação com sexo, idade, estado civil, escolaridade, faixa salarial e tempo de serviço. Os resultados indicam a possibilidade de identificar preditores sociodemográficos e ocupacionais desses transtornos mentais nessa população. Abstract
Mood and anxiety disorders out as causes of absenteeism-disease. The objective of this article was to verify the association between socio demographic and occupational variables with the prevalence of these disorders, in the population of public servants in Santa Catarina. It is a quantitative research with a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical approach. It was verified that 19.31% of the total number of servers (8,765 cases) were on leave health treatment, at least once in the analyzed period (2010-2013). Mood disorders and anxiety disorders presented respectively prevalence of 11.08% e 7.62%. In these groups, there was an association with gender, age, marital status, schooling, salary range and length of service. The results indicate the possibility of identifying socio demographic and occupational predictors of these mental disorders in this population.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Describe the epidemiological profile of mental and behavior disorders (MBD) of public servants in the State of Santa Catarina, which resulted in workers providing medical certificates, between 2010 and 2013. METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, performed from data provided by the State Secretary of Administration. All medical certificates classified as in Chapter V of ICD-10 - Group "F" - Mental and Behavioral Disorders (MBD) were considered for analysis in the period. RESULTS: The study included 71 state agencies, primarily the State Secretary of Education, which corresponds to about 46% of all workers. Considering all the pathologies, 79,306 medical certificates were registered, among which, 40.14% were for MDB. Of the 8,765 workers with medical certificated for MBD, significant differences were found in the prevalence of work absence between gender (more women, in general, with the exception of MBD caused by psychoactive substance use), levels of education, city of the working place, government agency of work, and workers job position.
Asunto(s)
Absentismo , Empleados de Gobierno/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos Transtornos Mentais e do Comportamento (TMC) de servidores públicos do estado de Santa Catarina, que culminaram em Licenças para Tratamento de Saúde (LTS) entre 2010 e 2013. Estudo descritivo de corte transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado a partir de dados fornecidos pela Secretaria de Estado da Administração de SC. Foram analisadas todas as LTS, enquadradas no Capítulo V da CID-10 - Grupo “F” - Transtornos Mentais e do Comportamento (TMC) no período considerado. O estudo incluiu 71 órgãos do estado, com destaque para Secretaria de Estado da Educação, a qual corresponde a cerca de 46% do efetivo de trabalhadores. Considerando-se todas as patologias, foram registradas 79.306 LTS, dentre as quais, 40,14% decorrentes de TMC. Dos 8.765 servidores em LTS por TMC, foram verificadas diferenças significativas na prevalência de afastamentos entre sexo (mais mulheres, em geral, com exceção de TMC decorrentes do uso de substâncias psicoativas), graus de instrução, município da unidade organizacional, órgão de vínculo e cargo ocupado.
Abstract Objective Describe the epidemiological profile of mental and behavior disorders (MBD) of public servants in the State of Santa Catarina, which resulted in workers providing medical certificates, between 2010 and 2013. Method A descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, performed from data provided by the State Secretary of Administration. All medical certificates classified as in Chapter V of ICD-10 - Group “F” - Mental and Behavioral Disorders (MBD) were considered for analysis in the period. Results The study included 71 state agencies, primarily the State Secretary of Education, which corresponds to about 46% of all workers. Considering all the pathologies, 79,306 medical certificates were registered, among which, 40.14% were for MDB. Of the 8,765 workers with medical certificated for MBD, significant differences were found in the prevalence of work absence between gender (more women, in general, with the exception of MBD caused by psychoactive substance use), levels of education, city of the working place, government agency of work, and workers job position.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Absentismo , Empleados de Gobierno/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Factores Sexuales , Prevalencia , Estudios TransversalesRESUMEN
Health workers working in Intensive Care Units experience complex situations where there is suffering due to patients suffering, among other factors. This article aimed to verify the meanings and the satisfaction arising from the work of 80 ICU employees at a public hospital from Santa Catarina and a private one from Rio de Janeiro. For data collection, questionnaires and interviews were used and the analysis was made by descriptive statistics. It is noteworthy that the meanings of working at the ICUs researched varied around the notion of social contribution and responsibility and/or exchange. Social relations at work were shown as a central dimension for most of the individuals. Most of them consider working not as something negative, but as one of the most important item of their lives, surpassing even the idea of the payment that it originates. It was observed that the understanding of the meanings assigned to work is an essential factor to achieve the emotional balance of workers at hospitals and to understand the conditioning causes of possible disruptions of this balance, which is a crucial factor for the promotion of mental health and life quality at work.
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Personal de Salud , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Satisfacción en el Trabajo , Adulto , Brasil , Femenino , Hospitales Públicos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Frente a los cambios en el mundo del trabajo contemporáneo cuestiones como globalización, desreglamentación, (des)empleo, precarización, entre otras, hacen parte de las preocupaciones de investigadores y profesionales. En ese contexto emergen cuestionamientos sobre la centralidad del trabajo en sus dimensiones social y psicológica, así como los procesos de significación a él asociados. Este artículo presenta y analiza los principales abordajes teóricos identificados en las literaturas internacional y brasileña en el campo de la Psicología que tratan de los significados y de los sentidos, en particular aquellos atribuidos al trabajo. Entre las diferentes bases epistemológicas que dan soporte a los estudios actuales fueron identificadas las siguientes: cognitivista, construccionista, socio-histórica, existencialista y estudios culturales. Las conclusiones explicitan que los conceptos todavía carecen de mayor precisión, de modo que diferentes autores muchas veces adoptan significados y sentidos del trabajo como si ambos fueran el mismo fenómeno.
Amidst changes in the contemporary world of labour, issues such as globalization, deregulation, (un)employment, precarization, among others, preoccupy researchers and professionals. In this context questions regarding the work centrality in its social and psychological dimensions emerge, as well as the meaning processes associated with working. This paper presents and analyzes the main theoretical approaches identified in the international and Brazilian literatures in the field of psychology making reference to meanings and senses, particularly those attributed to working. Different epistemological grounds supporting the current studies have been identified: cognitive, constructionist, cultural studies, existentialist and socio-historical. The conclusions highlight that the concepts still lack precision. Different authors often adopt meanings and senses of working as if both were the same phenomenon.
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Cognición , Trabajo/psicologíaRESUMEN
Profissionais de saúde que trabalham em unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI) vivenciam situações complexas, em que há sofrimento decorrente do sofrimento alheio, além de outros fatores. Este artigo propôs-se a verificar os significados e a satisfação advinda do trabalho de 80 funcionários de UTI de um hospital público catarinense e de um privado fluminense. Para a coleta de dados, utilizaram-se questionários e entrevistas. Para a análise, estatística descritiva. Pode-se ressaltar que os significados do trabalho nas UTI pesquisadas orbitam em torno da noção de contribuição social e também no âmbito da responsabilidade e/ou troca. As relações sociais no trabalho se mostraram como uma dimensão central para a maioria dos pesquisados. A maior parte deles considera o trabalho não como algo negativo, mas como um dos itens mais importantes de suas vidas, ultrapassando até mesmo a ideia de remuneração dele advinda. Pôde-se observar que a compreensão dos significados atribuídos ao trabalho é uma variável essencial para se alcançar o equilíbrio emocional dos trabalhadores nos nosocômios, bem como para se entender as causas condicionantes de eventuais rompimentos deste equilíbrio, fator crucial para a promoção da saúde mental e qualidade de vida no trabalho.
Health workers working in Intensive Care Unities experience complex situations where there is suffering due to patients suffering, among other factors. This article aimed to verify the meanings and the satisfaction arising from the work of 80 ICU employees at a public hospital from Santa Catarina and a private one from Rio de Janeiro. For data collection, questionnaires and interviews were used and the analysis was made by descriptive statistics. It is noteworthy that the meanings of working at the ICUs researched varied around the notion of social contribution and responsibility and/or exchange. Social relations at work were shown as a central dimension for most of the individuals. Most of them consider working not as something negative, but as one of the most important item of their lives, surpassing even the idea of the payment that it originates. It was observed that the understanding of the meanings assigned to work is an essential factor to achieve the emotional balance of workers at hospitals and to understand the conditioning causes of possible disruptions of this balance, which is a crucial factor for the promotion of mental health and life quality at work.