RESUMEN
Human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs) represent an invaluable source of primary cells to investigate development, establish cell and disease models, provide material for regenerative medicine and allow more physiological high-content screenings. Here, we generated three healthy hiPSC control lines - IPi001-A/B/C - from primary amniotic fluid cells (AFCs), an infrequently used source of cells, which can be readily obtained from amniocentesis for the prenatal diagnosis of numerous genetic disorders. These AFCs were reprogrammed by non-integrative viral transduction. The resulting hiPSCs displayed normal karyotype and expressed classic pluripotency hallmarks.
Asunto(s)
Células Madre Pluripotentes Inducidas , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Células Madre Pluripotentes Inducidas/metabolismo , Reprogramación Celular , Diferenciación Celular/fisiología , Líquido Amniótico/metabolismo , Medicina RegenerativaRESUMEN
Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (RDEB) is a rare and severe genetic disease responsible for blistering of the skin and mucosa caused by a wide variety of mutations in COL7A1 encoding type VII collagen. We have generated Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) from two RDEB patients' fibroblasts harboring homozygous recurrent mutations in COL7A1. Their pluripotent state was confirmed by gene and protein expression of stem cell markers OCT4, SOX2, TRA1/60 and SSEA4. Embryoid body formation followed by immunostaining and TaqMan scorecard analysis confirmed the capacity of RDEB iPSCs to differentiate into cell types from the three germ layers in vitro.
Asunto(s)
Epidermólisis Ampollosa Distrófica , Células Madre Pluripotentes Inducidas , Humanos , Epidermólisis Ampollosa Distrófica/genética , Epidermólisis Ampollosa Distrófica/metabolismo , Células Madre Pluripotentes Inducidas/metabolismo , Genes Recesivos , Piel/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo VII/genética , Colágeno Tipo VII/metabolismo , Mutación/genéticaRESUMEN
Mutations in UNC45A, a co-chaperone for myosins, were recently found causative of a syndrome combining cholestasis, diarrhea, loss of hearing and bone fragility. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a patient with a homozygous missense mutation in UNC45A. Cells from this patient, which were reprogrammed using integration-free Sendaï virus, have normal karyotype, express pluripotency markers and are able to differentiate into the three germ cell layers.
Asunto(s)
Células Madre Pluripotentes Inducidas , Síndromes de Malabsorción , Mucolipidosis , Humanos , Mutación Missense , Mutación , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genéticaRESUMEN
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have emerged as the most promising cellular source for cell therapies. To overcome the scale-up limitations of classical 2D culture systems, suspension cultures have been developed to meet the need for large-scale culture in regenerative medicine. Despite constant improvements, current protocols that use microcarriers or generate cell aggregates only achieve moderate amplification performance. Here, guided by reports showing that hPSCs can self-organize in vitro into cysts reminiscent of the epiblast stage in embryo development, we developed a physio-mimetic approach for hPSC culture. We engineered stem cell niche microenvironments inside microfluidics-assisted core-shell microcapsules. We demonstrate that lumenized three-dimensional colonies significantly improve viability and expansion rates while maintaining pluripotency compared to standard hPSC culture platforms such as 2D cultures, microcarriers, and aggregates. By further tuning capsule size and culture conditions, we scale up this method to industrial-scale stirred tank bioreactors and achieve an unprecedented hPSC amplification rate of 277-fold in 6.5 days. In brief, our findings indicate that our 3D culture system offers a suitable strategy both for basic stem cell biology experiments and for clinical applications.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula , Células Madre Pluripotentes , Humanos , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula/métodos , Diferenciación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Reactores BiológicosRESUMEN
Variants in the UNC45A cochaperone have been recently associated with a syndrome combining diarrhea, cholestasis, deafness, and bone fragility. Yet the mechanism underlying intestinal failure in UNC45A deficiency remains unclear. Here, biallelic variants in UNC45A were identified by next-generation sequencing in 6 patients with congenital diarrhea. Corroborating in silico prediction, variants either abolished UNC45A expression or altered protein conformation. Myosin VB was identified by mass spectrometry as client of the UNC45A chaperone and was found misfolded in UNC45AKO Caco-2 cells. In keeping with impaired myosin VB function, UNC45AKO Caco-2 cells showed abnormal epithelial morphogenesis that was restored by full-length UNC45A, but not by mutant alleles. Patients and UNC45AKO 3D organoids displayed altered luminal development and microvillus inclusions, while 2D cultures revealed Rab11 and apical transporter mislocalization as well as sparse and disorganized microvilli. All those features resembled the subcellular abnormalities observed in duodenal biopsies from patients with microvillus inclusion disease. Finally, microvillus inclusions and shortened microvilli were evidenced in enterocytes from unc45a-deficient zebrafish. Taken together, our results provide evidence that UNC45A plays an essential role in epithelial morphogenesis through its cochaperone function of myosin VB and that UNC45A loss causes a variant of microvillus inclusion disease.
Asunto(s)
Diarrea Infantil , Síndromes de Malabsorción , Mucolipidosis , Miosina Tipo V , Animales , Células CACO-2 , Diarrea Infantil/metabolismo , Diarrea Infantil/patología , Facies , Retardo del Crecimiento Fetal , Enfermedades del Cabello , Humanos , Lactante , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismo , Síndromes de Malabsorción/metabolismo , Microvellosidades/genética , Microvellosidades/patología , Mucolipidosis/genética , Mucolipidosis/metabolismo , Mucolipidosis/patología , Miosina Tipo V/genética , Miosina Tipo V/metabolismo , Fenotipo , Pez Cebra/genética , Pez Cebra/metabolismoRESUMEN
Primary cilia (PC) are non-motile dynamic microtubule-based organelles that protrude from the surface of most mammalian cells. They emerge from the older centriole during the G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle, while they disassemble as the cells re-enter the cell cycle at the G2/M phase boundary. They function as signal hubs, by detecting and transducing extracellular signals crucial for many cell processes. Similar to most cell types, all neocortical neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) have been shown harboring a PC allowing them to sense and transduce specific signals required for the normal cerebral cortical development. Here, we provide detailed protocols to generate and characterize two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell-based models from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSCs) to further dissect the involvement of PC during neocortical development. In particular, we present protocols to study the PC biogenesis and function in 2D neural rosette-derived NSPCs including the transduction of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway. To take advantage of the three-dimensional (3D) organization of cerebral organoids, we describe a simple method for 3D imaging of in toto immunostained cerebral organoids. After optical clearing, rapid acquisition of entire organoids allows detection of both centrosomes and PC on neocortical progenitors and neurons of the whole organoid. Finally, we detail the procedure for immunostaining and clearing of thick free-floating organoid sections preserving a significant degree of 3D spatial information and allowing for the high-resolution acquisition required for the detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of PC biogenesis and function.
Asunto(s)
Células Madre Pluripotentes Inducidas , Neocórtex , Animales , Diferenciación Celular/fisiología , Cilios/metabolismo , Proteínas Hedgehog/metabolismo , Humanos , Mamíferos/metabolismo , Organoides/metabolismoRESUMEN
Human pluripotent stem cells are a powerful tool to study development, to model diseases or as cellular substrates for drug screening. We generated a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) line from a healthy control donor. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from this donor were reprogrammed using integration-free Sendai virus. This cell line had normal karyotype, expressed pluripotency hallmarks and differentiated into the three primary germ layers.
Asunto(s)
Células Madre Pluripotentes Inducidas , Diferenciación Celular , Línea Celular , Humanos , Células Madre Pluripotentes Inducidas/metabolismo , Leucocitos Mononucleares , Virus Sendai/genéticaRESUMEN
Inositol polyphosphates are vital metabolic and secondary messengers, involved in diverse cellular functions. Therefore, tight regulation of inositol polyphosphate metabolism is essential for proper cell physiology. Here, we describe an early-onset neurodegenerative syndrome caused by loss-of-function mutations in the multiple inositol-polyphosphate phosphatase 1 gene (MINPP1). Patients are found to have a distinct type of Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia with typical basal ganglia involvement on neuroimaging. We find that patient-derived and genome edited MINPP1-/- induced stem cells exhibit an inefficient neuronal differentiation combined with an increased cell death. MINPP1 deficiency results in an intracellular imbalance of the inositol polyphosphate metabolism. This metabolic defect is characterized by an accumulation of highly phosphorylated inositols, mostly inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6), detected in HEK293 cells, fibroblasts, iPSCs and differentiating neurons lacking MINPP1. In mutant cells, higher IP6 level is expected to be associated with an increased chelation of intracellular cations, such as iron or calcium, resulting in decreased levels of available ions. These data suggest the involvement of IP6-mediated chelation on Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia disease pathology and thereby highlight the critical role of MINPP1 in the regulation of human brain development and homeostasis.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cerebelosas/metabolismo , Quelantes/metabolismo , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Ácido Fítico/metabolismo , Animales , Muerte Celular , Diferenciación Celular , Enfermedades Cerebelosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Cerebelosas/patología , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Técnicas de Inactivación de Genes , Células HEK293 , Homeostasis , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Mutación , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/metabolismo , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolasas/genética , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolasas/farmacología , Fosforilación , Células Madre/efectos de los fármacos , TranscriptomaRESUMEN
Mutation in STING1gene, which encodes stimulator of type I IFN gene (STING) leads to its constitutive activation and thereby to a severe vasculopathy and sometimes a lupus-like disease. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a patient carrying a rare heterozygous variant c.463G > A (resulting in a p.V155M substitution) in STING1. Cells from this patient, which were reprogrammed by non-integrative viral transduction, had normal karyotype, expressed pluripotency markers and were able to differentiate into the three germ cell layers.
RESUMEN
Human pluripotent stem cells offer a limitless source of cells for regenerative medicine. They are also highly valuable as tools to study development and pathologies or as cellular substrates to screen and test new drugs. We generated human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines from two unrelated healthy control donors. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from these donors were reprogrammed by non-integrative viral transduction, had normal karyotypes and expressed pluripotency hallmarks.
Asunto(s)
Células Madre Pluripotentes Inducidas , Línea Celular , Humanos , Leucocitos Mononucleares , Medicina RegenerativaRESUMEN
Mutations of SOX10 result in a broad range of phenotypes including Waardenburg syndrome (WS types 2 and 4) that can be found in association with peripheral demyelinating neuropathy and/or central dysmyelinating leukodystrophy. Here, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a patient carrying a de novo heterozygous missense mutation in the SOX10 gene (MIM* 602229, NM006941.3c.523C > G; p.Pro175Ala) presenting with deafness, depigmentation and progressive neurological impairment. Cells were reprogrammed by non-integrative viral transduction from blood sample, have normal karyotype, express pluripotency markers and are able to differentiate into the three germ cell layers.