The Influence of Anxiety on Postoperative Quality of Life Regarding Implant Treatments: An Epidemiological Study.

Dental treatment anxiety is highly prevalent worldwide. This is particularly important in the field of implantology since, in daily clinical practice, it translates into an increase in the difficulty of treatments, extending surgical times and having repercussions in the postoperative period. The aim of this multicentre, cross-sectional, epidemiological study was to determine the influence of anxiety levels in the postoperative period of an implant treatment on patients treated at two dental departments in Extremadura (Spain). To analyse anxiety levels, the modified Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale questionnaire was administered before surgical treatment. To analyse the postoperative period, another questionnaire was provided 7 days after surgery. The study was conducted on a total of 102 patients (55 men and 47 women), with a mean age of 47.99 years. The results indicated that patients with a high and severe degree of anxiety had a poorer quality of life in general. Patients with a higher degree of anxiety perceived greater swelling at 24, 48, 72 h and one week after surgery.

Dental Transmigration: An Observational Retrospective Study OF52 Mandibular Canines.

The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of transmigrated canines in a Spanish population by evaluating their clinical and radiological characteristics. The descriptive observational study obtained 6840 orthopantomographs from all patients seeking dental care in the years 2017-21 via the Patient Reception Service and Dentistry Service at the Faculty of Dentistry at the Complutense University of Madrid and the Central Hospital of the Red Cross of Madrid (Spain). In total, 52 patients presented transmigrated canines, establishing a prevalence of 0.76%. This sample comprised 28 women and 24 men. Whenever a transmigrated canine was identified, a CBCT scan was obtained and used to evaluate the clinical and radiological variables associated with canine transmigration. The predominant side of the transmigration was the left (57.69%) compared to the right side (42.30%). The position of the canine, in order of frequency, according to the Mupparapu classification, corresponded to type IV (42.30%), type II (36.53%), type I (15.38%), and type V (5.76%), with no type III transmigrations found. Clinical manifestations were only recorded in 17.30% of cases, and 11.53% of the radiological findings showed the presence of tooth cysts that were confirmed by histopathological studies. Other impactions, in addition to the transmigrated canine, were found in five patients (9.61%), with the majority being the presence of third molars.

Piperacillin-Tazobactam as an Adjuvant in the Mechanical Treatment of Patients with Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Study.

In this study, the aim was to evaluate the effects of the adjuvant piperacillin-tazobactam solution in the mechanical treatment of periodontitis. A single-blind split-mouth randomized study, it included 24 participants. All of them presented periodontitis stage III according to the 2018 World Workshop classification and the presence of at least one of the following periodontal pathogens: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Porphyromona gingivalis; Treponema denticola; Tannerella forsythia; Prevotella intermedia. The study established two groups: a control group (SRP: scaling and root planing) and a test group (SRP plus local piperacillin-tazobactam). The final recruitment included 11 women (45.8%) and 13 men (54.2%). The age range was between 25 and 72 years, and the mean age was 57 ± 10.20 years. Clinical controls were performed at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months, repeating the SRP and applying the piperacillin-tazobactam solution again at the 3-month appointment. The clinical attachment level decreased by a mean of 2.13 ± 0.17 mm from the baseline to 6 months in the test group versus 1.63 ± 0.18 mm in the control group. The mean probing pocket depth decreased from 1.32 ± 0.09 mm in the test group, versus from 0.96 ± 0.14 mm on the control side. The plaque index in the test group decreased by 0.46 ± 0.04, while it decreased by an average of 0.31 ± 0.04 in the control group. In conclusion, the local use of piperacillin-tazobactam as complementary therapy produces better clinical results in patients with periodontitis. However, these results are not maintained over time, and so a more persistent local application is necessary.

Anatomical variations and accessory structures in the maxilla in relation to implantological procedures: an observational retrospective study of 212 cases using cone-bean computed tomography.

PURPOSE: This study used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to analyze the prevalence of several maxillary anatomical/accessory structures, as well as variations within each type, assessing how accurate diagnosis can minimize the risk of intraoperative complications during implantological procedures in the oral cavity. METHODS: 212 CBCT scans of the maxilla were analyzed, captured over a period of 18 months for surgical planning purposes. The prevalence of posterior superior alveolar arteries (PSAA), maxillary sinus septa (MSS), and branches of the canalis sinuosus (CS) were evaluated, as were the diameter and location of each anatomical structure in horizontal and vertical planes. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: PSAAs were observed in 99.1% of cases, the intrasinus type being the most frequent; MSS were noted in 15.6% of the sample, mainly in the posterior region with sagittal orientation; CS branches were observed in 50% of patients, mainly in relation to the incisors and significantly more prevalent among males. CONCLUSIONS: The use of CBCT significantly increases the possibility of clearly identifying these anatomical structures. The differences found between patients highlight the importance of carrying out an exhaustive radiological study of the individual to prevent complications, such as Schneiderian membrane perforation, neurovascular damage or bleeding during surgery.

Analysis of the Radiological Changes of the Sinus Membrane Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography and Its Relationship with Dental Treatments. A Retrospective Study.

The aim of this study was to identify the most relevant dental factors and iatrogenic causes in the development of pathological changes to the sinus membrane and to analyse their possible influence on the development of odontogenic sinusitis. A descriptive, observational study was designed, with 276 patients who had been evaluated via cone beam computed tomography, analysing possible sinus thickening factors, such as apical infections, endodontic treatments, periodontitis, radicular cysts and impacted teeth, as well as iatrogenic factors caused by implant treatments or the development of oroantral communications produced during tooth extraction manoeuvres. Among the dental factors, periodontitis (47.1%), apical pathology (23.5%) and endodontic treatments (23.1%) were the predominant causes of sinus membrane thickening that most frequently produced an occupancy between 2 and 10 mm. Regarding the implant treatments, the placement of implants through the floor of the maxillary sinus was the main cause (9.8%), followed by sinus elevation techniques (6.2%). Dental extraction was the first cause of oroantral communication (5.0%), being the procedure that caused the greatest thickening of the sinus membrane. This study highlights the importance of dental treatments and iatrogenic factors in sinus pathology, and the need for diagnostic interrelations between the different specialists who address this pathology.

Clinical Evaluation of Dental Implants with a Double Acid-Etched Surface Treatment: A Cohort Observational Study with Up to 10-Year Follow-Up.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival and success rates of dental implants with a double acid-etched surface treatment with evaluation times up to 10 years post-loading. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at a hospital oral surgery and implantology unit. It included 111 dental implants with a double acid-etched surface. Three groups were created: Group 1 (1-3 years loading), Group 2 (3-5 years loading), and Group 3 (over 5 years loading). Probing depth, resonance frequency analysis (ISQ value), and marginal bone loss were evaluated. Results: The data obtained underwent statistical analysis. Overall, 78 patients were included in the study, who received, in total, 111 dental implants, all replacing single teeth. Mean probing depth was 3.03 mm and mean ISQ was 65.54. Regarding marginal bone loss, in Group 1, 67.6% of implants did not undergo any thread loss, in Group 2, 48.3%, and in Group 3, 59.6%; 59.10% of all implants did not present thread loss with a mean bone loss of 0.552 mm. The implant survival rate was 99.1%, and the success rate was 96.37%. Conclusions: Implants with a double acid-etched surface showed excellent success rates in terms of marginal bone loss, ISQ, and probing depth after up to 10 years of loading, making them a clinically predictable treatment option. Future studies are needed to compare this implant surface with other types in different restorative situations.

Surgical approach combining implantoplasty and reconstructive therapy with locally delivered antibiotic in the treatment of peri-implantitis: A prospective clinical case series.

BACKGROUND: Nonsurgical treatment, resective surgery, reconstructive surgery, or combined approaches have been proposed for the treatment of peri-implantitis, with variable results. PURPOSE: To evaluate the 1-year clinical and radiographic outcomes following combined resective and reconstructive surgical treatment with topical piperacillin/tazobactam antibiotic in the management of peri-implantitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-three patients diagnosed with peri-implantitis were included. Surgical treatment consisted of implantoplasty of the supra-crestal component of the defect, the application of a topical antibiotic solution over the implant surface, and subsequent reconstruction of the intra-osseous component of the peri-implant defect. The primary outcome was disease resolution, defined as the absence of bleeding on probing (BoP) and/or suppuration on probing (SoP), a peri-implant pocket probing depth (PPD) ≤5 mm, and no bone loss >0.5 mm 1 year after surgery. Secondary outcomes included changes in BoP, PPD, SoP, and peri-implant marginal bone levels. One implant per patient was included in the analysis. RESULTS: The treatment success rate of the 43 dental implants included in the study was 86% at 1 year after surgery. Mean PPD and BoP decreased from 6.41 ± 2.11 mm and 100% at baseline to 3.19 ± 0.99 mm (p < 0.001) and 14% (p < 0.001) at 1 year, respectively. SoP was significantly reduced from 48.8% at baseline to 0% 1 year after surgery (p < 0.001). Radiographically, a mean defect fill of 2.64 ± 1.59 mm was recorded (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of a resective and reconstructive surgical approach together with locally delivered antibiotic achieved a high disease resolution rate after 1 year of follow-up and constitutes a viable option for the management of peri-implantitis.

Calcium Phosphate Modified with Silicon vs. Bovine Hydroxyapatite for Alveolar Ridge Preservation: Densitometric Evaluation, Morphological Changes and Histomorphometric Study.

After tooth extraction, the alveolar bone undergoes a physiological resorption that may compromise the future placement of the implant in its ideal position. This study evaluated bone density, morphological changes, and histomorphometric results undergone by alveolar bone after applying a new biomaterial composed of calcium phosphate modified with silicon (CAPO-Si) compared with hydroxyapatite of bovine origin (BHA). Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) was performed in 24 alveoli, divided into a test group filled with CAPO-Si and a control group filled with BHA. Three months later, the mineral bone density obtained by the biomaterials, horizontal and vertical bone loss, the degree of alveolar corticalization, and histomorphometric results were evaluated. Both biomaterials presented similar behavior in terms of densitometric results, vertical bone loss, and degree of alveolar corticalization. Alveoli treated with CAPO-Si showed less horizontal bone loss in comparison with alveoli treated with BHA (0.99 ± 0.2 mm vs. 1.3 ± 0.3 mm), with statistically significant difference (p = 0.017). Histomorphometric results showed greater bone neoformation in the test group than the control group (23 ± 15% vs. 11 ± 7%) (p = 0.039) and less residual biomaterial (5 ± 10% vs. 17 ± 13%) (p = 0.043) with statistically significant differences. In conclusion, the ARP technique obtains better results with CAPO-Si than with BHA.

Manejo quirúrgico de la transmigración bilateral de caninos mandibulares. Reporte de caso / Surgical management of bilateral transmigration of mandibular canines. Case report

La transmigración se define como el fenómeno en el cual un diente incluido no erupcionado, traspasa en más de la mitad de su longitud la línea media. Es una anomalía poco frecuente y es aún más raro que ocurra de forma bilateral. Se presenta con mayor incidencia en los caninos mandibulares, en el sexo femenino, de forma unilateral, y siendo el canino izquierdo el más comúnmente afectado. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el manejo quirúrgico satisfactorio en un paciente varón de 16 años, asintomático, el cual presentaba a la exploración clínica intraoral ausencia de ambos caninos mandibulares permanentes y persistencia de canino temporal inferior izquierdo, acompañado de una ligera malposición dentaria. En la exploración radiográfica (panorámica), se observaron ambos caninos inferiores derecho e izquierdo, en posición horizontal, bajo los ápices de incisivos inferiores. Se procedió a la extracción quirúrgica de ambos caninos, transcurriendo el postoperatorio sin incidencias. Se realizaron controles periódicos y radiográficos satisfactorios a los seis meses. Palabras clave: Diente impactado; Migración del diente; Diente incluido; Canino (fuente: DeCS BIREME)

Transmigration is defined as the phenomenon in which an unerupted included tooth tran-scends the midline by more than half of its length. It is a rare anomaly and it is even more rare to occur bilaterally. It is presented with greater incidence in the mandibular canines, in the female sex, unilaterally, and the left canine being the most commonly affected. The objective of this study is to describe satisfactory surgical management in a 16-year-old asymptomatic male patient, which presented to the intraoral clinical examination absence of both permanent mandibular canines and temporary biscuspid persistence. Lower left, accompanied by a slight dental malposition. In the radiographic exploration (panoramic), both right and left lower canines were observed, in a horizontal position, under the lower incisor apexes. We proceeded to the surgical extraction of both canines, passing the post-operative period without incidents. Satisfactory periodic and radiographic controls were performed at six months. Keywords: Tooth, impacted; Tooth migration; Tooth, unerupted; Cuspid (source: MeSH NLM).

Comparison of peri-implant soft tissues in submerged versus transmucosal healing: A split mouth prospective immunohistochemical study.

OBJECTIVE: The present split-mouth prospective study involves an immunohistochemical evaluation of peri-implant soft tissue healing after the osseointegration period, comparing submerged and transmucosal approaches using two-piece implant systems. The null hypothesis was that both surgical procedures elicit a similar immune response of the peri-implant soft tissues. DESIGN: Thirty-one healthy patients were included in this study, in which two implants were placed in the right and left maxillary pre-molar regions. A total of 62 dental implants were analyzed, establishing a control side with 31 submerged implants, and a study side with 31 exposed implants bearing healing abutments. After a three-month healing period, a soft tissue biopsy was collected and prepared for immunohistochemical analysis of the proportions of different lymphocyte subpopulations. RESULTS: The comparative analysis between the submerged and transmucosal approaches failed to identify statistically significant differences in CD19+ B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD25+ T cells or γd T cells. However, significant differences in NK lymphocytes (p = 0.012) were recorded with the submerged surgical procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Peri-implant soft tissue immune response with submerged or transmucosal healing protocols demonstrated comparable outcomes after the osseointegration period. There is sufficient evidence that the null hypothesis of no difference cannot be rejected. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind. Further research is therefore needed to further clarify the role of these lymphocyte subpopulations in peri-implant soft tissues.

Clinical and radiographic evaluation of implants placed by means of inferior alveolar nerve lateralization: a 5-year follow-up study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical and radiological responses of implants placed in combination with inferior alveolar nerve lateralization, analyzing survival and success rates over 5 years functional loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective, longitudinal, single-center study recruited 40 patients with mandibular atrophy in the posterior sectors, who underwent lateralization of the inferior alveolar nerve. Three months after surgery and implant placement, the implants were loaded by means of screw-retained implant-supported partial prostheses or fixed complete prostheses. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed immediately after implant placement and at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60-month follow-up visits. RESULTS: The 40 patients received a total of 129 implants (Phibo TSA™ , Phibo Dental Solutions, Sentmenat, Barcelona, Spain). Two implants were lost in the first month after surgery, generating an implant cumulative survival rate (CSR) of 98.44%. The success rate after 5 years of loading was 98.44%. No intra-operative or postoperative soft tissue or prosthetic complications occurred during the 5-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Inferior alveolar nerve lateralization performed to allow placement of (Phibo TSA™ ) implants in patients with mandibular atrophy obtained predictable clinical and radiological results over five years of functional loading.

Dental considerations in diagnosis of maxillary sinus carcinoma: A patient series of 24 cases.

BACKGROUND: Maxillary sinus carcinoma is a rare entity with an incidence of 0.2% and a low patient survival rate due to the frequency of late diagnosis. METHODS: In this multicenter, transversal, retrospective, observational study, the authors analyzed patients who had received a diagnosis of maxillary sinus carcinoma, registering their oral symptoms, histologic type, treatment efficacy, and survival rate. RESULTS: Maxillary sinus carcinoma was diagnosed in 24 patients (15 men and 9 women), of which 75% were squamous cell carcinomas. All patients had dental mobility, and some had swelling, orosinus fistula, or some dental loss. Mean patient survival rate was 38.83 months. CONCLUSIONS: A history of pain or swelling of unknown origin, an unexplained widening of periodontal ligament space, or mobility of the teeth should be considered warning signs of maxillary sinus carcinoma. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Recognition of oral symptoms by the dentist would help in making an early diagnosis of maxillary sinus carcinoma, improving the patient's chances of survival and quality of life.

Does the postoperative administration of antibiotics reduce the symptoms of lower third molar removal? A randomized double blind clinical study.

BACKGROUND: To date there is little scientific evidence that clarifies the therapeutic effect of antibiotics for managing the postoperative symptoms of impacted third molar surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic treatment for reducing non-infectious clinical symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patient data was collected from the patients´ medical records and the results were statistically evaluated with SPSS versión 21.0; SPSS, IBM; Chicago, IL, USA). This longitudinal prospective study consisted of a randomized simple-blind clinical assay of 293 patients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry at the Complutense University of Madrid (Spain). The predictive variable evaluated was the effect of antibiotic treatment on non-infectious symptoms after third molar extraction. The variables evaluated were pain, swelling, and oral aperture. RESULTS: The 293 patients were divided into 2 groups: a control group of 147 patients treated with analgesics and anti-inflammatories after surgery and a study group of 146 patients, who were also administered antibiotics. Better outcomes were observed in the study group treated with antibiotics. Pain, swelling and oral aperture variables presented better results in the antibiotic group with statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that antibiotic administration decreases the post-operative non-infectious clinical symptoms of impacted third molar surgery. However, the prolonged administration of antibiotics had no real medical indications to justify their use and can cause serious health problems in the long term. Key words:Antibiotic, post-operative, impacted lower third molar.

Relation between diagnosis of atheromatous plaque from orthopantomographs and cardiovascular risk factors. A study of cases and control subjects.

BACKGROUND: In recent years the use of orthopantomography has been proposed as a low-cost, reliable and non-invasive diagnostic medium for detecting atheromatous plaque. The purpose of this study was to correlate the presence of carotid calcifications (atheroma) in orthopantomographs with specific risk factors for cerebrovascular accidents (previous cerebrovascular accidents, arterial hypertension, and diabetes). PATIENT AND METHODS: The methods used in this observational study of cases and control subjects followed STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology) recommendations. The study analyzed a total of 1,602 panoramic radiographs taken for dental diagnostic purposes between January 2010 and February 2014. The main variables analyzed were the incidence of atheromatous plaque and other cardiovascular risk factors. Epidat 3.1 statistical software was used to determine minimum sample sizes and the results were analyzed using PASW (Predictive Analytics Software) Statistics 10.0.0. RESULTS: For all the variables analyzed, the correlation between radiographic detection of atheromatous plaque and the presence of cardiovascular disease risk factors was found to be statistically significant (RR>1.5). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of cardiovascular risk factors is related to the incidence of radiopaque lesions at the carotid artery bifurcation, indicating the presence of atheromatous plaque.

Prosthetic hygiene and functional efficacy in completely edentulous patients: satisfaction and quality of life during a 5-year follow-up.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare satisfaction with function and hygiene maintenance in completely edentulous elderly patients rehabilitated with implant-supported fixed prostheses, overdentures, and conventional prostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 150 geriatric patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 (CD) patients rehabilitated with complete dentures; Group 2 (FP) patients with implant-supported fixed prostheses; Group 3 (OD) patients with overdentures. The patients responded to a questionnaire based on the Oral Health Impact Profile and the Dental Impact Profile to evaluate satisfaction with their prostheses. Data were analyzed using ANOVA F and the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test, with significance established as P < 0.05. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the three groups. For oral hygiene, the group with overdentures showed better results, and the group with fixed prostheses was more satisfied with function. CONCLUSIONS: Satisfaction among these completely edentulous patients varied in relation to prosthetic type. The level of general satisfaction among patients with implant-supported prostheses was greater than the group using conventional dentures. Patients rehabilitated with fixed prostheses enjoyed a higher level of satisfaction than patients with overdentures.

Peri-implant tissue reactions to immediate nonocclusal loaded implants with different collar design: an experimental study in dogs.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate bone remodelling and soft tissue reactions around immediate nonocclusal loaded implants with different collar configuration in beagle dogs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The mandibular bilateral second, third and fourth premolars of six beagle dogs were extracted. After 3 months of healing, four implants were placed in the mandibles of each dog. Randomly, two implants with a 1.5 mm polished surface collar (TSA, control group) and two implants with a 0.7 mm polished surface collar and 2.5 mm microthreaded area (TSAA, test group) were inserted. Both groups were treated with a minimal mucoperiosteal flap elevation approach. Impressions were taken and two single screw-retained restorations were inserted in each hemi-mandible 2 days after the implant placement. The animals were sacrificed at 1, 2 and 3 months (two specimens each), and biopsies were obtained. Samples were processed for ground sectioning. Histomorphometric analysis was carried out to compare buccal and lingual bone height loss and soft tissue behaviour between the two groups. RESULTS: Crestal bone resorption was significantly higher in the control group (P > 0.05). The establishment of the biological width showed similar outcomes for both groups. Only the distance from the top of the peri-implant mucosa to the apical portion of the barrier epithelium at lingual aspect was significantly more pronounced in the control group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The alterations that occurred in the peri-implant tissues were related to the adaptation that occurred after the loading conditions in both groups. The microthread design might have an effect in maintaining the marginal bone loss against loading.

Impact of prosthetic rehabilitation type on satisfaction of completely edentulous patients. A 5-year prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction of rehabilitated edentulous patients in relation to implant prosthetic type. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 40 completely edentulous patients wearing conventional prostheses. They were divided into two study groups: Group A contained 20 patients rehabilitated with implant-supported fixed prostheses and Group B contained 20 patients with overdentures. Subjects were evaluated by means of a specially designed questionnaire before treatment and after 1, 3 and 5 years. RESULTS: Group A exhibited better results in terms of esthetics, function and personal satisfaction, although without statistically significant differences. However, statistically significant differences were found within parameters of oral hygiene after 1 year in favor of Group B. CONCLUSIONS: Overall satisfaction was seen to increase after implant rehabilitation, regardless of the type of prosthesis used. The satisfaction of edentulous patients differs depending on prosthetic type. Patients rehabilitated with fixed prostheses obtain a generally higher level of satisfaction than patients wearing overdentures.

Ultrastructural study by backscattered electron imaging and elemental microanalysis of bone-to-biomaterial interface and mineral degradation of porcine xenografts used in maxillary sinus floor elevation.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to carry out an ultrastructural study of the biomaterial-to-bone interface and biomaterial mineral degradation in retrieved bone biopsies following maxillary sinus augmentation using collagenized porcine xenografts (Osteobiol(®) Mp3) in 15 clinical cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine months after sinus lifting, bone cores were harvested from the maxillary sinus. The specimens were processed for observation under a scanning electron microscope with backscattered electron imaging (SEM-BSE). In addition, chemical analysis and elemental mapping of the mineral composition were generated using a microanalytical system based on energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). RESULTS: No clinical complications were evident during surgery. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that newly formed bone had become closely attached to the xenograft. Statistical analysis showed a significantly high Ca/P ratio in the biomaterial (2.46 ± 0.16) and at the bone interface (2.00 ± 0.48) compared to bone (1.97 ± 0.36), which suggests that there may be a gradual diffusion of Ca ions from the biomaterial into the newly forming bone at the interface as part of the biomaterial's resorption process. EDX analysis of the residual porcine biomaterial at different points showed some particle categories with different mean ratios of Ca/P according to size, pointing to different stages of the resorption process. CONCLUSIONS: The biomaterial proved to be biocompatible, bioreabsorbable and osteoconductive when used as a bone substitute for maxillary sinus elevation. SEM-BSE revealed that newly formed bone had become closely attached to the xenografts. EDX analysis monitored the resorption process of the porcine bone xenograft. Elemental mapping showed that there was a gradual diffusion of Ca ions from the biomaterial to the newly forming bone at the interface.

Nonsyndromic multiple hyperdontia in a series of 13 patients: epidemiologic and clinical considerations.

BACKGROUND: The authors conducted a retrospective-casuistic study to determine the prevalence of nonsyndromic multiple hyperdontia in a sample of the population of Madrid, as well as possible complications associated with the presence of such supernumerary teeth. METHODS: The study included a data assessment of all patients seeking dental care at a hospital's department of oral surgery across four years. The authors studied data from patients who had nonsyndromic multiple hyperdontia. We used univariate and bivariate analysis to make comparisions between variables. RESULTS: The authors identified nonsyndromic multiple hyperdontia in the records of 13 patients (0.1 percent) of the total population studied. These patients had 55 supernumerary teeth. Premolars were the most frequently seen type of supernumerary tooth and constituted 45.5 percent of the sample. CONCLUSIONS: Nonsyndromic multiple hyperdontia usually is diagnosed as a coincidental radiographic finding in the course of routine examination rather than as the result of an associated disease. However, the authors found a higher percentage of comorbidity than they initially expected; mechanical or obstructive pathology was associated with 20.0 percent of the supernumerary teeth and enlargement of the follicular sac of more than 3 millimeters was present in 23.6 percent of the sample. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The early diagnosis and follow-up of patients with multiple supernumerary teeth should help clinicians prevent the diseases associated with this kind of hyperodontia.

Clinical epidemiological analysis of 173 supernumerary molars.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of supernumerary molars in a sector of the population of Madrid, as well as the possible complications associated with the presence of hypergenetic molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive study was carried out, which included a data assessment of all patients (13557) seeking dental care at a hospital's department of oral surgery across 4 years. The proposed methodology consisted of preparing a medical record in order to obtain data on the medical record number, age and sex of the patient, radiological findings such as location and type of supernumerary molar, retained/erupted molar, related accidents and tooth morphology. RESULTS: Supernumerary molars were found to be present in 130 patients, representing a prevalence of 0.96% of the total population studied. These patients had a total of 173 hypergenetic molars, consisting of 137 distomolars and 36 paramolars Mechanical-obstructive pathology was associated with 28.9%, whereas enlargement of the follicular sack bigger than 3 mm was present in 16.2% of the sample. CONCLUSION: Supernumerary molars are usually diagnosed as a coincidental radiological finding without any associated pathology. However a higher percentage of comorbidity was found than initially expected.