RESUMEN
Accurate lymph node (LN) retrieval during colorectal carcinoma resection is pivotal for precise N-staging and the determination of adjuvant therapy. Current guidelines recommend the examination of at least 12 mesocolic or mesorectal lymph nodes for accurate staging. Traditional histological processing techniques, reliant on visual inspection and palpation, are time-consuming and heavily dependent on the examiner's expertise and availability. Various methods have been documented to enhance LN retrieval from colorectal specimens, including intra-arterial ex vivo methylene blue injection. Recent studies have explored the utility of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging for visualizing pericolic lymph nodes and identifying sentinel lymph nodes in colorectal malignancies. This study included 10 patients who underwent colon resection for malignant tumors. During surgery, intravenous ICG dye and an endoscopic camera were employed to assess intestinal perfusion. Post-resection, ex vivo intra-arterial administration of ICG dye was performed on the specimens, followed by routine histological processing and an ICG-assisted lymph node dissection. The objective was to evaluate whether ICG imaging could identify additional lymph nodes compared to routine manual dissection and to assess the clinical relevance of these findings. For each patient, a minimum of 12 lymph nodes (median = 25.5, interquartile range = 12.25, maximum = 33) were examined. ICG imaging facilitated the detection of a median of three additional lymph nodes not identified during routine processing. Metastatic lymph nodes were found in four patients however no additional metastatic nodes were detected with ICG assistance. Our findings suggest that ex vivo intra-arterial administration of indocyanine green dye can augment lymph node dissection, particularly in cases where the number of lymph nodes retrieved is below the recommended threshold of 12.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales , Estudios de Factibilidad , Verde de Indocianina , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático , Ganglios Linfáticos , Humanos , Verde de Indocianina/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Colorrectales/cirugía , Proyectos Piloto , Femenino , Masculino , Anciano , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Ganglios Linfáticos/diagnóstico por imagen , Persona de Mediana Edad , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático/métodos , Metástasis Linfática/patología , Metástasis Linfática/diagnóstico por imagen , Colorantes , Fluorescencia , Imagen Óptica/métodos , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Colorantes Fluorescentes/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Neurons expressing VIP/PHI precursor mRNA have been localized in the interstitial nucleus of Cajal. Unilateral surgical cut through the medial forebrain bundle failed to influence VIP/PHI mRNA expression in the Cajal nucleus while brainstem hemisection or unilateral transection of the medial longitudinal fascicle reduced it markedly, ipsilateral to the knife cuts. Thus, in contrast to forebrain projecting VIP neurons in the rostral periaqueductal gray, VIP/PHI neurons in the Cajal nucleus project downwards, to the lower brainstem.