Retraction: Down-regulation of MRPS23 inhibits LPS-induced proliferation and invasion via regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in osteosarcoma cells.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1039/C8RA08973F.].

Pattern Recognition Analysis of Metabolites in Escherichia coli Based on ESI-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry.

To achieve rapid detection of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli strains, a pattern recognition method based on electrospray ionization Orbitrap mass spectrometry (ESI-Orbitrap MS) was used for the analysis of drug-resistant, and sensitive strains of metabolites were analyzed. Results of five clustering methods applied to analytical data of metabolites were evaluated using iso-phenotypic coefficients. The effectiveness of three methods, principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), was compared. Univariate statistics such as t-test and fold change were also used to examine the screened differential information. Both PLS-DA and OPLS-DA could achieve rapid identification of strain classes, and OPLS-DA was more powerful in screening 96 significantly different ions. This work is expected to be useful for rapid and accurate identification of strains.

Genetic Analysis of a Case of Sotos Syndrome with Suspected Germinal Mosaicism in Mother.

This study is to identify the pathogenic mutation of a child with Sots syndrome and provide prenatal diagnosis for his pregnant mother. Chromosome microarray technology was used to detect whether there were minor deletions/duplication in patients' chromosomes. The gene mutation of patients was screened by next-generation sequencing technology, and it was verified by Sanger sequencing. Prenatal diagnosis of the fetus was conducted according to the selected pathogenic sites, and genetic counseling was conducted for her parents. Chromosome microarray results showed that there was no minor deletion in a chromosome 5q35 region, and the second-generation sequencing results showed that there was a c.4138delG heterozygous mutation in the patient's NSD1 gene, and the pathogenic of this mutation was not reported in related databases. Sanger sequencing found that there was a c.4138delG heterozygous mutation in the NSD1 gene of the patient and her parents' genotype at this locus was wild type. The prenatal gene test results indicated that there was heterozygous mutation of NSD1 gene c.4138delG in the fetus, so it was suggested to terminate the pregnancy. Gentling results indicated that the fetus and the patient inherited the same maternal chromosome 5. The heterozygous mutation of NSD1 gene c.4138delG is the pathogenic mutation of this Sots syndrome patient, and the mother may be germinal mosaicism.

Rapid Identification of Polypeptide from Carbapenem-Resistant and Susceptible Escherichia coli via Orbitrap-MS and Pattern Recognition Analyses.

A rapid and accurate analytical method was established to identify CREC and CSEC. Orbitrap-MS was used to detect the polypeptide of CREC and CSEC strains, and MS data were analyzed by pattern recognition analyses such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). HCA based on the farthest distance method could well distinguish the two types of E. coli, and the cophenetic correlation coefficient of the farthest distance method was 0.901. Comparing the results of PCA, PLS-DA, and OPLS-DA, OPLS-DA exhibited the highest accuracy in predicting the CREC and CSEC strains. A total of 26 compounds were identified, and six of the compounds were the highly significant difference between the two types of strains. MS combined with pattern recognition can achieve a more comprehensive and efficient statistical analysis of complex biological samples.

Down-regulation of MRPS23 inhibits LPS-induced proliferation and invasion via regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in osteosarcoma cells.

Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S23 (MRPS23), encoded by a nuclear gene, is a participant in the translation of mitochondrial proteins. Recently, MRPS23 has been reported to be overexpressed in many types of cancers and have a close association with cancer progression. However, the specific roles of MRPS23 in osteosarcoma (OS) remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern and biological functions of MRPS23 in OS cells. Our results demonstrated that MRPS23 was up-regulated in OS tissues and cell lines. Down-regulation of MRPS23 significantly inhibited OS cell proliferation and invasion induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. Furthermore, the in vivo experiments showed that MRPS23 down-regulation markedly suppressed OS cell growth and metastasis induced by LPS. Mechanistically, down-regulation of MRPS23 inhibited the activity of NF-κB signaling pathway in OS cells. In conclusion, these findings indicated that MRPS23 may be a potential therapeutic target for OS treatment.

Evaluation of the genetic parameters and mutation analysis of 22 STR loci in the central Chinese Han population.

At present, the Han nationality is China's main ethnic group and also the most populous nation in the world. This is a great resource to study microsatellite mutations and for the study of ethnogeny. The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic polymorphisms and mutations of 22 autosomal STR loci in 2475 individuals from Henan province, China. DNA is amplified and genotyped using PowerPlex™24 system. The gene frequencies, forensic parameters, and the mutation rate of the 22 STR loci are analyzed. A total of 295 alleles are observed in this Henan Han population, and the allelic frequencies ranged from 0.0003 to 0.5036. In order to investigate the genetic relationships between the Henan Han and the other 14 different populations, our present data were compared with previously published data for the same 15 STR loci. The results indicated that the Henan Han had closer genetic relationships the groups including Minnan Han, Maonan, Yi and Guangdong Han groups while the South morocco population, the Moroccan population, the Malay group, and the Uigur stand away from Henan Han. Except of D2S441, D13S317, PentaE, D2S1338, D5S818, TPOX and D19S433, the mutation events are found in the other 15 STR loci. A total of 40 mutation events are observed in the 15 STR loci. The mutation rates are ranged from 0 to 4.85 × 10-3. In this study, 39 mutations are single-step mutations, and only one at FGA comprised two steps. STR mutation is commonly existed in paternity testing, while there are no STR mutation studies of the 22 STR loci in the Henan Han population. It is of great importance in forensic individual discrimination and paternal testing.

[Multiple analysis of relationship between morphologic traits and yield formation of Anoectochilus roxburghii].

Nine morphologic traits, plant height, ground diameter, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area of plant, leaf fresh weight, blades, length/width ratio, plant fresh weight of Anoectochilus roxburghii from 13 different areas were determined for correlation analysis, path analysis and principal components analysis. Different source of morphological trait variation coefficient of A. roxburghii was 2.96% -12.59%, plant fresh weight was significant positively correlated with ground diameter, plant height and leaf number, and positively correlated with leaf fresh weight. Path analysis showed that plant height had the largest positive direct effect on plant fresh weight, the leaf fresh weight and blades number had indirect effects on the plant fresh weight. Through principal component analysis, morphological traits of A. roxburghii can be divided into "Determinants of high-yielding morphology" and "Determinants of leaf production". In the actual process of production and breeding of A. roxburghii, we should pay attention to plant height, leaf fresh weight, blades numbers and other traits.

[Effects of different transplanting conditions on survival rate and growing status of Anoictochilus roxburghii plantlets].

The growing status of Anoectochilus roxburghii seedling was observed and the survival rate of seedlings, height, stem diameter and plant fresh weight under the conditions of different transplanting substrate compositions, planting density, shading rate were measured. The results showed that the effects of different transplanting substrates, planting densities, shading rates and nutrient solutions on the growing status of A. roxburghii plantlets varied greatly. A. roxburghii plantlets demonstrated a high survival rate and better growing status under the Following conditions: the ratio of peat and river sand as 2: 1, the planting density as 3 cm x 3 cm, the shading rate as 70%, and the nutrient solution as 1/4MS. The findings of the study provide a solid technical solution for the artificial cultivation of A. roxburghii plantlets.

Automatic estimation and removal of noise from a single image.

Image denoising algorithms often assume an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) process that is independent of the actual RGB values. Such approaches are not fully automatic and cannot effectively remove color noise produced by todays CCD digital camera. In this paper, we propose a unified framework for two tasks: automatic estimation and removal of color noise from a single image using piecewise smooth image models. We introduce the noise level function (NLF), which is a continuous function describing the noise level as a function of image brightness. We then estimate an upper bound of the real noise level function by fitting a lower envelope to the standard deviations of per-segment image variances. For denoising, the chrominance of color noise is significantly removed by projecting pixel values onto a line fit to the RGB values in each segment. Then, a Gaussian conditional random field (GCRF) is constructed to obtain the underlying clean image from the noisy input. Extensive experiments are conducted to test the proposed algorithm, which is shown to outperform state-of-the-art denoising algorithms.