RESUMEN
To search for sequence variants conferring risk of nonmedullary thyroid cancer, we focused our analysis on 22 SNPs with a P < 5 × 10(-8) in a genome-wide association study on levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in 27,758 Icelanders. Of those, rs965513 has previously been shown to associate with thyroid cancer. The remaining 21 SNPs were genotyped in 561 Icelandic individuals with thyroid cancer (cases) and up to 40,013 controls. Variants suggestively associated with thyroid cancer (P < 0.05) were genotyped in an additional 595 non-Icelandic cases and 2,604 controls. After combining the results, three variants were shown to associate with thyroid cancer: rs966423 on 2q35 (OR = 1.34; P(combined) = 1.3 × 10(-9)), rs2439302 on 8p12 (OR = 1.36; P(combined) = 2.0 × 10(-9)) and rs116909374 on 14q13.3 (OR = 2.09; P(combined) = 4.6 × 10(-11)), a region previously reported to contain an uncorrelated variant conferring risk of thyroid cancer. A strong association (P = 9.1 × 10(-91)) was observed between rs2439302 on 8p12 and expression of NRG1, which encodes the signaling protein neuregulin 1, in blood.
Asunto(s)
Cromosomas Humanos Par 14/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 2/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 8/genética , Sitios Genéticos/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/genética , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/genética , Tirotropina/metabolismo , Variación Genética , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Genotipo , Humanos , Islandia , Neurregulina-1/sangre , Neurregulina-1/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genéticaRESUMEN
Three genome-wide association studies in Europe and the USA have reported eight urinary bladder cancer (UBC) susceptibility loci. Using extended case and control series and 1000 Genomes imputations of 5 340 737 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we searched for additional loci in the European GWAS. The discovery sample set consisted of 1631 cases and 3822 controls from the Netherlands and 603 cases and 37 781 controls from Iceland. For follow-up, we used 3790 cases and 7507 controls from 13 sample sets of European and Iranian ancestry. Based on the discovery analysis, we followed up signals in the urea transporter (UT) gene SLC14A. The strongest signal at this locus was represented by a SNP in intron 3, rs17674580, that reached genome-wide significance in the overall analysis of the discovery and follow-up groups: odds ratio = 1.17, P = 7.6 × 10(-11). SLC14A1 codes for UTs that define the Kidd blood group and are crucial for the maintenance of a constant urea concentration gradient in the renal medulla and, through this, the kidney's ability to concentrate urine. It is speculated that rs17674580, or other sequence variants in LD with it, indirectly modifies UBC risk by affecting urine production. If confirmed, this would support the 'urogenous contact hypothesis' that urine production and voiding frequency modify the risk of UBC.
Asunto(s)
Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/genética , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/genética , Población Blanca/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Cromosomas Humanos Par 18/genética , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Sitios Genéticos/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto Joven , Transportadores de UreaRESUMEN
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 3 genomic regions, at 15q24-25.1, 5p15.33, and 6p21.33, which associate with the risk of lung cancer. Large meta-analyses of GWA data have failed to find additional associations of genome-wide significance. In this study, we sought to confirm 7 variants with suggestive association to lung cancer (P < 10(-5)) in a recently published meta-analysis. In a GWA dataset of 1,447 lung cancer cases and 36,256 controls in Iceland, 3 correlated variants on 15q15.2 (rs504417, rs11853991, and rs748404) showed a significant association with lung cancer, whereas rs4254535 on 2p14, rs1530057 on 3p24.1, rs6438347 on 3q13.31, and rs1926203 on 10q23.31 did not. The most significant variant, rs748404, was genotyped in an additional 1,299 lung cancer cases and 4,102 controls from the Netherlands, Spain, and the United States and the results combined with published GWAS data. In this analysis, the T allele of rs748404 reached genome-wide significance (OR = 1.15, P = 1.1 × 10(-9)). Another variant at the same locus, rs12050604, showed association with lung cancer (OR = 1.09, 3.6 × 10(-6)) and remained significant after adjustment for rs748404 and vice versa. rs748404 is located 140 kb centromeric of the TP53BP1 gene that has been implicated in lung cancer risk. Two fully correlated, nonsynonymous coding variants in TP53BP1, rs2602141 (Q1136K) and rs560191 (E353D) showed association with lung cancer in our sample set; however, this association did not remain significant after adjustment for rs748404. Our data show that 1 or more lung cancer risk variants of genome-wide significance and distinct from the coding variants in TP53BP1 are located at 15q15.2.
Asunto(s)
Cromosomas Humanos Par 15 , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiología , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Cromosomas Humanos Par 15/genética , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Genotipo , Humanos , Islandia/epidemiología , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiología , Masculino , Metaanálisis como Asunto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Países Bajos/epidemiología , Polimorfismo Genético/fisiología , Factores de Riesgo , España/epidemiología , Proteína 1 de Unión al Supresor Tumoral P53 , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Previously, we reported germline DNA variants associated with risk of urinary bladder cancer (UBC) in Dutch and Icelandic subjects. Here we expanded the Icelandic sample set and tested the top 20 markers from the combined analysis in several European case-control sample sets, with a total of 4,739 cases and 45,549 controls. The T allele of rs798766 on 4p16.3 was found to associate with UBC (odds ratio = 1.24, P = 9.9 x 10(-12)). rs798766 is located in an intron of TACC3, 70 kb from FGFR3, which often harbors activating somatic mutations in low-grade, noninvasive UBC. Notably, rs798766[T] shows stronger association with low-grade and low-stage UBC than with more aggressive forms of the disease and is associated with higher risk of recurrence in low-grade stage Ta tumors. The frequency of rs798766[T] is higher in Ta tumors that carry an activating mutation in FGFR3 than in Ta tumors with wild-type FGFR3. Our results show a link between germline variants, somatic mutations of FGFR3 and risk of UBC.
Asunto(s)
Cromosomas Humanos Par 4 , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Variación Genética , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/genética , Alelos , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Europa (Continente) , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Genéticos , Mutación , Receptor Tipo 3 de Factor de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/genética , Recurrencia , Riesgo , FumarRESUMEN
In a follow-up to our previously reported genome-wide association study of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC), we describe here several new susceptibility variants. SNP rs11170164, encoding a G138E substitution in the keratin 5 (KRT5) gene, affects risk of BCC (OR = 1.35, P = 2.1 x 10(-9)). A variant at 9p21 near CDKN2A and CDKN2B also confers susceptibility to BCC (rs2151280[C]; OR = 1.19, P = 6.9 x 10(-9)), as does rs157935[T] at 7q32 near the imprinted gene KLF14 (OR = 1.23, P = 5.7 x 10(-10)). The effect of rs157935[T] is dependent on the parental origin of the risk allele. None of these variants were found to be associated with melanoma or fair-pigmentation traits. A melanoma- and pigmentation-associated variant in the SLC45A2 gene, L374F, is associated with risk of both BCC and squamous cell carcinoma. Finally, we report conclusive evidence that rs401681[C] in the TERT-CLPTM1L locus confers susceptibility to BCC but protects against melanoma.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Basocelular/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Neoplasias Cutáneas/genética , Carcinoma Basocelular/complicaciones , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 7/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 9/genética , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/complicaciones , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/genética , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Humanos , Queratina-5/genética , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento/genética , Melanoma/patología , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias Cutáneas/complicacionesRESUMEN
The common sequence variants that have recently been associated with cancer risk are particular to a single cancer type or at most two. Following up on our genome-wide scan of basal cell carcinoma, we found that rs401681[C] on chromosome 5p15.33 satisfied our threshold for genome-wide significance (OR = 1.25, P = 3.7 x 10(-12)). We tested rs401681 for association with 16 additional cancer types in over 30,000 cancer cases and 45,000 controls and found association with lung cancer (OR = 1.15, P = 7.2 x 10(-8)) and urinary bladder, prostate and cervix cancer (ORs = 1.07-1.31, all P < 4 x 10(-4)). However, rs401681[C] seems to confer protection against cutaneous melanoma (OR = 0.88, P = 8.0 x 10(-4)). Notably, most of these cancer types have a strong environmental component to their risk. Investigation of the region led us to rs2736098[A], which showed stronger association with some cancer types. However, neither variant could fully account for the association of the other. rs2736098 corresponds to A305A in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) protein and rs401681 is in an intron of the CLPTM1L gene.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Telomerasa/genética , Anciano , Carcinoma Basocelular/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Humanos , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/fisiología , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo , Neoplasias Cutáneas/genéticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To find sequence variants that associate with the risk for ischemic stroke (IS), we performed a genome-wide association study. METHODS: We genotyped 1,661 Icelandic IS patients and 10,815 control subjects using the Infinium HumanHap300 chip (Illumina, San Diego, CA). A total of 310,881 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested for association with IS, and the most significant signals were replicated in two large European IS sample sets (2,224 cases/2,583 control subjects). Two SNPs, rs2200733 and rs10033464, were tested further in additional European IS samples (2,327 patients and 16,760 control subjects). RESULTS: In the Icelandic samples and the two replication sets combined, rs2200733 associated significantly with cardioembolic stroke (CES) (odds ratio [OR], 1.54; p = 8.05 x 10(-9)). No other variants associated with IS or any of its subtypes. rs2200733 associated significantly with IS in all sample sets combined (OR, 1.26; p = 2.18 x 10(-10)), and both rs2200733 and its neighbour, rs10033464 associated strongly with CES (rs2200733: OR, 1.52; p = 5.8 x 10(-12); rs10033464: OR, 1.27; p = 6.1 x 10(-4)). Interestingly, rs2200733 also showed significant association to IS not classified as CES. INTERPRETATION: We discovered that variants previously shown to associate with atrial fibrillation (AF), rs2200733 and rs10033464, significantly associated with IS, with the strongest risk for CES. The association with noncardiogenic stroke is intriguing and suggests that atrial fibrillation may be underdiagnosed in patients presenting with stroke. This discovery may have implications for workup and treatment of IS.
Asunto(s)
Fibrilación Atrial/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 4 , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Accidente Cerebrovascular/genética , Fibrilación Atrial/complicaciones , Intervalos de Confianza , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Oportunidad Relativa , Fenotipo , Factores de Riesgo , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Población Blanca/genéticaRESUMEN
We conducted a genome-wide association study for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Icelandic cases and controls, and we found that a previously described variant in the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene (TCF7L2) gene conferred the most significant risk. In addition to confirming two recently identified risk variants, we identified a variant in the CDKAL1 gene that was associated with T2D in individuals of European ancestry (allele-specific odds ratio (OR) = 1.20 (95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.27), P = 7.7 x 10(-9)) and individuals from Hong Kong of Han Chinese ancestry (OR = 1.25 (1.11-1.40), P = 0.00018). The genotype OR of this variant suggested that the effect was substantially stronger in homozygous carriers than in heterozygous carriers. The ORs for homozygotes were 1.50 (1.31-1.72) and 1.55 (1.23-1.95) in the European and Hong Kong groups, respectively. The insulin response for homozygotes was approximately 20% lower than for heterozygotes or noncarriers, suggesting that this variant confers risk of T2D through reduced insulin secretion.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Resistencia a la Insulina/genética , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genética , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Adulto , Glucemia/metabolismo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genoma Humano , Humanos , Insulina/metabolismo , Secreción de Insulina , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Transcripción TCF/genética , Proteína 1 Similar al Factor de Transcripción 7 , Proteína 2 Similar al Factor de Transcripción 7RESUMEN
Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) results from atherosclerosis of large and medium peripheral arteries, as well as the aorta, and has many risk factors, including smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. PAOD often coexists with coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease. Cross-matching a population-based list of Icelandic patients with PAOD who had undergone angiography and/or revascularization procedures with a genealogy database of the entire Icelandic nation defined 116 extended families containing 272 patients. A genomewide scan with microsatellite markers revealed significant linkage to chromosome 1p31 with an allele-sharing LOD score of 3.93 (P=1.04 x 10(-5)). We designate this locus as "PAOD1." Subtracting 35 patients with a history of stroke increased the LOD score to 4.93. This suggests that, although PAOD and other vascular diseases share risk factors, genetic factors specific to subtypes of vascular disease may exist.