[The surgical treatment of congenital preauricular fistula].

The present paper describes the newly developed classification of congenital parotid fistulas that distinguishes between 4 forms of these entities depending on the shape and the size of the canal. A total of 61 patients at the age from 7 to 80 years presenting with congenital parotid fistulas were available for the observation during the period from 1985 to 2011. Twenty seven (44.2%) patients underwent surgery for the excision of congenital parotid fistulas under local anesthesia. A 7-year old child and a 17-year old girl were treated by the same method using intravenous calypsol narcosis. The patients having forms 1 and 2 of congenital parotid fistulas did not apply for medical aid. Forms 3 and 4 of this pathology manifest themselves in the early childhood; they are frequently associated with inflammation and recurrence as well as the development of abscesses. It was shown that only the complete removal of congenital parotid fistula prevents its inflammation and suppuration. The hereditary nature of congenital parotid fistula was documented in 23 (37.7%) of the patients included in the present study.

[Classification and clinical observation of rhinoliths in the adult patients].

This paper reports 3 cases of rhinoliths 20, 14, and 45 years in duration respectively observed during the last 3 years. Rhinoliths caused difficulty of nasal breathing on the side of their localization accompanied by serous discharge from the nose and atrophy of turbinate bones; moreover, they provoked the development of maxilloethmoidal sinusitis, nasal polyps, and deviation of the nasal septum. The surgical removal of the rhinoliths promoted elimination of these complications. A new classification of rhinoliths distinguishing between 4 groups of these stone-like structures is proposed.

[Necrotizing (malignant) external otitis].

Five cases of necrotizing (malignant) external otitis were diagnosed during 25 years (from 1984 to 2009). All the patients aged from 60 to 80 years presented with diabetes mellitus. Blue pus bacilli were isolated from the ear canal. One of the 5 patients had bilateral external otitis. All the five underwent radical surgery after conservative therapy had proved inefficient. The treatment completed, the patients were discharged from the hospital in good clinical condition.

[Surgical treatment of acute parapharyngitis]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie ostrogo parafaringita.

A total of 2,690 patients with paratonsillitis (PT) including 83 (3.08%) ones with PT complicated by parapharyngitis were treated from 1984-2002. At admission, all the patients were punctured, the paratonsillar abscess was opened. Abscess tonsillectomy was made in 82 patients. Four patients developed flegmon of the neck. Besides abscess tonsillectomy, opening and drainage of cervical flegmon were conducted in these patients. Two patients died of mediastinitis. Thus, success of treatment of acute parapharyngitis depends on early diagnosis, especially at prehospital stage, detailed examination in ENT department, early and adequate surgical intervention and combined conservative treatment. It is recommended to measure the content of middle mass molecules during the treatment of pyoinflammatory, septic conditions in otorhinolaryngological practice.

[Treatment of frontal sinus inflammation]. / Lechenie vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii lobnykh pazukh.

The analysis of urgent treatment of frontal sinus inflammation from 1985 to 1999 and 6 months of 2000 made in ENT clinic of Izhevsk shows advantages of conservative therapy (trepanation puncture and frontal sinus probing) in diagnosis and treatment of frontal sinus inflammation. Literature data on safety of such manipulations is confirmed.

[Bouginage of cicatricial esophageal stenosis]. / Buzhirovanie rubtsovykh suzhenii pishchevoda.

Of 40 patients admitted to the ENT clinic in 1984-1998 (age 18-77 years) with cicatrical esophagostenosis, 34 entered with acid or alkaline burn resulting in esophagostenosis of degree III or IV. Bouginage was a prevalent treatment. Bouginage of the lower third of the stenotic esophagus along 8-12 cm was made according to an original technique of orthograde double bouginage by two different bougies. The bouginage was successful in 8 patients with life-threatening cicatrical esophagostenosis in the lower third, with tubular stricture along two-three segments and obstruction of the degree III and IV.

[Shunting and drainage of the frontal sinuses in the treatment of exudative frotitis]. / Zondirovanie i drenirovanie lobnykh pazukh pri lechenii ékssudativnykh frontitov.

A total of 63 cases of exudative frontitis were treated using probing and draining in an ENT department of a hospital from 1986 to 1998. 40 patients were males, 23 were females. The age ranged from 15 to 79 years. 43 patients had acute frontitis, 20 patients suffered of chronic frontitis. Probing and draining of the sinus was made with application of standard cannulas. Probing was unsuccessful in 8 patients. Later, they have undergone radical surgery on the frontal sinuses or trephine puncture (2 and 6 patients, respectively). 23 patients who discharged pus and mucus after the initial probing of the frontal sinus were drained for some time with polyethelene catheter having the fixing device. Probing and draining of the frontal sinuses with subsequent introduction of medicines should be applied in all cases of purulent otitis. Only if no effect is reached, surgical intervention is justified.