[Efficacy and tolerance of Latanoprost given as a first intention in the treatment of primitive open angle glaucoma in African melanoderm]. / Efficacité et tolérance du Latanoprost donné en première intention dans le traitement du glaucome primitif a angle ouvert chez le mélanoderme africain.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the reduction in IOP and ocular symptoms in patients newly diagnosed with POAG and treated with latanoprost as monotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A multicentric, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted. We included adults newly diagnosed with POAG. All patients received one drop of preserved latanoprost 0.005% in each eye every night for 12 weeks. Changes in IOP and ophthalmic signs and symptoms were assessed during and at the end of treatment. RESULTS: A total of 524 patients were included, with a participation rate of 93% at 12 weeks. The mean age was 52.79±17.33 years, and the sex ratio M/F was 1.39. At inclusion, the mean IOP was 21.68±9.72mmHg. After 2 weeks of treatment, the mean IOP was 15.49±5.81mmHg, for a reduction of 28.55%. After 12 weeks of treatment, the mean IOP was 13.16±3.54mmHg, for a reduction of 39.30%. The main symptom recorded was a gritty foreign body sensation, the frequency of which was 4.72% at W2 and 2.45% at W12. The main sign was hyperemia (4.33% at W2 and 1.84% at W12). CONCLUSION: Latanoprost given as first-line monotherapy in POAG in blacks considerably reduces IOP. The incidence of side effects remains low; it is higher at the start of treatment.

[Safety and efficacy of peribulbar anesthesia in cataract surgery]. / Tolerance et efficacite de l'anesthesie peribulbaire dans la chirurgie de la cataracte.

INTRODUCTION: Peribulbar anesthesia (PBA) involves the injection of local anesthetic of volume around the globe and outside the fasciomuscular cone, which will then diffuse from the peribulbar space to the retrobulbar space. The goal was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PBA in cataract surgery in Secondary Ophthalmology Center. PATIENTS AND METHOD: this was a cross-sectional study over two months. Our population consisted of all patients admitted to the anesthesia room, scheduled for cataract surgery and the PBA had been completed. The data was analyzed using Epi Info software version 7.2. The correlations were carried out using Khi2 with a threshold of significance (p <0.05). RESULTS: A total of 285 patients were included and sex-ratio H/F = 0,72. Average age of 62 +/- 12 years. Lidocaïne 2% and Bupivacaine 0.5% was used in combination at equal volume. The anesthesia was tolerated in 99,3% of patients. We observed 77,19% total analgesia and 13,33% chaemosis. CONCLUSION: Peribulbar anesthesia allows the easy realization of cataract surgery with great safety and efficiency.

INTRODUCTION: l'anesthésie péribulbaire (APB) consiste à l'injection d'anesthésique local autour du globe et en dehors du cône fasciomusculaire. Le produit diffuse ensuite de l'espace péribulbaire vers l'espace rétrobulbaire. L'objectif était d'évaluer la tolérance et l'efficacité de l'APB dans la chirurgie de la cataracte dans un centre d'ophtalmologie secondaire. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODE: il s'agissait d'une étude transversale sur deux mois. Notre population était constituée par tous les patients admis en salle d'anesthésie et programmés pour la chirurgie de la cataracte chez qui l'APB avait été réalisée. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide du logiciel Epi Info version 7.2. Les corrélations ont été réalisées à l'aide de Khi2 avec un seuil de significativité (p< 0,05). RÉSULTATS: Au total, 285 patients ont été inclus, avec un sex-ratio H/F de 0,72. L'âge moyen était de 62 ans avec un écart type de 12ans. La lidocaïne 2% et labupivacaïne 0,5% étaient utilisées en association à volume égal. L'anesthésie a été tolérée chez 99,3% des patients. Nous avons observé77,19%d'analgésie totale, 13,33% de chémosis conjonctival. CONCLUSION: L'anesthésie péribulbaire permet la réalisation facile de la chirurgie de la cataracte avec une bonne tolérance et une meilleure efficacité.

[Evaluation of the quality of life of adult patients treated in low vision at the CHU-IOTA]. / Évaluation de la qualité de vie des patients adultes pris en charge en basse vision au CHU-IOTA.

INTRODUCTION: Visual impairment is a handicap defined as any alteration of visual function responsible for a partial or total limitation of the activities of daily living (OMS, 2004). The objective of this study is to assess quality of life in patients before and after management of low vision. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a mono-centric, transverse, analytical study over a period of 6 months. Our study population included all adult patients seen in ophthalmologic consultation and followed in the low vision unit with visual acuity less than 3/10 and greater than or equal to 1/20 in the best eye with best optical correction. The National Eye Institute's quality of life questionnaire, the NEF VFQ 25, was administered to patients on site prior to management and then a month later. RESULTS: Low-vision management improved overall the dimensions of the quality of life questionnaire. Following the end-of-care assessment, the score for ocular pain was lowest (38.20), followed by the overall vision score (44.95) and near vision difficulty score (45.33). DISCUSSION: Our sample population was distinguished by a cultural mix, with diversity of beliefs and lifestyles, and also by the relatively advanced age of the subjects constituting it. This can influence the individual's perception of him- or herself within his or her environment, modifying the patient's estimation of his or her condition and therefore his or her behavior. CONCLUSION: Low-vision rehabilitation can improve the quality of life of visually impaired patients, particularly for near vision, activities of daily living and psychological health.

[Assessment of quality of life in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma in urban areas]. / Evaluation de la qualite de vie chez les patients atteints de glaucome primitif a angle ouvert en milieu urbain.

INTRODUCTION: Quality of life is defined by the physical, emotional and social well-being of an individual. Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is a blinding optic neuropathy, it can change the quality of life by its chronic and irreversible nature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of life in patients with POAG in urban areas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: this was a quantitative cross-sectional study with a descriptive aim over 3 months. Patients followed for POAG at CHU-IOTA with an age ≥ 18 years were included and submitted to the GlauQOL-17 questionnaire for data collection. RESULTS: We collected 100 glaucomatous patients, the mean age of patients was 52 years with a standard deviation of 14.02. The extreme ages are 18 and 81 years old. There was a male predominance; (54%) with a sex ratio (M / F) of 1.7. The good visual acuities were majority (higher or equal to 3/10). Among our patients, 35% were at the stage of glaucoma starting at OD and 30% at the stage of moderate glaucoma at OG. Our patients had a poor quality of life score (score <50%) in the Anxiety and Driving dimensions. In patients younger than 70 years old, we had a poor anxiety score in all progressive stages of the disease. Scores of self-image dimensions, constraints, and management were greater than 60% in patients over 70 years of age. CONCLUSION: Alteration of some of the domains studied was proportional to evolution of POAG. This degradation can have physical, psychological and social impacts on his patients.

INTRODUCTION: La qualité de vie se définit par le bien-être physique, émotionnel et social d'un individu. Le Glaucome Primitif à Angle Ouvert (GPAO) est une neuropathie optique cécitante, il peut modifier la qualité de vie de par son caractère chronique et irréversible. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer la qualité de vie chez les patients atteints de GPAO en milieu urbain. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODES: il s'agissait d'une étude quantitative transversale à visée descriptive sur 3 mois. Les patients suivis pour GPAO au CHU-IOTA avec un âge ≥ 18 ans ont été inclus et soumis au questionnaire GlauQOL-17 pour la collecte des données. RÉSULTATS: Nous avons colligé 100 patients glaucomateux, la moyenne d'âge des patients était de 52 ans avec un écart type de 14,02. Les extrêmes d'âges sont de 18 et 81 ans. Il y avait une prédominance masculine ; (54%) avec un sex-ratio (M/F) de 1.7. Les acuités visuelles bonnes étaient majoritaires (supérieures ou égales à 3/10).Parmi nos patients 35% étaient au stade de glaucome débutant à OD et 30% au stade de glaucome modéré à OG. Nos patients avaient un mauvais score qualité de vie (score < à 50%) dans les dimensions Anxiété et conduite. Chez les patients de moins de 70 ans nous avons noté un mauvais score d'anxiété dans tous les stades évolutifs de la maladie. Les scores des dimensions image de soi, contraintes, et prise en charge étaient supérieurs à 60% chez les patients de plus de 70 ans. CONCLUSION: L'altération de certains domaines étudiés était proportionnelle à l'évolution du GPAO. Cette dégradation peut avoir des impacts physiques, psychologiques et sociaux sur ses patients.

Epigenetic silencing of miRNA-9 is associated with HES1 oncogenic activity and poor prognosis of medulloblastoma.

BACKGROUND: microRNA-9 is a key regulator of neuronal development aberrantly expressed in brain malignancies, including medulloblastoma. The mechanisms by which microRNA-9 contributes to medulloblastoma pathogenesis remain unclear, and factors that regulate this process have not been delineated. METHODS: Expression and methylation status of microRNA-9 in medulloblastoma cell lines and primary samples were analysed. The association of microRNA-9 expression with medulloblastoma patients' clinical outcome was assessed, and the impact of microRNA-9 restoration was functionally validated in medulloblastoma cells. RESULTS: microRNA-9 expression is repressed in a large subset of MB samples compared with normal fetal cerebellum. Low microRNA-9 expression correlates significantly with the diagnosis of unfavourable histopathological variants and with poor clinical outcome. microRNA-9 silencing occurs via cancer-specific CpG island hypermethylation. HES1 was identified as a direct target of microRNA-9 in medulloblastoma, and restoration of microRNA-9 was shown to trigger cell cycle arrest, to inhibit clonal growth and to promote medulloblastoma cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: microRNA-9 is a methylation-silenced tumour suppressor that could be a potential candidate predictive marker for poor prognosis of medulloblastoma. Loss of microRNA-9 may confer a proliferative advantage to tumour cells, and it could possibly contribute to disease pathogenesis. Thus, re-expression of microRNA-9 may constitute a novel epigenetic regulation strategy against medulloblastoma.

Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic study of left ventricular diastolic function in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.

Dilated cardiomyopathy is basically regarded as a disease of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. There are only a few studies evaluating diastolic function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. To assess the LV diastolic function, 25 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and 20 age and sex matched normal subjects were studied with transmitral spectral tracings derived from pulsed Doppler echocardiography. All cardiomyopathy patients were in New York Heart Association class III to IV with dilated left ventricles and reduced systolic function (mean ejection fraction of 36.6 +/- 6.7 Vs 65 +/- 6 in normal subjects, p < 0.001). Patients with cardiomyopathy demonstrated an increased ratio of early to late diastolic velocity (E/A) (1.89 +/- 0.59 Vs 1.50 +/- 0.27 m/sec, p < 0.05), short deceleration time (E-E/2) (57.05 +/- 13.36 Vs 70.20 +/- 16.56 msec, p < 0.01) and short isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) (53.5 +/- 22.7 Vs 72 +/- 12 msec, p < 0.05) as compared to normal subjects. The early filling fraction (EFF) was higher (0.71 +/- 0.11 Vs 0.66 +/- 0.06, p < 0.05) and atrial filling fraction (AFF) was lower (0.28 +/- 0.11 Vs 0.33 +/- 0.06, p < 0.05) in cardiomyopathy patients than in normal subjects. Our observations in a select group of dilated cardiomyopathy patients with advanced disease demonstrate a restrictive pattern on pulsed Doppler echocardiography.

Comparison of single breath and steady state methods for the measurement of pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide in normal subjects, patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive airway disease.

The results of pulmonary diffusing capacity (DLCO) measurements by the steady state (DLCOss) and single breath (DLCOsb) methods were compared in 50 normal subjects (Group A), 50 patients with bronchial asthma (Group B) and 50 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COAD) (Group C). A significant correlation was observed between DLCOss and DLCOsb in all the three groups of subjects. This relationship was stronger in Groups A and B as compared to Group C. Both DLCOsb and DLCOss were significantly correlated to parameters of air-flow obstruction. Both measurements of DLCO appear valid in normal subjects and in patients with bronchial asthma. In patients with COAD, on the other hand, DLCOsb may be valid measurement, since it is less likely to be influenced by airways obstruction.