Molecular profile of gastric adenocarcinoma, relevant epidemiological factors - Systematic review and meta-analysis relating sex with Epstein-Barr virus and unstable microsatellites subtypes.

INTRODUCTION: Gastric epithelial tumors exhibit morphological heterogeneity, diverse biological behaviors, and different oncopathological pathways. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) proposed a molecular classification of gastric adenocarcinomas based on genetic and molecular findings, which shows particular characteristics of diagnosis, prognosis, and indirectly, therapeutic alternatives. Within this classification, Epstein-Barr virus-positive (EBV+) and high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) subtypes stand out as subtypes that present a less aggressive biological behavior and a highly mutilated phenotype. This study conducted a systematic review with an emphasis on epidemiological and prognostic factors based on the molecular classification proposed by TCGA. METHODS: A broad, comprehensive, and reproducible search with methodological rigor was conducted for study selection using the ROBINS-I and GRADEpro protocols and appropriate combinations of keywords. RESULTS: A total of 25 studies were selected: six with a complete classification similar to TCGA and 19 with a distinction between MSI-H and EBV+. The application of meta-analysis calculations reinforces the prevalence of positive Epstein-Barr adenocarcinomas in males and high microsatellite instability in females, with a high level of certainty of evidence and low risk of bias in the analyzed studies due to the rigorous methods used. CONCLUSION: The molecular classification proposed by TCGA shows limited dissemination, with MSI-H and EBV+ subtypes being the most researched, probably due to the benefit of the association with immunotherapies. However, the subclassification cannot be restricted to less than a quarter of the cases, and improvements in this aspect are urgent for the construction of knowledge on this important topic of global health.

Aggressive Osteoblastoma of Temporal Bone Causing Facial Palsy in a 9-year-old Child: A Case Report Based on 2020 WHO Classification of Bone Tumors / Osteoblastoma agressivo do osso temporal causando paralisia facial em uma criança de 9 anos: Um relato de caso baseado na classificação da OMS de 2020 de tumores ósseos

Aggressive osteoblastoma (AO) is an uncommon bone tumor that represents a borderline lesion between osteoblastoma and osteosarcoma. The vertebral column, the sacrum, the pelvis, and jaw/craniofacial bones are primarily affected. Aggressive osteoblastoma does not metastasize and is treated by surgical resection. The authors report a case of AO in a 9-year-old female patient presenting with 5th and 7th cranial nerve palsy. Prior pathological history included resection of an expansile nodule in the left temporal bone. Conventional radiological examination and computed tomography (CT) of the skull revealed an osteoblastic lesion arising in the petrous portion of the left temporal bone, measuring 5.2 cm in the largest dimension. The patient was subjected to partial surgical resection of the process. Microscopy revealed a primary neoplastic bone composed of numerous epithelioid round osteoblasts disposed in solid sheets and with mild atypia, large eosinophilic cytoplasm, and an eccentric, ovoid nucleus. The process exhibited loose stroma, low mitotic index, osteoid formation, and a few osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells. The diagnosis of AO was thus established. After 5 months of clinical follow-up, the patient is asymptomatic, without evidence of tumoral growth on CT scans.

O osteoblastoma agressivo (AO) é um tumor ósseo incomum que representa uma lesão limítrofe entre osteoblastoma e osteossarcoma. A coluna vertebral, o sacro, a pelve e os ossos maxilares/craniofaciais são afetados principalmente. O osteoblastoma agressivo não metastatiza sendo tratado por ressecção cirúrgica. Os autores relatam um caso de OA em paciente do sexo feminino, de 9 anos, com paralisia de V e VII pares cranianos. A história patológica prévia incluiu ressecção de nódulo expansivo no osso temporal esquerdo. O exame radiológico convencional e a tomografia computadorizada (TC) de crânio revelaram lesão osteoblástica surgindo na porção petrosa do osso temporal esquerdo, medindo 5,2 cm em sua maior dimensão. O paciente foi submetido à ressecção cirúrgica parcial do processo. A microscopia revelou osso neoplásico primário composto por numerosos osteoblastos epitelióides redondos dispostos em lâminas sólidas e com leve atipia, grande citoplasma eosinofílico e núcleo ovoide excêntrico. O processo exibiu estroma frouxo, baixo índice mitótico, formação de osteóide e algumas células gigantes multinucleadas semelhantes a osteoclastos. O diagnóstico de OA foi assim estabelecido. Após 5 meses de acompanhamento clínico, o paciente encontra-se assintomático, sem evidência de crescimento tumoral na tomografia computadorizada.

Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Minimal Trauma Fractures.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the serum 25-hidroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in patients with minimal trauma fractures, and to verify the profile of these patients and their main fractures. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in which blood samples were obtained from 40 patients with minimal trauma fracture to evaluate their 25(OH)D levels. Variables analyzed: fracture type; age; sex; Vitamin D supplementation; smoking habits; exercise; sunscreen use. RESULTS: A total of 29 (72.5%) patients presented with 25(OH)D deficiency, 10 (25%) had insufficiency, and only 1 (2.5%) had sufficient levels. The patients who used vitamin D supplementation had 25(OH)D levels (24.8 ± 12.75) that were significantly ( p = 0.048) higher than those who did not use it. In addition, patients who practiced exercise 2 to 3 times a week obtained a medium concentration of 25(OH)D (22.5 ± 6.08 ng/mL) significantly ( p = 0.042) higher compared with those who did not exercise (15.5 ± 7.25 ng/mL). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 72.5%; those patients who exercised 2 to 3 times a week and those who used vitamin D supplementation had higher levels of vitamin D.

Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Minimal Trauma Fractures / Prevalência da deficiência de vitamina D em pacientes com fraturas ocasionadas por trauma de baixa energia

Abstract Objective To analyze the serum 25-hidroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in patients with minimal trauma fractures, and to verify the profile of these patients and their main fractures. Methods Cross-sectional study in which blood samples were obtained from 40 patients with minimal trauma fracture to evaluate their 25(OH)D levels. Variables analyzed: fracture type; age; sex; Vitamin D supplementation; smoking habits; exercise; sunscreen use. Results A total of 29 (72.5%) patients presented with 25(OH)D deficiency, 10 (25%) had insufficiency, and only 1 (2.5%) had sufficient levels. The patients who used vitamin D supplementation had 25(OH)D levels (24.8 ± 12.75) that were significantly (p = 0.048) higher than those who did not use it. In addition, patients who practiced exercise 2 to 3 times a week obtained a medium concentration of 25(OH)D (22.5 ± 6.08 ng/mL) significantly (p = 0.042) higher compared with those who did not exercise (15.5 ± 7.25 ng/mL). Conclusion The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 72.5%; those patients who exercised 2 to 3 times a week and those who used vitamin D supplementation had higher levels of vitamin D.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os níveis séricos da 25-hidroxivitamina D [25(OH)D] em pacientes internados com fraturas causadas por traumas de baixa energia e analisar o perfil desses pacientes e os principais tipos de fraturas. Métodos Estudo transversal observacional em que foram obtidas amostras séricas de 25(OH)D de 40 pacientes internados com fraturas resultantes de trauma de baixa energia. As seguintes variáveis foram analisadas: tipo da fratura, idade, sexo, uso de vitamina D, tabagismo, atividade física e uso de protetor solar. Resultados Apresentaram níveis deficientes de 25(OH)D 29 (72,5%) pacientes, dez (25%) apresentaram níveis insuficientes e apenas um (2,5%) apresentou níveis suficientes. Os pacientes que faziam uso de vitamina D obtiveram níveis de 25(OH)D (24,8 ± 12,75) estatisticamente significantes (p = 0,048) em relação aos que não usavam (16,47 ± 6,28). Além disso, aqueles que praticavam exercícios físicos duas a três vezes por semana obtiveram uma concentração média de 25(OH)D (22,5 ± 6,08 ng/mL) estatisticamente significante (p = 0,042) em comparação com o grupo que referiu não fazer atividade física (15,5 ± 7,25 ng/mL). Conclusão A prevalência da deficiência de 25(OH)D foi de 72,5%, indivíduos que praticavam atividade física duas a três vezes por semana, bem como aqueles que faziam uso de vitamina D, apresentaram um nível maior de vitamina D.