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1.
Neurosurgery ; 94(4): 797-804, 2024 Apr 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37902322

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Vertebral compression fracture (VCF) is a common, but serious toxicity of spinal stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Several variables that place patients at high risk of VCF have previously been identified, including advanced Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS), a widely adopted clinical decision criterion to assess spinal instability. We examine the role of tumoral endplate (EP) disruption in the risk of VCF and attempt to incorporate it into a simple risk stratification system. METHODS: This study was a retrospective cohort study from a single institution. Demographic and treatment information was collected for patients who received spinal SBRT between 2013 and 2019. EP disruption was noted on pre-SBRT computed tomography scan. The primary end point of 1-year cumulative incidence of VCF was assessed on follow-up MRI and computed tomography scans at 3-month intervals after treatment. RESULTS: A total of 111 patients were included. The median follow-up was 18 months. Approximately 48 patients (43%) had at least one EP disruption. Twenty patients (18%) experienced a VCF at a median of 5.2 months from SBRT. Patients with at least one EP disruption were more likely to experience VCF than those with no EP disruption (29% vs 6%, P < .001). A nomogram was created using the variables of EP disruption, a SINS of ≥7, and adverse histology. Patients were stratified into groups at low and high risk of VCF, which were associated with 2% and 38% risk of VCF ( P < .001). CONCLUSION: EP disruption is a novel risk factor for VCF in patients who will undergo spinal SBRT. A simple nomogram incorporating EP disruption, adverse histology, and SINS score is effective for quickly assessing risk of VCF. These data require validation in prospective studies and could be helpful in counseling patients regarding VCF risk and referring for prophylactic interventions in high-risk populations.


Asunto(s)
Fracturas por Compresión , Radiocirugia , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral , Humanos , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/epidemiología , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/etiología , Fracturas por Compresión/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas por Compresión/etiología , Fracturas por Compresión/epidemiología , Radiocirugia/efectos adversos , Radiocirugia/métodos , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/radioterapia , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/patología
2.
Neurosurgery ; 93(2): 320-329, 2023 08 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36861971

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Spine metastases often cause significant pain, instability, and/or neurological morbidity. Local control (LC) of spine metastases has been augmented with advances in systemic therapies, radiation, and surgical technique. Prior reports suggest an association between preoperative arterial embolization and improved LC and palliative pain control. OBJECTIVE: To further elucidate the role of neoadjuvant embolization on LC of spine metastases and the potential for improved pain control in patients receiving surgery and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). METHOD: A retrospective single-center review between 2012 and 2020 identified 117 patients with spinal metastases from various solid tumor malignancies managed with surgery and adjuvant SBRT with or without preoperative spinal arterial embolization. Demographic information, radiographic studies, treatment characteristics, Karnofsky Performance Score, Defensive Veterans Pain Rating Scale, and mean daily doses of analgesic medications were reviewed. LC was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging obtained at a median 3-month interval and defined as progression at the surgically treated vertebral level. RESULTS: Of 117 patients, 47 (40.2%) underwent preoperative embolization, followed by surgery and SBRT and 70 (59.8%) underwent surgery and SBRT alone. Within the embolization cohort, the median LC was 14.2 months compared with 6.3 months among the nonembolization cohort ( P = .0434). Receiver operating characteristic analysis suggests ≥82.5% embolization predicted significantly improved LC (area under the curve = 0.808; P < .0001). Defensive Veterans Pain Rating Scale mean and maximum scores significantly decreased immediately after embolization ( P < .001). CONCLUSION: Preoperative embolization was associated with improved LC and pain control suggesting a novel role for its use. Additional prospective study is warranted.


Asunto(s)
Radiocirugia , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral , Humanos , Descompresión Quirúrgica , Terapia Neoadyuvante , Dolor/cirugía , Estudios Prospectivos , Radiocirugia/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/radioterapia , Resultado del Tratamiento
4.
Front Oncol ; 12: 912799, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36505845

RESUMEN

Background: With advances in systemic therapy translating to improved survival in metastatic malignancies, spine metastases have become an increasingly common source of morbidity. Achieving durable local control (LC) for patients with circumferential epidural disease can be particularly challenging. Circumferential stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) may offer improved LC for circumferential vertebral and/or epidural metastatic spinal disease, but prospective (and retrospective) data are extremely limited. We sought to evaluate the feasibility, toxicity, and cancer control outcomes with this novel approach to circumferential spinal disease. Methods: We retrospectively identified all circumferential SBRT courses delivered between 2013 and 2019 at a tertiary care institution for post-operative or intact spine metastases. Radiotherapy was delivered to 14-27.5 Gy in one to five fractions. Feasibility was assessed by determining the proportion of plans for which ≥95% planning target volume (PTV) was coverable by ≥95% prescription dose. The primary endpoint was 1-year LC. Factors associated with increased likelihood of local failure (LF) were explored. Acute and chronic toxicity were assessed. Detailed dosimetric data were collected. Results: Fifty-eight patients receiving 64 circumferential SBRT courses were identified (median age 61, KPS ≥70, 57% men). With a median follow-up of 15 months, the 12-month local control was 85% (eight events). Five and three recurrences were in the epidural space and bone, respectively. On multivariate analysis, increased PTV and uncontrolled systemic disease were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of LF; ≥95% PTV was covered by ≥95% prescription dose in 94% of the cases. The rate of new or progressive vertebral compression fracture was 8%. There were no myelitis events or any grade 3+ acute or late toxicities. Conclusions: For patients with circumferential disease, circumferential spine SBRT is feasible and may offer excellent LC without significant toxicity. A prospective evaluation of this approach is warranted.

5.
Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) ; 100: 105816, 2022 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36435080

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Computational spine models of various types have been employed to understand spine function, assess the risk that different activities pose to the spine, and evaluate techniques to prevent injury. The areas in which these models are applied has expanded greatly, potentially beyond the appropriate scope of each, given their capabilities. A comprehensive understanding of the components of these models provides insight into their current capabilities and limitations. METHODS: The objective of this review was to provide a critical assessment of the different characteristics of model elements employed across the spectrum of lumbar spine modeling and in newer combined methodologies to help better evaluate existing studies and delineate areas for future research and refinement. FINDINGS: A total of 155 studies met selection criteria and were included in this review. Most current studies use either highly detailed Finite Element models or simpler Musculoskeletal models driven with in vivo data. Many models feature significant geometric or loading simplifications that limit their realism and validity. Frequently, studies only create a single model and thus can't account for the impact of subject variability. The lack of model representation for certain subject cohorts leaves significant gaps in spine knowledge. Combining features from both types of modeling could result in more accurate and predictive models. INTERPRETATION: Development of integrated models combining elements from different model types in a framework that enables the evaluation of larger populations of subjects could address existing voids and enable more realistic representation of the biomechanics of the lumbar spine.

6.
Front Oncol ; 12: 912804, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35756685

RESUMEN

Background: With survival improving in many metastatic malignancies, spine metastases have increasingly become a source of significant morbidity; achieving durable local control (LC) is critical. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) may offer improved LC and/or symptom palliation. However, due to setup concerns, SBRT is infrequently offered to patients with ≥3 contiguous involved levels. Because data are limited, we sought to evaluate the feasibility, toxicity, and cancer control outcomes of spine SBRT delivered to ≥3 contiguous levels. Methods: We retrospectively identified all SBRT courses delivered between 2013 and 2019 at a tertiary care institution for postoperative or intact spine metastases. Radiotherapy was delivered to 14-35 Gy in 1-5 fractions. Patients were stratified by whether they received SBRT to 1-2 or ≥3 contiguous levels. The primary endpoint was 1-year LC and was compared between groups. Factors associated with increased likelihood of local failure (LF) were explored. Acute and chronic toxicity was assessed. In-depth dosimetric data were collected. Results: Overall, 165 patients with 194 SBRT courses were identified [54% were men, median age was 61 years, 93% had Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) ≥70, and median follow-up was 15 months]. One hundred thirteen patients (68%) received treatment to 1-2 and 52 to 3-7 (32%) levels. The 1-year LC was 88% (89% for 1-2 levels vs. 84% for ≥3 levels, p = 0.747). On multivariate analysis, uncontrolled systemic disease was associated with inferior LC for patients with ≥3 treated levels. No other demographic, disease, treatment, or dosimetric variables achieved significance. Rates of new/progressive fracture were equivalent (8% vs. 9.5%, p = 0.839). There were no radiation-induced myelopathy or grade 3+ acute or late toxicities in either group. Coverage of ≥95% of the planning target volume with ≥95% prescription dose was similar between groups (96% 1-2 levels vs. 89% ≥3 levels, p = 0.078). Conclusions: For patients with ≥3 contiguous involved levels, spine SBRT is feasible and may offer excellent LC without significant toxicity. Prospective evaluation is warranted.

7.
Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng ; 38(6): e3601, 2022 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35403831

RESUMEN

This article presents an effort toward building an artificial intelligence (AI) assisted framework, coined ReconGAN, for creating a realistic digital twin of the human vertebra and predicting the risk of vertebral fracture (VF). ReconGAN consists of a deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCGAN), image-processing steps, and finite element (FE) based shape optimization to reconstruct the vertebra model. This DCGAN model is trained using a set of quantitative micro-computed tomography (micro-QCT) images of the trabecular bone obtained from cadaveric samples. The quality of synthetic trabecular models generated using DCGAN are verified by comparing a set of its statistical microstructural descriptors with those of the imaging data. The synthesized trabecular microstructure is then infused into the vertebra cortical shell extracted from the patient's diagnostic CT scans using an FE-based shape optimization approach to achieve a smooth transition between trabecular to cortical regions. The final geometrical model of the vertebra is converted into a high-fidelity FE model to simulate the VF response using a continuum damage model under compression and flexion loading conditions. A feasibility study is presented to demonstrate the applicability of digital twins generated using this AI-assisted framework to predict the risk of VF in a cancer patient with spinal metastasis.


Asunto(s)
Inteligencia Artificial , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral , Análisis de Elementos Finitos , Humanos , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Columna Vertebral/fisiología , Microtomografía por Rayos X
9.
Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng ; 38(6): e3600, 2022 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35347880

RESUMEN

We present the application of ReconGAN, introduced in a previous study, for simulating the vertebroplasty (VP) operation and its impact on the fracture response of a vertebral body. ReconGAN consists of a Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (DCGAN) and a finite element based shape optimization algorithm to virtually reconstruct the trabecular bone microstructure. The VP procedure involves injecting shear-thinning liquid bone cement through a needle in the trabecular region to reinforce a diseased or fractured vertebra. To simulate this treatment modality, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is employed to predict the morphology of the injected cement within the bone microstructure. A power-law equation is utilized to characterize the non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior of the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement during injection simulations. The CFD model is coupled with the level-set method to simulate the motion of the interface separating bone cement and bone marrow. After predicting the cement morphology, a data co-registration algorithm is employed to transform the CFD model to a high-fidelity continuum damage mechanics (CDM) finite element model of the augmented vertebra for predicting the fracture response. A feasibility study is presented to demonstrate the ability of this CFD-CDM framework to investigate the effect of VP on the mechanical integrity of the vertebral body in a cancer patient with a lytic metastatic tumor.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral , Vertebroplastia , Cementos para Huesos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/cirugía , Columna Vertebral , Vertebroplastia/métodos
11.
Radiol Case Rep ; 16(8): 1934-1940, 2021 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34149978

RESUMEN

Metastatic adamantinoma involving the spine is an extremely rare occurrence. In this case report, we present a patient with recurrent adamantinoma of the tibia which was found to have metastasized to the spine. The metastatic involvement was diagnosed pathologically, status post CT guided percutaneous core needle biopsy, performed after the patient returned with concerning symptoms and imaging findings suggestive of metastasis. The patient was ultimately treated surgically with vertebrectomy and reconstruction. A thoughtful review of this disease process is explored, emphasizing the pathology, imaging characteristics, and pertinent differential diagnostic considerations. While uncommon, knowledge of this rare disease process and its presentation can improve future patient diagnosis and outcomes.

12.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 7834, 2021 04 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33837260

RESUMEN

Both endovascular repair (EVR) and open repair (OR) surgery of thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms cause spinal cord (SC) injury that can lead to paraparesis or paraplegia. It has been assumed that mechanisms responsible for SC damage after EVR are similar to those after OR. This pilot study compared the pathophysiology of SC injury after EVR versus OR using a newly developed EVR dog model. An increasing number of stents similar to those used in patients were inserted in the aorta of three dogs to ensure thoracic or thoracic plus lumbar coverage. The aorta of OR dogs was cross-clamped for 45 min. Behavior assessment demonstrated unique patterns of proprioceptive ataxia and evolving paraparesis in EVR versus irreversible paraplegia in OR. MRI showed posterior signal in lumbar SC after EVR versus central cord edema after OR. Histopathology showed white matter edema in L3-L5 localized to the dorsal column medial lemniscus area associated with loss of myelin basic protein but not neurons after EVR, versus massive neuronal loss in the gray matter in L3-L5 after OR. Metabolome analysis demonstrates a distinctive chemical fingerprint of cellular processes in both interventions. Our results call for the development of new therapeutics tailored to these distinct pathophysiologic findings.


Asunto(s)
Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/cirugía , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular/efectos adversos , Prótesis Vascular/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Endovasculares/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Endovasculares/métodos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/etiología , Stents/efectos adversos , Animales , Conducta Animal , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada/métodos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Perros , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Metaboloma , Paraplejía/etiología , Proyectos Piloto , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico por imagen , Médula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagen , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagen , Resultado del Tratamiento
13.
Neurosurgery ; 88(5): 1021-1027, 2021 04 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33575784

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Spine surgery is indicated for select patients with mechanical instability, pain, and/or malignant epidural spinal cord compression, with or without neurological compromise. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is an option for durable local control (LC) for metastatic spine disease. OBJECTIVE: To determine factors associated with LC and progression-free survival (PFS) for patients receiving postoperative stereotactic spine radiosurgery. METHODS: We analyzed consecutive patients from 2013 to 2019 treated with surgical intervention followed by SBRT. Surgical interventions included laminectomy and vertebrectomy. SBRT included patients treated with 1 to 5 fractions of radiosurgery. We analyzed LC, PFS, overall survival (OS), and toxicity. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of 63 patients were treated with a median follow-up of 12.5 mo. Approximately 75% of patients underwent vertebrectomy and 25% underwent laminectomy. One-year cumulative incidence of local failure was 19%. LC was significantly improved for patients receiving radiosurgery ≤40 d from surgery compared to that for patients receiving radiosurgery ≥40 d from surgery, 94% vs 75%, respectively, at 1 yr (P = .03). Patients who received preoperative embolization had improved LC with 1-yr LC of 88% vs 76% for those who did not receive preoperative embolization (P = .037). Significant predictors for LC on multivariate analysis were time from surgery to radiosurgery, higher radiotherapy dose, and preoperative embolization. The 1-yr PFS and OS was 56% and 60%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Postoperative radiosurgery has excellent and durable LC for spine metastasis. An important consideration when planning postoperative radiosurgery is minimizing delay from surgery to radiosurgery. Preoperative embolization and higher radiotherapy dose were associated with improved LC warranting further study.


Asunto(s)
Radiocirugia , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/secundario , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/cirugía , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto Joven
14.
Int J Spine Surg ; 14(4): 594-598, 2020 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32986583

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is an effective procedure for painful pathological vertebral fractures. High-viscosity cement is the preferred choice for vertebroplasty given its low risk of extravasation. We describe here 2 cases of high-viscosity cement vertebroplasty in large lytic defects and associated complications. CASE DESCRIPTION: Case 1 describes PVP in an 89-year-old male patient with L1 pathological fracture from prostrate metastasis. Case 2 describes PVP in a 68-year-old male with T7 and T8 vertebral fractures from multiple myeloma. In both cases, high-viscosity cement was used to fill large lytic cavities. This resulted in poor interdigitation of the cement with the trabeculae forming an unstable floating cement ball and dangerous retrieval of the cement trocar needle. The implications of this occurrence have been described. CONCLUSIONS: High-viscosity-cement vertebroplasty in large lytic defects needs to be done with caution. The potential occurrence of poor cement interdigitation and the following complications can be catastrophic, and caution must be used.

15.
Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) ; 80: 105169, 2020 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32919360

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: In spite of the prevalence of occupational neck disorders as a result of work force fluctuating from industry to sedentary office work, most cervical spine computational models are not capable of simulating occupational and daily living activities whereas majority of cervical spine models specialized to simulate crash and impact scenarios. Therefore, estimating spine tissue loads accurately to quantify the risk of neck disorders in occupational environments within those models is not possible due to the lack of muscle models, dynamic simulation and passive spine structures. METHODS: In this effort the structure, logic, and validation process of an electromyography-assisted cervical biomechanical model that is capable of estimating neck loading under three-dimensional complex motions is described. The developed model was designed to simulate complex dynamic motions similar to work place exposure. Curved muscle geometry, personalized muscle force parameters, and separate passive and (electromyography-driven) active muscle force components are implemented in this model. FINDINGS: Calibration algorithms were able to reverse-engineer personalized muscle properties to calculate active and passive muscle forces of each individual. INTERPRETATION: This electromyography-assisted cervical spine model with curved muscle model is capable to accurately predict spinal tissue loads during isometric and dynamic head and neck activities. Personalized active and passive muscle force algorithms will help to more robustly investigate person-specific muscle forces and spinal tissue loads.


Asunto(s)
Vértebras Cervicales/fisiología , Electromiografía , Fenómenos Mecánicos , Modelos Biológicos , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Humanos , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología
16.
Acta Neurochir (Wien) ; 162(10): 2533-2536, 2020 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32572579

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Metastatic cervical spine disease can cause compression fractures, cervical spine instability, and pain. Vertebroplasty can stabilize a fracture, reduce the pain associated with a compression fracture, prevent or stop the progression of a fracture, thus avoiding cervical spine fixation, and decreased mobility. Transoral C2 vertebroplasty is less invasive than open fusion surgery, but it poses its own risk of infection and cement leak in this highly sensitive area. METHODS: The image guidance setup consisted of the Stryker NAV3i navigation system, Stryker CranialMask tracker, and the CranialMap 3.0 software combined with biplanar fluoroscopy. RESULTS: The patient's neck pain has completely resolved immediately after the surgery. There were no complications. CONCLUSION: Quality of life preservation is paramount in the management of metastatic spine disease. Vertebroplasty of osteolytic lesions can both relieve pain and restore stability, thus avoiding permanent stiff cervical collar, halo vest, or upfront occipitocervical fusion. With the increasing availability of surgical navigation systems, its use combined with biplanar fluoroscopy for performing transoral C2 vertebroplasty seems to be an adequate treatment in selected cases for pain relief, stabilization, and maintaining quality of life in the complex cancer population with C2 pathological fractures. The article describes as well vertebroplasty of the subaxial spine through a conventional anterior approach which again seems to be adequate in the treatment of spinal pathological fractures. Graphical abstract.


Asunto(s)
Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/cirugía , Técnicas Estereotáxicas/efectos adversos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Vertebroplastia/métodos , Cementos para Huesos , Vértebras Cervicales/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Calidad de Vida , Vertebroplastia/efectos adversos
17.
Top Magn Reson Imaging ; 29(3): 125-130, 2020 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32568974

RESUMEN

Claustrophobia, other anxiety reactions, excessive motion, and other unanticipated patient events in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) not only delay or preclude diagnostic-quality imaging but can also negatively affect the patient experience. In addition, by impeding MRI workflow, they may affect the finances of an imaging practice. This review article offers an overview of the various types of patient-related unanticipated events that occur in MRI, along with estimates of their frequency of occurrence as documented in the available literature. In addition, the financial implications of these events are discussed from a microeconomic perspective, primarily from the point of view of a radiology practice or hospital, although associated limitations and other economic viewpoints are also included. Efforts to minimize these unanticipated patient events can potentially improve not only patient satisfaction and comfort but also an imaging practice's operational efficiency and diagnostic capabilities.


Asunto(s)
Ansiedad/psicología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/psicología , Trastornos Fóbicos/psicología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/economía , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/estadística & datos numéricos , Movimiento , Trastornos Fóbicos/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Negativa del Paciente al Tratamiento/psicología
18.
Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) ; 71: 115-124, 2020 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31715453

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: As the work load has been shifting from heavy manufacturing to office work, neck disorders are increasing. However, most of the current cervical spine biomechanical models were created to simulate crash situations. Therefore, the biomechanics of cervical spine during daily living and occupational activities remain unknown. In this effort, cervical spine biomechanical models were systematically reviewed based upon different features including approach, biomechanical properties, and validation methods. METHODS: The objective of this review was to systematically categorize cervical spine models and compare the underlying logic in order to identify voids in the literature. FINDINGS: Twenty-two models met our selection criteria and revealed several trends: 1) The multi-body dynamics modeling approach, equipped for simulating impact situations were the most common technique; 2) Straight muscle lines of action, inverse dynamic/optimization muscle force calculation, Hill-type muscle model with only active component were typically used in the majority of neck models; and 3) Several models have attempted to validate their results by comparing their approach with previous studies, but mostly were unable to provide task-specific validation. INTERPRETATION: EMG-driven dynamic model for simulating occupational activities, with accurate muscle geometry and force representation, and person- or task-specific validation of the model would be necessary to improve model fidelity.


Asunto(s)
Vértebras Cervicales/lesiones , Vértebras Cervicales/fisiopatología , Músculo Esquelético/diagnóstico por imagen , Columna Vertebral/fisiopatología , Antropometría , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Vértebras Cervicales/fisiología , Simulación por Computador , Electromiografía , Análisis de Elementos Finitos , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , Cuello , Traumatismos Ocupacionales , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Conducta Sedentaria , Columna Vertebral/fisiología , Estrés Mecánico
20.
Neurosurgery ; 84(1): 160-168, 2019 01 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29579287

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Focused ultrasound thalamotomy (FUS-T) was recently approved for the treatment of refractory essential tremor (ET). Despite its noninvasive approach, FUS-T reinitiated concerns about the adverse effects and long-term efficacy after lesioning. OBJECTIVE: To prospectively assess the outcomes of FUS-T in 10 ET patients using tractography-based targeting of the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM). METHODS: VIM was identified at the intercommissural plane based on its neighboring tracts: the pyramidal tract and medial lemniscus. FUS-T was performed at the center of tractography-defined VIM. Tremor outcomes, at baseline and 3 mo, were assessed independently by the Tremor Research Group. We analyzed targeting coordinates, clinical outcomes, and adverse events. The FUS-T lesion location was analyzed in relation to unbiased thalamic parcellation using probabilisitic tractography. Quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging changes were also studied in fiber tracts of interest. RESULTS: The tractography coordinates were more anterior than the standard. Intraoperatively, therapeutic sonications at the tractography target improved tremor (>50% improvement) without motor or sensory side effects. Sustained improvement in tremor was observed at 3 mo (tremor score: 18.3 ± 6.9 vs 8.1 ± 4.4, P = .001). No motor weakness and sensory deficits after FUS-T were observed during 6-mo follow-up. Ataxia was observed in 3 patients. FUS-T lesions overlapped with the VIM parcellated with probablisitic tractography. Significant microstructural changes were observed in the white matter connecting VIM with cerebellum and motor cortex. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of prospective VIM targeting with tractography for FUS-T. These results suggest that tractography-guided targeting is safe and has satisfactory short-term clinical outcomes.


Asunto(s)
Imagen de Difusión Tensora/métodos , Temblor Esencial , Tálamo , Terapia por Ultrasonido , Temblor Esencial/diagnóstico por imagen , Temblor Esencial/cirugía , Humanos , Seguridad del Paciente , Estudios Prospectivos , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagen , Tálamo/cirugía , Terapia por Ultrasonido/efectos adversos , Terapia por Ultrasonido/métodos
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