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1.
bioRxiv ; 2024 Jun 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38915725

RESUMEN

The cardiac neural crest is critical for the normal development of the heart, as its surgical ablation in the chick recapitulates common human congenital heart defects such as 'Common Arterial Trunk' and 'Double Outlet Right Ventricle' (DORV). While left-right asymmetry is known to be important for heart development, little is known about potential asymmetric differences between right and left cardiac neural folds with respect to heart development. Here, through surgical ablation of either left or right cardiac neural crest, we reveal that right ablation results in more varied and more severe heart defects. Embryos with Common Arterial Trunk and with missing arteries occur only in right-ablated embryos; moreover, embryos with DORV and with misalignment of the arteries were more prevalent following right versus left cardiac crest ablation. In addition, overall survival of right-ablated embryos was lower than left-ablated embryos, with embryos dying earlier in development. Together, these data implicate different functions for left versus right cardiac neural crest in heart development.

2.
bioRxiv ; 2024 Apr 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38712289

RESUMEN

Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF-2) is a dominantly inherited genetic disorder that results from mutations in the tumor suppressor gene, neurofibromin 2 (NF2) gene. Here, we report the generation of a conditional zebrafish model of neurofibromatosis established by an inducible genetic knockout of nf2a/b, the zebrafish homolog of human NF2. Analysis of nf2a and nf2b expression reveals ubiquitous expression of nf2b in the early embryo, with overlapping expression in the neural crest and its derivatives and in the cranial mesenchyme. In contrast, nf2a displays lower expression levels. Induction of nf2a/b knockout at early stages increases the proliferation of larval Schwann cells and meningeal fibroblasts. Subsequently, in adult zebrafish, nf2a/b knockout triggers the development of a spectrum of tumors, including vestibular schwannomas, spinal schwannomas, meningiomas, and retinal hamartomas, mirroring the tumor manifestations observed in patients with NF-2. Collectively, these findings highlight the generation of a novel zebrafish model that mimics the complexities of the human NF-2 disorder. Consequently, this model holds significant potential for facilitating therapeutic screening and elucidating key driver genes implicated in NF-2 onset.

3.
Curr Top Dev Biol ; 159: 132-167, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38729675

RESUMEN

The primary senses-touch, taste, sight, smell, and hearing-connect animals with their environments and with one another. Aside from the eyes, the primary sense organs of vertebrates and the peripheral sensory pathways that relay their inputs arise from two transient stem cell populations: the neural crest and the cranial placodes. In this chapter we consider the senses from historical and cultural perspectives, and discuss the senses as biological faculties. We begin with the embryonic origin of the neural crest and cranial placodes from within the neural plate border of the ectodermal germ layer. Then, we describe the major chemical (i.e. olfactory and gustatory) and mechanical (i.e. vestibulo-auditory and somatosensory) senses, with an emphasis on the developmental interactions between neural crest and cranial placodes that shape their structures and functions.


Asunto(s)
Cresta Neural , Animales , Cresta Neural/citología , Cresta Neural/embriología , Cresta Neural/fisiología , Humanos , Sensación/fisiología , Órganos de los Sentidos/embriología , Órganos de los Sentidos/fisiología , Órganos de los Sentidos/citología , Vertebrados/embriología , Vertebrados/fisiología
4.
Nature ; 629(8010): 121-126, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38632395

RESUMEN

The neural crest is an embryonic stem cell population unique to vertebrates1 whose expansion and diversification are thought to have promoted vertebrate evolution by enabling emergence of new cell types and structures such as jaws and peripheral ganglia2. Although jawless vertebrates have sensory ganglia, convention has it that trunk sympathetic chain ganglia arose only in jawed vertebrates3-8. Here, by contrast, we report the presence of trunk sympathetic neurons in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, an extant jawless vertebrate. These neurons arise from sympathoblasts near the dorsal aorta that undergo noradrenergic specification through a transcriptional program homologous to that described in gnathostomes. Lamprey sympathoblasts populate the extracardiac space and extend along the length of the trunk in bilateral streams, expressing the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine ß-hydroxylase. CM-DiI lineage tracing analysis further confirmed that these cells derive from the trunk neural crest. RNA sequencing of isolated ammocoete trunk sympathoblasts revealed gene profiles characteristic of sympathetic neuron function. Our findings challenge the prevailing dogma that posits that sympathetic ganglia are a gnathostome innovation, instead suggesting that a late-developing rudimentary sympathetic nervous system may have been characteristic of the earliest vertebrates.


Asunto(s)
Linaje de la Célula , Ganglios Simpáticos , Cresta Neural , Neuronas , Petromyzon , Sistema Nervioso Simpático , Tirosina 3-Monooxigenasa , Animales , Cresta Neural/citología , Cresta Neural/metabolismo , Ganglios Simpáticos/citología , Ganglios Simpáticos/metabolismo , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/citología , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/fisiología , Tirosina 3-Monooxigenasa/metabolismo , Tirosina 3-Monooxigenasa/genética , Neuronas/citología , Neuronas/metabolismo , Dopamina beta-Hidroxilasa/metabolismo , Dopamina beta-Hidroxilasa/genética , Vertebrados , Evolución Biológica , Norepinefrina/metabolismo
5.
Cancer Discov ; 14(4): 663-668, 2024 Apr 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38571421

RESUMEN

SUMMARY: We are building the world's first Virtual Child-a computer model of normal and cancerous human development at the level of each individual cell. The Virtual Child will "develop cancer" that we will subject to unlimited virtual clinical trials that pinpoint, predict, and prioritize potential new treatments, bringing forward the day when no child dies of cancer, giving each one the opportunity to lead a full and healthy life.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias , Humanos , Neoplasias/genética
6.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 121(11): e2314911121, 2024 Mar 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38442169

RESUMEN

In amniote limbs, Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 (FGF10) is essential for limb development, but whether this function is broadly conserved in tetrapods and/or involved in adult limb regeneration remains unknown. To tackle this question, we established Fgf10 mutant lines in the newt Pleurodeles waltl which has amazing regenerative ability. While Fgf10 mutant forelimbs develop normally, the hindlimbs fail to develop and downregulate FGF target genes. Despite these developmental defects, Fgf10 mutants were able to regenerate normal hindlimbs rather than recapitulating the embryonic phenotype. Together, our results demonstrate an important role for FGF10 in hindlimb formation, but little or no function in regeneration, suggesting that different mechanisms operate during limb regeneration versus development.


Asunto(s)
Factor 10 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos , Animales , Factor 10 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/genética , Factor 10 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Miembro Posterior/crecimiento & desarrollo , Regeneración , Pleurodeles/genética , Pleurodeles/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pleurodeles/metabolismo
7.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 1538, 2024 Feb 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38378737

RESUMEN

Retinoic acid (RA) is involved in antero-posterior patterning of the chordate body axis and, in jawed vertebrates, has been shown to play a major role at multiple levels of the gene regulatory network (GRN) regulating hindbrain segmentation. Knowing when and how RA became coupled to the core hindbrain GRN is important for understanding how ancient signaling pathways and patterning genes can evolve and generate diversity. Hence, we investigated the link between RA signaling and hindbrain segmentation in the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus, an important jawless vertebrate model providing clues to decipher ancestral vertebrate features. Combining genomics, gene expression, and functional analyses of major components involved in RA synthesis (Aldh1as) and degradation (Cyp26s), we demonstrate that RA signaling is coupled to hindbrain segmentation in lamprey. Thus, the link between RA signaling and hindbrain segmentation is a pan vertebrate feature of the hindbrain and likely evolved at the base of vertebrates.


Asunto(s)
Cordados , Petromyzon , Animales , Petromyzon/genética , Tretinoina/metabolismo , Vertebrados/genética , Rombencéfalo/metabolismo , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica
8.
Dev Biol ; 506: 31-41, 2024 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38052296

RESUMEN

During epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), significant rearrangements occur in plasma membrane protein and lipid content that are important for membrane function and acquisition of cell motility. To gain insight into how neural crest cells regulate their lipid content at the transcriptional level during EMT, here we identify critical enhancer sequences that regulate the expression of SMPD3, a gene responsible for sphingomyelin hydrolysis to produce ceramide and necessary for neural crest EMT. We uncovered three enhancer regions within the first intron of the SMPD3 locus that drive reporter expression in distinct spatial and temporal domains, together collectively recapitulating the expression domains of endogenous SMPD3 within the ectodermal lineages. We further dissected one enhancer that is specifically active in the migrating neural crest. By mutating putative transcriptional input sites or knocking down upstream regulators, we find that the SOXE-family transcription factors SOX9 and SOX10 regulate the expression of SMPD3 in migrating neural crest cells. Further, ChIP-seq and nascent transcription analysis reveal that SOX10 directly regulates expression of an SMPD3 enhancer specific to migratory neural crest cells. Together these results shed light on how core components of developmental gene regulatory networks interact with metabolic effector genes to control changes in membrane lipid content.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas Aviares , Cresta Neural , Factores de Transcripción SOXE , Esfingomielina Fosfodiesterasa , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Intrones , Lípidos , Cresta Neural/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción SOXE/genética , Factores de Transcripción SOXE/metabolismo , Pollos , Animales , Proteínas Aviares/metabolismo , Esfingomielina Fosfodiesterasa/metabolismo
9.
Dev Biol ; 507: 44-63, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38145727

RESUMEN

The myriad regenerative abilities across the animal kingdom have fascinated us for centuries. Recent advances in developmental, molecular, and cellular biology have allowed us to unearth a surprising diversity of mechanisms through which these processes occur. Developing an all-encompassing theory of animal regeneration has thus proved a complex endeavor. In this chapter, we frame the evolution and loss of animal regeneration within the broad developmental constraints that may physiologically inhibit regenerative ability across animal phylogeny. We then examine the mouse as a model of regeneration loss, specifically the experimental systems of the digit tip and heart. We discuss the digit tip and heart as a positionally-limited system of regeneration and a temporally-limited system of regeneration, respectively. We delve into the physiological processes involved in both forms of regeneration, and how each phase of the healing and regenerative process may be affected by various molecular signals, systemic changes, or microenvironmental cues. Lastly, we also discuss the various approaches and interventions used to induce or improve the regenerative response in both contexts, and the implications they have for our understanding regenerative ability more broadly.


Asunto(s)
Dedos , Cicatrización de Heridas , Animales , Ratones , Filogenia , Cicatrización de Heridas/fisiología , Corazón
10.
Elife ; 122023 10 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37877560

RESUMEN

During development, much of the enteric nervous system (ENS) arises from the vagal neural crest that emerges from the caudal hindbrain and colonizes the entire gastrointestinal tract. However, a second ENS contribution comes from the sacral neural crest that arises in the caudal neural tube and populates the post-umbilical gut. By coupling single-cell transcriptomics with axial-level-specific lineage tracing in avian embryos, we compared the contributions of embryonic vagal and sacral neural crest cells to the chick ENS and the associated peripheral ganglia (Nerve of Remak and pelvic plexuses). At embryonic day (E) 10, the two neural crest populations form overlapping subsets of neuronal and glia cell types. Surprisingly, the post-umbilical vagal neural crest much more closely resembles the sacral neural crest than the pre-umbilical vagal neural crest. However, some differences in cluster types were noted between vagal and sacral derived cells. Notably, RNA trajectory analysis suggests that the vagal neural crest maintains a neuronal/glial progenitor pool, whereas this cluster is depleted in the E10 sacral neural crest which instead has numerous enteric glia. The present findings reveal sacral neural crest contributions to the hindgut and associated peripheral ganglia and highlight the potential influence of the local environment and/or developmental timing in differentiation of neural crest-derived cells in the developing ENS.


Asunto(s)
Sistema Nervioso Entérico , Cresta Neural , Tracto Gastrointestinal , Neuroglía/metabolismo , Neuronas/fisiología , Movimiento Celular/fisiología
11.
Nat Ecol Evol ; 7(10): 1714-1728, 2023 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37710042

RESUMEN

The vertebrate brain emerged more than ~500 million years ago in common evolutionary ancestors. To systematically trace its cellular and molecular origins, we established a spatially resolved cell type atlas of the entire brain of the sea lamprey-a jawless species whose phylogenetic position affords the reconstruction of ancestral vertebrate traits-based on extensive single-cell RNA-seq and in situ sequencing data. Comparisons of this atlas to neural data from the mouse and other jawed vertebrates unveiled various shared features that enabled the reconstruction of cell types, tissue structures and gene expression programs of the ancestral vertebrate brain. However, our analyses also revealed key tissues and cell types that arose later in evolution. For example, the ancestral brain was probably devoid of cerebellar cell types and oligodendrocytes (myelinating cells); our data suggest that the latter emerged from astrocyte-like evolutionary precursors in the jawed vertebrate lineage. Altogether, our work illuminates the cellular and molecular architecture of the ancestral vertebrate brain and provides a foundation for exploring its diversification during evolution.


Asunto(s)
Petromyzon , Vertebrados , Animales , Ratones , Filogenia , Vertebrados/genética , Petromyzon/genética , Cabeza , Encéfalo
13.
bioRxiv ; 2023 Jul 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37461675

RESUMEN

Retinoic acid (RA) is involved in antero-posterior patterning of the chordate body axis and, in jawed vertebrates, has been shown to play a major role at multiple levels of the gene regulatory network (GRN) regulating hindbrain segmentation. Knowing when and how RA became coupled to the core hindbrain GRN is important for understanding how ancient signaling pathways and patterning genes can evolve and generate diversity. Hence, we investigated the link between RA signaling and hindbrain segmentation in the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus, an important jawless vertebrate model providing clues to decipher ancestral vertebrate features. Combining genomics, gene expression, and functional analyses of major components involved in RA synthesis (Aldh1as) and degradation (Cyp26s), we demonstrate that RA signaling is coupled to hindbrain segmentation in lamprey. Thus, the link between RA signaling and hindbrain segmentation is a pan vertebrate feature of the hindbrain and likely evolved at the base of vertebrates.

14.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 120(30): e2221120120, 2023 07 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37459514

RESUMEN

Bone is an evolutionary novelty of vertebrates, likely to have first emerged as part of ancestral dermal armor that consisted of osteogenic and odontogenic components. Whether these early vertebrate structures arose from mesoderm or neural crest cells has been a matter of considerable debate. To examine the developmental origin of the bony part of the dermal armor, we have performed in vivo lineage tracing in the sterlet sturgeon, a representative of nonteleost ray-finned fish that has retained an extensive postcranial dermal skeleton. The results definitively show that sterlet trunk neural crest cells give rise to osteoblasts of the scutes. Transcriptional profiling further reveals neural crest gene signature in sterlet scutes as well as bichir scales. Finally, histological and microCT analyses of ray-finned fish dermal armor show that their scales and scutes are formed by bone, dentin, and hypermineralized covering tissues, in various combinations, that resemble those of the first armored vertebrates. Taken together, our results support a primitive skeletogenic role for the neural crest along the entire body axis, that was later progressively restricted to the cranial region during vertebrate evolution. Thus, the neural crest was a crucial evolutionary innovation driving the origin and diversification of dermal armor along the entire body axis.


Asunto(s)
Cresta Neural , Vertebrados , Animales , Vertebrados/genética , Cráneo , Osteogénesis , Peces , Evolución Biológica
15.
Nature ; 618(7965): 543-549, 2023 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37225983

RESUMEN

The development of paired appendages was a key innovation during evolution and facilitated the aquatic to terrestrial transition of vertebrates. Largely derived from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), one hypothesis for the evolution of paired fins invokes derivation from unpaired median fins via a pair of lateral fin folds located between pectoral and pelvic fin territories1. Whilst unpaired and paired fins exhibit similar structural and molecular characteristics, no definitive evidence exists for paired lateral fin folds in larvae or adults of any extant or extinct species. As unpaired fin core components are regarded as exclusively derived from paraxial mesoderm, any transition presumes both co-option of a fin developmental programme to the LPM and bilateral duplication2. Here, we identify that the larval zebrafish unpaired pre-anal fin fold (PAFF) is derived from the LPM and thus may represent a developmental intermediate between median and paired fins. We trace the contribution of LPM to the PAFF in both cyclostomes and gnathostomes, supporting the notion that this is an ancient trait of vertebrates. Finally, we observe that the PAFF can be bifurcated by increasing bone morphogenetic protein signalling, generating LPM-derived paired fin folds. Our work provides evidence that lateral fin folds may have existed as embryonic anlage for elaboration to paired fins.


Asunto(s)
Aletas de Animales , Evolución Biológica , Mesodermo , Pez Cebra , Animales , Aletas de Animales/anatomía & histología , Aletas de Animales/embriología , Aletas de Animales/crecimiento & desarrollo , Larva/anatomía & histología , Larva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Mesodermo/anatomía & histología , Mesodermo/embriología , Mesodermo/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pez Cebra/anatomía & histología , Pez Cebra/embriología , Pez Cebra/crecimiento & desarrollo , Proteínas Morfogenéticas Óseas/metabolismo
16.
Differentiation ; 131: 27-37, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37058884

RESUMEN

Neural crest cells along the body axis of avian embryos differ in their developmental potential, such that the cranial neural crest forms cartilage and bone whereas the trunk neural crest is unable to do so. Previous studies have identified a cranial crest-specific subcircuit that can imbue the trunk neural crest with the ability to form cartilage after grafting to the head. Here, we examine transcriptional and cell fate changes that accompany this reprogramming. First, we examined whether reprogrammed trunk neural crest maintain the ability to form cartilage in their endogenous environment in the absence of cues from the head. The results show that some reprogrammed cells contribute to normal trunk neural crest derivatives, whereas others migrate ectopically to the forming vertebrae and express cartilage markers, thus mimicking heterotypically transplanted cranial crest cells. We find that reprogrammed trunk neural crest upregulated more than 3000 genes in common with cranial neural crest, including numerous transcriptional regulators. In contrast, many trunk neural crest genes are downregulated. Together, our findings show that reprogramming trunk neural crest with cranial crest subcircuit genes alters their gene regulatory program and developmental potential to be more cranial crest-like.


Asunto(s)
Cresta Neural , Transcriptoma , Diferenciación Celular , Cartílago , Huesos , Movimiento Celular
17.
bioRxiv ; 2023 Mar 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36993487

RESUMEN

While interactions between neural crest and placode cells are critical for the proper formation of the trigeminal ganglion, the mechanisms underlying this process remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that the microRNA-(miR)203, whose epigenetic repression is required for neural crest migration, is reactivated in coalescing and condensing trigeminal ganglion cells. Overexpression of miR-203 induces ectopic coalescence of neural crest cells and increases ganglion size. Reciprocally, loss of miR-203 function in placode, but not neural crest, cells perturbs trigeminal ganglion condensation. Demonstrating intercellular communication, overexpression of miR-203 in the neural crest in vitro or in vivo represses a miR-responsive sensor in placode cells. Moreover, neural crest-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), visualized using pHluorin-CD63 vector, become incorporated into the cytoplasm of placode cells. Finally, RT-PCR analysis shows that small EVs isolated from condensing trigeminal ganglia are selectively loaded with miR-203. Together, our findings reveal a critical role in vivo for neural crest-placode communication mediated by sEVs and their selective microRNA cargo for proper trigeminal ganglion formation.

18.
Stem Cells ; 41(3): 287-305, 2023 03 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36617947

RESUMEN

Neural crest-like stem cells resembling embryonic neural crest cells (NCs) can be derived from adult human tissues such as the epidermis. However, these cells lose their multipotency rapidly in culture limiting their expansion for clinical use. Here, we show that the multipotency of keratinocyte-derived NCs (KC-NCs) can be preserved by activating the Wnt and BMP signaling axis, promoting expression of key NC-specifier genes and ultimately enhancing their differentiation potential. We also show that transcriptional changes leading to multipotency are linked to metabolic reprogramming of KC-NCs to a highly glycolytic state. Specifically, KC-NCs treated with CHIR and BMP2 rely almost exclusively on glycolysis for their energy needs, as seen by increased lactate production, glucose uptake, and glycolytic enzyme activities. This was accompanied by mitochondrial depolarization and decreased mitochondrial ATP production. Interestingly, the glycolytic end-product lactate stabilized ß-catenin and further augmented NC-gene expression. Taken together, our study shows that activation of the Wnt/BMP signaling coordinates the metabolic demands of neural crest-like stem cells governing decisions regarding multipotency and differentiation, with possible implications for regenerative medicine.


Asunto(s)
Cresta Neural , Células Madre , Humanos , Diferenciación Celular , Vía de Señalización Wnt
19.
Semin Cell Dev Biol ; 138: 15-27, 2023 03 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35760729

RESUMEN

During development of the vertebrate sensory system, many important components like the sense organs and cranial sensory ganglia arise within the head and neck. Two progenitor populations, the neural crest, and cranial ectodermal placodes, contribute to these developing vertebrate peripheral sensory structures. The interactions and contributions of these cell populations to the development of the lens, olfactory, otic, pituitary gland, and cranial ganglia are vital for appropriate peripheral nervous system development. Here, we review the origins of both neural crest and placode cells at the neural plate border of the early vertebrate embryo and investigate the molecular and environmental signals that influence specification of different sensory regions. Finally, we discuss the underlying molecular pathways contributing to the complex vertebrate sensory system from an evolutionary perspective, from basal vertebrates to amniotes.


Asunto(s)
Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Cresta Neural , Animales , Ectodermo/metabolismo , Vertebrados , Organogénesis
20.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 119(51): e2212879119, 2022 12 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36508654

RESUMEN

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dramatic change in cellular physiology during development and metastasis, which requires coordination between cell signaling, adhesion, and membrane protrusions. These processes all involve dynamic changes in the plasma membrane; yet, how membrane lipid content regulates membrane function during EMT remains incompletely understood. By screening for differential expression of lipid-modifying genes over the course of EMT in the avian neural crest, we have identified the ceramide-producing enzyme neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) as a critical regulator of a developmental EMT. nSMase2 expression begins at the onset of EMT, and in vivo knockdown experiments demonstrate that nSMase2 is necessary for neural crest migration. We find that nSMase2 promotes Wnt and BMP signaling and is required to activate the mesenchymal gene expression program. Mechanistically, we show that nSMase2-dependent ceramide production is necessary for and sufficient to up-regulate endocytosis and is required for Wnt co-receptor internalization. Finally, inhibition of endocytosis in the neural crest mimics the loss of migration and Wnt signaling observed following nSMase2 knockdown. Our results support a model in which nSMase2 is expressed at the onset of neural crest EMT to produce ceramide and facilitate receptor-mediated endocytosis of Wnt and BMP signaling complexes, thereby activating promigratory gene expression. These results highlight the critical role of plasma membrane lipid metabolism in regulating transcriptional changes during developmental EMT programs.


Asunto(s)
Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Cresta Neural , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Vía de Señalización Wnt , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Lípidos de la Membrana/metabolismo , Ceramidas/metabolismo , Movimiento Celular/genética
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