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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The goal of this paper is to review the most recent studies evaluating treatments for female sexual dysfunction (FSD), including distressing symptoms of desire, arousal, and orgasm disorder. We divide the sections into psychological and pharmacological. RECENT FINDINGS: There is excellent evidence in favour of mindfulness, cognitive behavioural therapy, and psychoeducation for improving low sexual desire in women, and less evidence in support of these approaches to address other sexual dysfunctions in women. There are two US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved pharmacological treatments for low desire in premenopausal women that have modest benefits above placebo, and a significant proportion of users will experience side effects. Evidence also supports the use of transdermal testosterone for low desire in postmenopausal women. SUMMARY: Sexual dysfunction in women is common and distressing, and there are a variety of psychological and pharmacological treatments. More research is needed to better understand the predictors of a positive treatment response in order to deliver more personalized care.
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PURPOSE: Postpartum depression (PPD) and anxiety (PPA) affect nearly one-quarter (23%) of women in Canada. eHealth is a promising solution for increasing access to postpartum mental healthcare. However, a user-centered approach is not routinely taken in the development of web-enabled resources, leaving postpartum women out of critical decision-making processes. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, usability, and user satisfaction of PostpartumCare.ca, a web-enabled psychoeducational resource for PPD and PPA, created in partnership with postpartum women in British Columbia. METHODS: Participants were randomized to either an intervention group (n = 52) receiving access to PostpartumCare.ca for four weeks, or to a waitlist control group (n = 51). Measures evaluating PPD (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and PPA symptoms (Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale) were completed at baseline, after four weeks, and after a two-week follow-up. User ratings of website usability and satisfaction and website metrics were also collected. RESULTS: PPD and PPA symptoms were significantly reduced for the intervention group only after four weeks, with improvements maintained after a two-week follow-up, corresponding with small-to-medium effect sizes (PPD: partial η2 = 0.03; PPA: partial η2 = 0.04). Intervention participants were also more likely than waitlist controls to recover from clinical levels of PPD symptoms (χ 2 (1, n = 63) = 4.58, p = .032) and PostpartumCare.ca's usability and satisfaction were rated favourably overall. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that a web-enabled psychoeducational resource, created in collaboration with patient partners, can effectively reduce PPD and PPA symptoms, supporting its potential use as a low-barrier option for postpartum women. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Protocol for this trial was preregistered on NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine, ClinicalTrials.gov as of May 2022 (ID No. NCT05382884).
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Mindfulness is defined as present-moment, nonjudgmental awareness. By reducing self-criticism, and depression, and increasing self-compassion, attention, and interoceptive awareness, mindfulness has been found across a variety of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to significantly improve sexual desire, sexual pain, and sex-related distress. It helps individuals connect with their bodies, fostering a deeper understanding of sensations and desires while reducing the focus on negative, judgmental, and catastrophic sex-related and pain-related thoughts. By teaching individuals to focus on bare sensations, mindfulness has also been found to significantly reduce vulvovaginal pain intensity with improvements retained a year later.
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Atención Plena , Humanos , Femenino , Vulvodinia/terapia , Vulvodinia/psicología , Disfunciones Sexuales Psicológicas/terapia , Disfunciones Sexuales Psicológicas/psicología , Libido , Manejo del Dolor/métodos , Dispareunia/terapia , Dispareunia/psicologíaRESUMEN
Over the last two decades, patient engagement in cancer research has evolved significantly, especially in addressing the unique challenges faced by adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer populations. This paper introduces a framework for meaningful engagement with AYA cancer patient research partners, drawing insights from the "FUTURE" Study, a qualitative study that utilizes focus groups to explore the impact of cancer diagnosis and treatment on the sexual and reproductive health of AYA cancer patients in Canada. The framework's development integrates insights from prior works and addresses challenges with patient engagement in research specific to AYA cancer populations. The framework is guided by overarching principles (safety, flexibility, and sensitivity) and includes considerations that apply across all phases of a research study (collaboration; iteration; communication; and equity, diversity, and inclusion) and tasks that apply to specific phases of a research study (developing, conducting, and translating the study). The proposed framework seeks to increase patient engagement in AYA cancer research beyond a supplementary aspect to an integral component for conducting research with impact on patients.
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Neoplasias , Participación del Paciente , Investigación Cualitativa , Humanos , Participación del Paciente/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Neoplasias/psicología , Neoplasias/terapia , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Investigación Biomédica , Canadá , Grupos FocalesRESUMEN
With growing interest in developing digital health tools for treating sexual dysfunction, this pilot study aimed to determine feasibility and gather preliminary efficacy data of a self-led online mindfulness intervention in comparison to an online psychoeducational intervention for women's low sexual desire in a community sample (N = 57). After a four-week intervention, participants showed overall improvements on sexual functioning, orgasm, sexual self-pleasure, sexual self-image, and sexual distress, in both treatment arms. Majority completed assigned homework and felt the intervention enhanced their sexual well-being. This study supports the feasibility of a self-led online mindfulness intervention that could help inform future programs.
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Libido , Atención Plena , Disfunciones Sexuales Psicológicas , Humanos , Femenino , Atención Plena/métodos , Adulto , Disfunciones Sexuales Psicológicas/terapia , Disfunciones Sexuales Psicológicas/psicología , Proyectos Piloto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Intervención basada en la InternetRESUMEN
Unwanted sexual contact (USC) is common in women, and may contribute to sexual dysfunction via avoidance coping techniques. Mindfulness-based treatments, which directly challenge avoidance, have been shown to be effective in treating sexual dysfunction, however, it is not yet clear whether there are differences in trait mindfulness between women with and without a history of USC. We used data from four previous studies and compared trait mindfulness on the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) in women with and without a history of USC. There were no significant differences between the USC and no-USC groups on total FFMQ score, nor on most individual domain scores; however, significant group differences were found on observe and acting with awareness subscales. We speculate on the possible meaning of the USC group having higher observe scores and lower acting with awareness scores compared to the no-USC group.
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Atención Plena , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto Joven , Conducta Sexual/psicología , Parejas Sexuales/psicología , Disfunciones Sexuales Psicológicas/psicología , Disfunciones Sexuales Psicológicas/terapia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adaptación PsicológicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Models depicting sexual desire as responsive to sexual arousal may be particularly apt for women experiencing arousal or desire difficulties, and the degree to which arousal triggers desire may depend on the relationship context and desire target and timing-yet, these associations have not been directly tested among women with and without sexual interest/arousal disorder (SIAD). AIM: To assess the role of SIAD status and relationship satisfaction in the associations between genital arousal and 4 types of responsive desire. METHODS: One hundred women (n = 27 meeting diagnostic criteria for SIAD) in romantic relationships with men viewed a sexual film (pleasurable intimate depiction of oral sex and penile-vaginal intercourse) while their genital arousal was recorded via vaginal photoplethysmography (n = 63) or thermal imaging of the labia (n = 37). Partner and solitary desire was assessed immediately before and after the film (immediate desire) and 3 days later (delayed desire). OUTCOMES: Outcomes consisted of genital response (z scored by method) and associations between genital response and responsive sexual desire. RESULTS: The key difference between women with and without SIAD was not in their ability to experience genital arousal but in how their genital responses translated to responsive sexual desire. Women with SIAD actually exhibited greater genital arousal than unaffected women. Associations between genital arousal and desire were significant only for women with SIAD and depended on relationship satisfaction and desire type. For women with SIAD with low relationship satisfaction, higher arousal predicted lower immediate desire for a partner; for those with high relationship satisfaction, arousal was either positively related (vaginal photoplethysmography) or unrelated (thermal imaging of the labia) to immediate desire for a partner. Associations with other desire types were not significant. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Patterns of genital arousal and partner-specific responsive desire among women affected with SIAD were indicative of an avoidance model in response to heightened genital arousal, unless relationship satisfaction was high; attending to genital arousal sensations could be a means of triggering sexual desire for women with SIAD who are satisfied in their relationships. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: This is one of the first sexual psychophysiologic studies to connect relationship factors to patterns of sexual response. The differing arousal assessment procedures and lack of official diagnosis may have attenuated results. The homogeneous sample and in-person session requirement limit generalizability. CONCLUSION: When compared with unaffected women, women affected by SIAD may exhibit stronger arousal responses with sufficiently incentivized sexual stimuli, and the connection between their genital arousal and responsive desire for their partners may be stronger and more dependent on relationship context.
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Libido , Fotopletismografía , Excitación Sexual , Disfunciones Sexuales Psicológicas , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Libido/fisiología , Disfunciones Sexuales Psicológicas/fisiopatología , Disfunciones Sexuales Psicológicas/psicología , Vagina/fisiopatología , Adulto Joven , Satisfacción Personal , Parejas Sexuales/psicología , Conducta Sexual/fisiología , Conducta Sexual/psicologíaRESUMEN
Low desire in women is the most common sexual difficulty, and stress has been identified as a significant predictor of symptoms. We evaluated a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) group treatment versus a sex education comparison group treatment (STEP) on self-reported stress and on the physiological stress response measured via morning-to-evening cortisol slope in 148 women with a diagnosis of sexual interest/arousal disorder (SIAD). Perceived stress decreased following treatment in both groups, and significantly more after MBCT. The cortisol slope was steeper (indicative of better stress system regulation) from pre-treatment to 6-month follow-up, with no differences between the groups. As an exploratory analysis, we found that the reduction in perceived stress predicted increases in sexual desire and decreases in sex-related distress for participants after MBCT only. These findings suggest that group mindfulness targeting women with low sexual desire leads to improvements in self-reported and physiological stress, with improvements in self-reported stress partially accounting for improvements in sexual desire and distress.
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Hidrocortisona , Atención Plena , Educación Sexual , Disfunciones Sexuales Psicológicas , Estrés Psicológico , Humanos , Femenino , Atención Plena/métodos , Estrés Psicológico/terapia , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Adulto , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Hidrocortisona/análisis , Disfunciones Sexuales Psicológicas/terapia , Disfunciones Sexuales Psicológicas/psicología , Educación Sexual/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Libido/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Sexual difficulties and vaginal pain are common following treatment for breast cancer. AIM: The goal of this study was to evaluate an online mindfulness-based group sex therapy vs an online supportive sex education group therapy to address these sexual difficulties. METHODS: Breast cancer survivors (n = 118) were randomized to 1 of the 2 arms; 116 provided informed consent and completed the time 1 assessment. Treatment included 8 weekly 2-hour online group sessions. Those randomized to the mindfulness group completed daily mindfulness exercises, and those in the comparison arm read and completed exercises pertaining to sex education. OUTCOMES: Assessments were repeated at posttreatment and 6 months after the completion of the group. RESULTS: There was a main effect of treatment on primary endpoints of sexual desire, sexual distress, and vaginal pain, with all outcomes showing significant improvements, with no differential impact by treatment arm. Secondary endpoints of interoceptive awareness, mindfulness, and rumination about sex also significantly improved with both treatments, with no group-by-time interaction. CONCLUSION: Both mindfulness-based sex therapy and supportive sex education delivered in group format online are effective for improving many facets of sexual function, vaginal pain, rumination, mindfulness, and interoceptive awareness in breast cancer survivors. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: We used a randomized methodology. Future studies should seek to diversify participants. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: These findings highlight the need to offer similar treatments to more breast cancer survivors immediately after and in the years following cancer treatment as a means of improving survivorship quality of life.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Supervivientes de Cáncer , Atención Plena , Psicoterapia de Grupo , Educación Sexual , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas , Humanos , Atención Plena/métodos , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama/complicaciones , Neoplasias de la Mama/psicología , Supervivientes de Cáncer/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas/terapia , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas/etiología , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas/psicología , Psicoterapia de Grupo/métodos , Educación Sexual/métodos , Adulto , Disfunciones Sexuales Psicológicas/terapia , Disfunciones Sexuales Psicológicas/psicología , Disfunciones Sexuales Psicológicas/etiología , Intervención basada en la InternetRESUMEN
Low interest in sexual activity and impaired sexual response are among women's most frequent sexual concerns. Mindfulness-based treatments improve low sexual desire and arousal and associated distress. One theorized mechanism of change is the cultivation of increased mind-body awareness via greater concordance between psychological and physiological components of sexual response. We examined sexual psychophysiology data from 148 cisgender women randomized to receive mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MCBT: n = 70) or supportive sex education (STEP: n = 78) over eight weekly group sessions. Women completed in-lab assessments of subjective, affective, and genital sexual responses to an erotic film pre- and post-treatment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Both groups showed positive changes in sexual and affective responses, but these were generally more pronounced for MBCT. MCBT increased sexual concordance to a greater degree, and gains in sexual concordance predicted improvements in sexual distress throughout treatment.
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To correlate pain-related phenotyping for central nervous system sensitization in endometriosis-associated pain with mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic, the prospective Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Interdisciplinary Cohort (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02911090) was linked to the COVID-19 Rapid Evidence Study of a Provincial Population-Based Cohort for Gender and Sex (RESPPONSE) dataset. The primary outcomes were depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) scores during the pandemic. The explanatory variables of interest were the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) score (0-100) and endometriosis-associated chronic pain comorbidities/psychological variables before the pandemic. The explanatory and response variables were assessed for correlation, followed by multivariable regression analyses adjusting for PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores pre-pandemic as well as age, body mass index, and parity. A higher CSI score and a greater number of chronic pain comorbidities before the pandemic were both positively correlated with PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores during the pandemic. These associations remained significant in adjusted analyses. Increasing the CSI score by 10 was associated with an increase in pandemic PHQ-9 by .74 points (P < .0001) and GAD-7 by .73 points (P < .0001) on average. Each additional chronic pain comorbidity/psychological variable was associated with an increase in pandemic PHQ-9 by an average of .63 points (P = .0004) and GAD-7 by .53 points (P = .0002). Endometriosis patients with a history of central sensitization before the pandemic had worse mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a risk factor for mental health symptoms in the face of major stressors, clinical proxies for central sensitization can be used to identify endometriosis patients who may need additional support. PERSPECTIVE: This article adds to the growing literature of the clinical importance of central sensitization in endometriosis patients, who had more symptoms of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical features of central sensitization may help clinicians identify endometriosis patients needing additional support when facing major stressors.
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Ansiedad , COVID-19 , Sensibilización del Sistema Nervioso Central , Depresión , Endometriosis , Humanos , Endometriosis/psicología , Endometriosis/epidemiología , Endometriosis/complicaciones , Femenino , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/psicología , Adulto , Sensibilización del Sistema Nervioso Central/fisiología , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/etiología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/etiología , Comorbilidad , Dolor Crónico/epidemiología , Dolor Crónico/psicología , Estudios Prospectivos , Dolor Pélvico/epidemiología , Dolor Pélvico/psicología , Dolor Pélvico/etiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Salud MentalRESUMEN
Sex differences in mate preferences are ubiquitous, having been evidenced across generations and cultures. Their prevalence and persistence have compellingly placed them in the evolutionarily adaptive context of sexual selection. However, the psycho-biological mechanisms contributing to their generation and maintenance remain poorly understood. As such a mechanism, sexual attraction is assumed to guide interest, desire, and the affinity toward specific partner features. However, whether sexual attraction can indeed explain sex differences in partner preferences has not been explicitly tested. To better understand how sex and sexual attraction shape mate preferences in humans we assessed how partner preferences differed across the spectrum of sexual attraction in a sample of 479 individuals that identified as asexual, gray-sexual, demisexual or allosexual. We further tested whether romantic attraction predicted preference profiles better than sexual attraction. Our results show that sexual attraction accounts for highly replicable sex differences in mate preferences for high social status and financial prospects, conscientiousness, and intelligence; however, it does not account for the enhanced preference for physical attractiveness expressed by men, which persists even in individuals with low sexual attraction. Instead, sex differences in physical attractiveness preference are better explained by the degree of romantic attraction. Furthermore, effects of sexual attraction on sex differences in partner preferences were grounded in current rather than previous experiences of sexual attraction. Taken together, the results support the idea that contemporary sex differences in partner preferences are maintained by several psycho-biological mechanisms that evolved in conjunction, including not only sexual but also romantic attraction.
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Caracteres Sexuales , Conducta Sexual , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Parejas SexualesRESUMEN
Virtual Reality (VR)-based treatments for anxiety disorders are efficacious but there is a lack of research examining anxious responses to VR erotica, which could innovate treatments for sexual difficulties. We examined erotica features that elicited anxiety and sexual presence in women. Thirty-eight women viewed erotic videos from different modalities (2D, VR) and points of view (1st, 3rd person) and completed anxiety and sexual presence measures before and after each video. Women experienced greater anxiety for VR than 2D films and reported the most anxiety for VR 1st person films. Sexual presence was affected by modality and point of view.
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Literatura Erótica , Realidad Virtual , Humanos , Femenino , Ansiedad , Conducta Sexual/fisiología , Trastornos de AnsiedadRESUMEN
We evaluated the relationship between cost-related non-adherence (CRNA) and depressive symptoms. Pooling data from the 2015, 2016, 2018, and 2019 annual Canadian Community Health Survey, we analyzed the relationship between CRNA and moderate to severe depressive symptoms, assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Among the sample, 4.9% experienced CRNA and 6.8% experienced moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Respondents who reported CRNA had 1.51 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51-1.52) greater odds of experiencing moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Stratified analysis by sex and race showed the association between CRNA and depressive symptoms was greatest among racialized males (aOR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.81- 1.85). Stratified analysis by sex and Indigeneity showed this association was greatest for Indigenous males (aOR: 2.16, 95% CI: 2.10-2.22). Forgoing prescribed medications due to cost is associated with more severe depressive symptoms among Canadians, particularly racialized and Indigenous males.
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Depresión , Pueblos de América del Norte , Salud Pública , Humanos , Masculino , Canadá/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/complicaciones , ARN Complementario , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , FemeninoRESUMEN
According to models of responsive sexual desire, desire emerges from sexual arousal. This study examined how sexual desire type (dyadic-partner, dyadic-other, solitary) and relationship satisfaction affect the connection between subjective sexual arousal (SSA) and desire. Women (N = 100; 27% with sexual interest/arousal disorder symptoms) reported SSA while viewing a sexual film. Solitary and dyadic responsive sexual desire were assessed immediately before and following the film (immediate desire) and three days later (delayed desire). SSA predicted higher immediate solitary desire. SSA also predicted higher immediate dyadic desire, and this link was stronger for those with higher relationship satisfaction; for those with low relationship satisfaction, SSA was unrelated. For delayed desire, SSA predicted higher dyadic-partner desire, regardless of relationship satisfaction. SSA also predicted higher dyadic-other desire, yet this association was stronger for those with low relationship satisfaction; for those with high relationship satisfaction, SSA was unrelated to dyadic-other desire. Findings support the theoretical premise that desire emerges from arousal, but that this connection is dependent upon additional factors, specifically the target and timing of desire and participants' current relationship quality. Relationship satisfaction may affect the motivational value of sex with (and without) a current partner.
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Libido , Excitación Sexual , Femenino , Humanos , Conducta Sexual , Motivación , Satisfacción Personal , Parejas SexualesRESUMEN
STUDY BACKGROUND: Gender-based violence is a global concern. The perinatal period is a crucial time for early identification of the harmful impact of violence on the well-being of both mothers and infants. However, it has been observed that many women choose not to disclose their experiences to their healthcare providers. PURPOSE: To gain insight into this issue, a study was conducted to explore the perspectives of both survivors and healthcare providers regarding the barriers to disclosure. METHODS: Through the utilization of a thematic analysis approach, a total of 28 interviews were conducted, involving 12 survivors and 16 healthcare providers. RESULTS: Data analysis revealed barriers to disclosure at the individual, community, and healthcare system levels. CONCLUSION: Health-care providers have a pivotal role in creating an atmosphere where women are encouraged to break the silence and a paradigm shift in the health system approach towards GBV is necessary.
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Revelación , Violencia de Género , Embarazo , Humanos , Femenino , Violencia , Atención a la Salud , Investigación CualitativaRESUMEN
Approximately 1 in 3 women experience low sexual desire. Despite this being a common concern, many women never seek professional help for their difficulties and will instead turn to online resources for information. We sought to address this need for digitally-accessible, evidence-based information on low sexual desire by creating a social media Knowledge Translation (KT) campaign called #DebunkingDesire. Our team led a 10 month social media campaign where our primary outcomes for the campaign were impressions, reach, and engagement. We generated over 300,000 social media impressions; appeared on 11 different podcasts that were listened to/downloaded 154,700 times; hosted and participated in eight online events; and attracted website users from 110 different countries. Over the course of the campaign we compiled lessons learned on what worked for disseminating our key messages and the importance of creating community for this population. These findings point to the utility of using social media as part of KT campaigns in sexual health, and to the importance of collaborating with patient partners and considering social media ads and podcasts to meet reach goals.
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Promoción de la Salud , Medios de Comunicación Sociales , Humanos , Femenino , Conducta Sexual , Ciencias SocialesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Approximately half of people with endometriosis experience deep dyspareunia; however, there is no means of objective self-testing of endometriosis-associated deep dyspareunia. AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability, test-retest reliability, and validity of a vaginal insert for a self-assessment of endometriosis-associated deep dyspareunia. METHODS: Participants were recruited from a tertiary endometriosis center. Inclusion criteria were: 19 to 49 years of age, self-reported deep dyspareunia of ≥4 of 10, and surgically confirmed endometriosis. Participants completed 2 self-assessments using the vaginal insert to self-assess tenderness at the right and left pelvic floor, bladder, cervix-uterus, and posterior cul-de-sac (vaginal fornix). The participants recorded tenderness at each pelvic site and completed a questionnaire regarding the acceptability of the vaginal insert to assess deep dyspareunia. Test-retest reliability was assessed by correlating the tenderness scores between the 2 assessment dates. Over a 4-week period, the participants also recorded deep dyspareunia severity at each penetrative vaginal sex encounter. Validity was assessed by correlating vaginal insert tenderness to deep dyspareunia severity, and also to tenderness reported on a prior gynecologic pelvic examination. OUTCOMES: The main outcome measures were the acceptability index score, tenderness (0-10) at each pelvic site, and prospective deep dyspareunia scores (0-10) over 4 weeks. RESULTS: There were 19 participants (mean age 34 ± 7 years) who completed the study. The majority identified as female (94.7%), heterosexual (89.5%), and white (89.5%). The median acceptability index score was 0.72 (interquartile range, 0.66-0.81). For test-retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.79 (P = .001) for the left pelvic floor, 0.82 (P < .001) for the right pelvic floor, 0.54 (P = .07) for the bladder, 0.89 (P < .001) for the cervix-uterus, and 0.77 (P = .003) for the cul-de-sac. The correlation between the highest self-assessed mean tenderness in each participant and self-reported deep dyspareunia over 4 weeks was r = 0.32, but correlations for each pelvic site varied significantly. Tenderness at each site on prior gynecologist pelvic exam was associated with higher self-assessed mean tenderness with the vaginal insert in each participant (effect sizes = 0.42-0.88). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The vaginal insert is acceptable and reliable for the objective self-assessment of endometriosis-associated deep dyspareunia, with initial evidence of validity. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: A strength was the inclusion of participants who were avoiding sexual activity and a limitation was the small sample size. CONCLUSION: Future studies with larger sample sizes are required to further establish the validity of the vaginal insert for the self-assessment of endometriosis-associated deep dyspareunia.
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Dispareunia , Endometriosis , Femenino , Humanos , Adulto , Endometriosis/complicaciones , Endometriosis/diagnóstico , Dolor Pélvico/complicaciones , Estudios Transversales , Autoevaluación (Psicología) , Estudios Prospectivos , Dispareunia/etiología , Dispareunia/complicaciones , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Sexual health outcomes (SHO), which entail the physical, emotional, mental, and social impacts, are an important consideration for adolescent and young adults (AYA, ages 15-39) affected by cancer. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the current literature and evaluate AYA cancer impact on SHO. METHODS: EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched from January 1, 2000 to September 28, 2022 to identify epidemiologic studies that used an analytic observational design, included individuals with AYA cancer and non-cancer control participants, and evaluated SHO. Odds ratios and prevalence ratios were calculated; random effects models were used to obtain pooled measures where possible. RESULTS: Of 2621 articles, 8 were included that investigated 23 SHO in 9038 AYA cancer patients. Based on the sexual response cycle, outcomes were categorized as those occurring among males (desire = 1, arousal = 1, orgasm = 4, other = 3) and females (desire = 2, arousal = 1, orgasm = 2, pain = 6, other = 3). It was feasible to conduct meta-analysis for 3 female SHO and 5 male SHO. There were associations between AYA cancer and 3 SHO: vaginal dryness (pooled odds ratio = 3.94; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.02 to 7.70), ejaculatory dysfunction (pooled odds ratio = 3.66; 95% CI = 2.20 to 6.08), and testosterone level (pooled mean difference = -2.56 nmol/liter; 95% CI = -3.46 to -1.66; P = .00001). CONCLUSION: This study found increased ejaculatory dysfunction and reduced testosterone levels in male AYA cancer patients and increased vaginal dryness in female AYA cancer patients, highlighting the need for sexual health resources in this population.
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Neoplasias , Conducta Sexual , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Orgasmo , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Testosterona , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de SaludRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The increased stress the world experienced with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic affected mental health, disproportionately affecting females. However, how perceived stress in the first year affected menstrual and menopausal symptoms has not yet been investigated. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluates the effect that the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic had on female reproductive and mental health. METHODS: Residents in British Columbia, Canada, were surveyed online as part of the COVID-19 Rapid Evidence Study of a Provincial Population-Based Cohort for Gender and Sex. A subgroup of participants (n = 4171), who were assigned female sex at birth (age 25-69 years) and were surveyed within the first 6-12 months of the pandemic (August 2020-February 2021), prior to the widespread rollout of vaccines, was retrospectively asked if they noticed changes in their menstrual or menopausal symptoms, and completing validated measures of stress, depression and anxiety. DESIGN: This is a population-based online retrospective survey. RESULTS: We found that 27.8% reported menstrual cycle disturbances and 6.7% reported increased menopause symptoms. Those who scored higher on perceived stress, depression and anxiety scales were more likely to report reproductive cycle disturbances. Free-text responses revealed that reasons for disturbances were perceived to be related to the pandemic. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to research female-specific health issues, such as menstruation. Our data indicate that in the first year of the pandemic, almost one-third of the menstruating population reported disturbances in their cycle, which was related to percieved stress, depression and anxiety scores.