RESUMEN
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are highly heterogeneous and potentially malignant tumors arising from secretory cells of the neuroendocrine system. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are the most common subtype of NENs. Historically, GEP-NENs have been regarded as infrequent and slow-growing malignancies; however, recent data have demonstrated that the worldwide prevalence and incidence of GEP-NENs have increased exponentially over the last three decades. In addition, an increasing number of studies have proven that GEP-NENs result in a limited life expectancy. These findings suggested that the natural biology of GEP-NENs is more aggressive than commonly assumed. Therefore, there is an urgent need for advanced researches focusing on the diagnosis and management of patients with GEP-NENs. In this review, we have summarized the limitations and recent advancements in our comprehension of the epidemiology, clinical presentations, pathology, molecular biology, diagnosis, and treatment of GEP-NETs to identify factors contributing to delays in diagnosis and timely treatment of these patients.
Asunto(s)
Tumores Neuroendocrinos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/terapia , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/epidemiología , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/terapia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Gástricas/terapia , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Intestinales/terapia , Neoplasias Intestinales/epidemiología , Neoplasias Intestinales/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent programmed cell death. Regulation of ferroptosis in tumor cells is a novel treatment modality. The present study aimed to investigate ferroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and construct a prognostic model for colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). RNA- sequencing data and ferroptosis-related genes were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and FerrDb database. COAD patients were randomly assigned to training- and validation groups. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression and Cox regression model were used to determine and develop a predictive model. The model was corroborated using the validation group and the entire group. In total, 259 ferroptosis-related genes and 905 ferroptosis-related LncRNAs were obtained. Cox model revealed and constructed seven ferroptosis-related LncRNAs signature (LINC01503, AC004687.1, AC010973.2, AP001189.3, ARRDC1-AS1, OIP5-AS1, and NCK1-DT). Patients were assigned into two groups according to the median risk score. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that overall survival between high- and low-risk groups was statistically significant (P<0.01). Cox multivariate analysis seven ferroptosis-related LncRNAs signature was an independent risk factor for COAD outcomes (P<0.05). The relationship between seven ferroptosis-related LncRNAs and clinicopathological features was also examined. The principal component analysis showed a difference between high- and low-risk groups intuitively. With the aid of gene set enrichment analysis, the underlying mechanisms of seven ferroptosis-related LncRNAs were uncovered, including the MAPK signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, and glutathione metabolism pathway. Finally, we established and validated seven ferroptosis-related lncRNAs signature for COAD patients to predict survival. These results may provide meaningful targets for future study.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Neoplasias del Colon/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Colon/genética , Ferroptosis , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Anciano , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Femenino , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Genes Relacionados con las Neoplasias , Genoma Humano , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis de Componente Principal , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Riesgo , Medición de Riesgo , Transducción de Señal , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
A co-catalyst of (PPh3)AuCl/AgOTf for the intermolecular hydroamination of allenes with sulfonamides is shown. The reaction proceeded smoothly under mild conditions for differently substituted allenes giving N-allylic sulfonamides in good yields with high regioselectivity and E-selectivity.