The Investigation of Kisspeptin, Spexin and Galanin in Euthyroid Women with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.

OBJECTIVE: The hallmarks of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) include the destruction of thyroid cells by leading to insulin resistance (IR), hypothyroidism, and metabolic abnormalities. Kisspeptin, spexin, and galanin control appetite and body weight (BW) to regulate metabolisms. Here, we sought to determine if galanin, kisspeptin, and spexin are linked to the pathophysiology of HT in euthyroid female individuals. METHODS: Forty-five women with HT and 45 healthy control women of the same age participated in the current study. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to measure the serum levels of galanin, spexin, and kisspeptin. RESULTS: In comparison to the controls, HT patients had significantly higher levels of kisspeptin (p < 0.01), galanin (p < 0.01), anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) (p < 0.001), anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) (p < 0.001), and body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.05). The two groups were comparable in terms of spexin, free triiodothyronine-3 (fT3), fT4, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Galanin and kisspeptin were seen to have a positive correlation (p < 0.01; r = 0.786). CONCLUSIONS: Euthyroid women with HT were found to have higher levels of kisspeptin and galanin. These results imply that kisspeptin and galanin may be linked to the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism, and as a result, we believe that these markers may be beneficial in the early detection and treatment of HT patients.

The Levels of Phoenixin-14 and Phoenixin-20 in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

BACKGROUND: New pathogenesis-related early detection markers are needed to prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine phoenixin (PNX)-14 and PNX-20 levels in T2DM patients and investigate their relationship with diabetes. METHODS: 36 T2DM patients and 36 healthy controls were included in the study, and PNX-14 and PNX-20 levels in blood samples taken from the groups were measured by ELISA method. RESULTS: Patients' serum PNX-14 and PNX-20 levels were statistically significantly lower than in controls (p <0.001). A negative correlation was detected between PNX-14 and BMI, fasting blood sugar, HbA1c%, and HOMA-IR. A negative correlation was found between PNX-20 and BMI, fasting insulin and glucose, HbA1c%, and HO-MA-IR. A positive correlation was noticed between PNX-14 and PNX-20 levels. In ROC analyses, PNX-14 and PNX-20 performed almost equally in predicting T2DM. In predicting T2DM, the area under the ROC curve for PNX-14 was 0.874 (cutoff value 413.4 ng/L, sensitivity 89 %, specificity 72%), and for PNX-20 was 0.858 (cutoff value 228.7 ng/L, sensitivity 80 %, specificity 83 %). CONCLUSION: This study shows that serum PNX measurement may have a high level of evidence in predicting T2DM. PNX, related to pathogenesis, may be useful in diagnosing T2DM and other information to support clinical decision-making.

Investigation of cardiovascular risk parameters in adolescents with metabolic syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases is a chronic multifactorial syndrome, associated with low-grade inflammation status. In our study, we aimed at assessing the serum levels of follistatin (FST), pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), and platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) in adolescent patients with metabolic syndrome. METHODS: This study was performed in 43 (19 males, 24 females) metabolic syndrome adolescents and 37 lean controls matched for age and sex. The serum levels of FST, PECAM-1, and PAPP-A were measured by using ELISA method. RESULTS: Serum FST and PAPP-A levels in metabolic syndrome were significantly higher than those of controls (p < 0.005 and p < 0.05). However, there was no difference in serum PECAM-1 levels between metabolic syndrome and control groups (p = 0.927). There was a significant positive correlation between serum FST and triglyceride (r = 0.252; p < 0.05), and PAPP-A and weight, (r = 0.252; p < 0.05) in metabolic syndrome groups. Follistatin was determined statistically significant in both univariate (p = 0,008) and multivariate (p = 0,011) logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated a significant relationship between FST and PAPP-A levels and metabolic syndrome. These findings offer the possibility of using these markers in diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in adolescents as the prevention of the future complications.

Are decreased cocaine- and amphetamine regulated transcript and Agouti- related peptide levels associated Eating behavior in medication-free children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder?

This study aimed to investigate plasma levels of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), agouti-related protein (AgRP), cholecystokinin (CCK) and peptide YY (PYY) and their relationship with eating behaviors among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy controls. A total of 94 medication-free children with ADHD and 82 controls aged 8-14 years were included in this study. The Plasma levels of CART, AgRP, CCK and PYY were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) was used to assess eating behaviors in children. CART and AgRP levels were found to be significantly lower in the ADHD group than in the control group, while CCK levels were found to be significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the control group. However, there was no significant difference in PYY levels between the groups. Compared to controls, those with ADHD demonstrated significantly higher scores on the CEBQ subscales of food responsiveness, emotional overeating, desire to drink, enjoyment of food, and food fussiness, and significantly lower scores on the slowness of eating subscale. CART was significantly correlated with emotional overeating and enjoyment of food scores, while AgRP was significantly correlated with emotional undereating scores. Covariance analysis was performed by controlling potential confounders such as body mass index, age and sex, and the results were found to be unchanged. It was concluded that CART, AgRP, and CCK may play a potential role in the pathogenesis of ADHD.

Serum trimethylamine N-oxide and lipopolysaccharide binding protein levels among children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.

In the literature, there have been several studies available investigating the relationship between autism spectrum disorder and intestinal permeability. In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between the levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which is a parameter associated with intestinal permeability, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), which is a marker associated with bacterial translocation from the intestine, in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and healthy controls. Fifty-three children with ASD as the patient group and 30 healthy children as the control group have been included in the study. The diagnostic evaluation has been made according to DSM-5 criteria. According to the obtained results, there has been no significant difference between groups in terms of serum TMAO and LBP levels. Considering the existence of various studies that found different results on ASD and intestinal permeability, it is thought that the studies conducted in this field that did not find statistically different results will also make a contribution to the literature.

Some miRNA expressions and their targets in ischemic stroke.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a global health challenge leading to life-long disabilities or the deaths of patients. IS is a complex disease where genetic and environmental factors are both concerned with the pathophysiology of the condition. Here, we aimed to investigate various microRNA (miRNA) expressions and their targets in IS. A rapid and accurate diagnosis of acute IS is important to perform appropriate treatment. Therefore, there is a need for a more rapid and simple tool to carry out an acute diagnosis of IS. miRNAs are small RNA molecules serving as precious biomarkers due to their easy detection and stability in blood samples. The present systematic review aimed to summarize previous studies investigating several miRNA expressions and their targets in IS.

Investigation of serum phoenixin levels in patients with hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death worldwide. Phoenixin is a newly identified neuropeptide with multiple bioactivity. However, there was no published data about phoenixin levels in hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between phoenixin and hypertension. METHODS: This study was performed in 36 patients with hypertension and 36 healthy controls. Serum phoenixin-14 and phoenixin-20 levels were determined by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay method. RESULTS: Serum phoenixin-14 and phoenixin-20 values were significantly lower in hypertension patients compared with the control group (p<0.001). The levels of phoenixin-14 were negatively correlated with weight (r=-0.376; p<0.005), body mass index (r=-0.407; p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (r=-0.586; p<0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.319; p<0.01). There was a negative correlation between serum phoenixin-20 and weight (r=-0.378; p<0.005), body mass index (r=-0.383; p<0.005), systolic blood pressure (r=-0.551; p<0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.306; p<0.01). We used receiver operating characteristic curve analyses to compare the diagnosis value of Phoenixin-14 and Phoenixin-20 levels in hypertensive patients. We found that Phoenixin-14 value is an area under the curve of 0.87 (cutoff value 404.7 ng/L, sensitivity 92%, specificity 72%) and Phoenixin-20 value is an area under the curve of 0.83 (cutoff value 209.9 ng/L, sensitivity 86%, specificity 75%). Phoenixin-14 did nearly show equally compared to phoenixin-20 in predicting hypertension. CONCLUSION: Serum phoenixin-14 and phoenixin-20 may be related to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Our findings indicated that serum phoenixin-14 and phoenixin-20 may serve as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of hypertension.

Investigation of serum phoenixin levels in patients with hypertension

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death worldwide. Phoenixin is a newly identified neuropeptide with multiple bioactivity. However, there was no published data about phoenixin levels in hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between phoenixin and hypertension. METHODS: This study was performed in 36 patients with hypertension and 36 healthy controls. Serum phoenixin-14 and phoenixin-20 levels were determined by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay method. RESULTS: Serum phoenixin-14 and phoenixin-20 values were significantly lower in hypertension patients compared with the control group (p<0.001). The levels of phoenixin-14 were negatively correlated with weight (r=-0.376; p<0.005), body mass index (r=-0.407; p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (r=-0.586; p<0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.319; p<0.01). There was a negative correlation between serum phoenixin-20 and weight (r=-0.378; p<0.005), body mass index (r=-0.383; p<0.005), systolic blood pressure (r=-0.551; p<0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.306; p<0.01). We used receiver operating characteristic curve analyses to compare the diagnosis value of Phoenixin-14 and Phoenixin-20 levels in hypertensive patients. We found that Phoenixin-14 value is an area under the curve of 0.87 (cutoff value 404.7 ng/L, sensitivity 92%, specificity 72%) and Phoenixin-20 value is an area under the curve of 0.83 (cutoff value 209.9 ng/L, sensitivity 86%, specificity 75%). Phoenixin-14 did nearly show equally compared to phoenixin-20 in predicting hypertension. CONCLUSION: Serum phoenixin-14 and phoenixin-20 may be related to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Our findings indicated that serum phoenixin-14 and phoenixin-20 may serve as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of hypertension.

The investigation of levels of endothelial cell-specific molecule, progranuline, clusterin, and human epididymis protein 4 in the differential diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions.

BACKGROUND: Progranulin (PGRN), endothelial cell-specific molecule-1, clusterin (CLU), and human epididymis protein 4 (HE-4) are novel proteins reported to have diagnostic and prognostic potential in lung cancer. Here, we aimed to identify the markers with high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing malignant pleural fluids from other pleural fluids. METHODS: This prospective, descriptive study was conducted at a medical faculty hospital between 2016 and 2019. The study population consisted of 90 patients <18 years of age with pleural effusion (PE). Levels of pleural fluids of PGRN, endothelial cell-specific molecule-1, CLU, and HE-4 were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits under the manufacturer's manual. RESULTS: Of 90 patients, 54 were men, and 36 were women (mean age 65 ±â€…16 years). Of pleural fluids investigated, 23 (25%) and 67 (74%) were transudates and exudates, respectively. Of exudates, while 27 (40%) and 19 (28%) were parapneumonic PE and tuberculous PE, respectively, 20 (29%) were malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Levels of all biomarkers in exudate fluids were found significantly higher than those of transudate fluids. CLU, HE-4, and PGRN levels in MPE were also found significantly higher than benign fluids (P < .05). Cutoff values were achieved by receiver operating characteristics analysis for CLU, HE-4, and PGRN to distinguish between malignant and benign groups. For diagnosis of MPE, the sensitivity and specificity values were found as 0.66 and 0.67 for a cutoff value of CLU of 18.29 mg/L (P = .00), as 0.76 and 0.76 for a cutoff value of HE-4 of 9.33 mg/L (P = .00), and as 0.66 and 0.67 for a cutoff value of PGRN of 105.91 mg/L (P = .001). CONCLUSION: HE-4 having high sensitivity and specificity can be a potential diagnostic marker in distinguishing between malignant and benign effusions, and these findings can constitute a basis for future research.

Serum sclerostin level and its relation to subclinical atherosclerosis in the polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes: A prospective controlled study

Objective: We aim to study the relationship between atherosclerosis and serum sclerostin levels in different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Materials and Methods: A total of 134 women with PCOS and 33 age-matched controls participated in this study. Women with PCOS were further divided into subgroups based on their PCOS phenotypes: phenotype A (n=35), phenotype B (n=33), phenotype C (n=31), and phenotype D (n=35). Metabolic parameters, hormonal parameters, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and sclerostin levels were compared among the PCOS phenotypes. Results: Statistically significant differences occurred among groups regarding follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, Ferriman-Gallwey score, total testosterone, and free androgen index. The mean CIMT was statistically higher in all PCOS phenotypes than in controls. In subgroup comparison, phenotypes A and B had a higher body mass index (BMI) adjusted CIMT than other phenotypes, respectively (p=0.005). Serum sclerostin levels were higher in PCOS patients than in controls. A concentration of ≥6.297 ng/mL showed a sensitivity of 56% and a specificity of 69.7% to predict PCOS. The BMI-adjusted sclerostin level was significantly higher in phenotype C (20.3±0.7 ng/mL) than in other phenotypes. Conclusion: Patients with phenotypes A and B seem to have an increased risk for atherosclerosis. Although sclerostin was higher in PCOS patients, we could not demonstrate the relation between sclerostin and atherosclerosis in different PCOS phenotypes.

Investigation of serum vitamin D and ischaemia-modified albumin levels in infertile Turkish men.

Our aim was to explore the existence of a possible relationship of sperm motility with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH VD) levels and with ischaemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels in infertile Turkish men. A total of 30 men with nonobstructive azoospermia (no spermatozoa in ejaculate), 30 men with oligospermia (total progressive motile sperm count (TPMSC) <15 × 106 /ml) and 33 fertile men with normospermia (with at least one child, as the control group) were enrolled in the study. The mean 25-OH VD levels for groups 1, 2 and 3 were 9.31 ± 6.46, 19.71 ± 12.80 and 30.52 ± 12.49 respectively (p < .05). There was a statistically significant difference in serum IMA levels among the groups (479.32 ± 307.56 vs. 296.37 ± 127.27 vs. 150.04 ± 81.05, respectively; p < .05). A positive correlation between serum 25-OH VD levels and TPMSC, and a negative correlation between TPMSC and serum IMA levels were determined. Infertile men had lower serum 25-OH VD and higher IMA levels than fertile men, with a positive correlation between serum 25-OH VD levels and TPMSC, and a negative correlation between TPMSC and serum IMA levels. Vitamin D supplementation may increase the sperm motility.

Can YKL-40 be an Inflammatory Biomarker in Vitamin D Deficiency?

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with several non-homeostatic conditions and/or diseases like inflammation, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and mortality. YKL-40 is a glycoprotein, secreted by macrophages, neutrophils and different cell types and it is also associated with inflammation and pathological tissue remodeling. In this study, we aimed to evaluate relationship between the proinflammatory biomarkers YKL-40 and hs-CRP levels and vitamin D deficiency. Our study group includes 45 subjects with vitamin D deficiency (Group 1) (20 M, 25 F; mean age 37.72 ± 7.70 years) and 40 age and sex-matched healthy subjects with normal serum levels of vitamin D (Group 2) (19 M, 21 F; mean age 39.26 ± 7.41 years). Plasma 25 (OH) vitamin D levels were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Plasma YKL-40 analysis was performed by ELISA. Serum hs-CRP levels were measured by nephelometric method. Plasma vitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL were accepted as vitamin D deficiency. Although we could not find any significant differences by means of serum hs-CRP levels between Group 1 and Group 2 (2.21 (0.27-11.70); 1.79 (0.16-9.85) mg/L, p = 0.247), plasma YKL-40 levels were significantly higher in group 1 than group2 (70.47 (17.84-198.50); 47.14 (4.80-135.48) ng/mL, p = 0.047). In literature, vitamin D deficiency is associated with inflammation. In our study, we found similar hs-CRP levels between groups and higher YKL-40 levels in group 1. Vitamin D deficiency may be related to high YKL-40 levels in terms of causing chronic inflammation.

The Association Between Serum Vaspin and Omentin-1 Levels in Obese Children with Metabolic Syndrome.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Excess visceral fat accumulation results in altered release of adipokines. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between new adipokines (omentin-1 and vaspin), insulin resistance, and serum inflammatory markers in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included a total of 121 obese children (79 females and 42 males, aged 12-17 years old). The obese subjects were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of MS criteria (MS group and non-MS group). Serum omentin-1, vaspin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in addition to the other glucose metabolism parameters. RESULTS: MS was diagnosed in 45 obese children and 76 children did not meet the MS criteria. Serum omentin-1 (289.5 ± 51.9 ng/mL vs. 268.2 ± 60 ng/mL, P = 0.03) levels were significantly lower in the MS group compared to the non-MS group. Serum vaspin levels (1058.3 ± 118 pg/mL vs. 1178.6 ± 158 pg/mL, P = 0.02) were higher in the MS group than the non-MS group. CRP levels correlated well with both the adipokines (r = -0.236, P = 0.04 for omentin-1 and r = 0.296, P = 0.008 for vaspin), although these adipokines did not show statistically significant correlations with fasting glucose-insulin levels, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and 2 hr postload glucose level. CONCLUSIONS: Higher vaspin and lower omentin-1 levels were determined in obese MS children compared to non-MS children and these adipokines were significantly correlated with high CRP values. These data support the view that adipokines in MS children contribute to increased inflammation markers before abnormal glucose metabolism.

Enhanced serum levels of matrix Gla protein and bone morphogenetic protein in acute coronary syndrome patients.

BACKGROUND: Vascular calcification has been found to be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Various bone-associated proteins have been suggested to be related with this process. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether serum levels of bone morphogenic protein-4 (BMP-4) and matrix Gla protein (MGP) differed in patients who were found to have normal epicardial coronary arteries or a culprit lesion in the coronary angiography leading to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS: Patients admitted to emergency department with the diagnosis of ACS who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between October 2015 and April 2016 were consecutively recruited as the patient group. Age and gender-matched subjects who underwent coronary angiography following non-invasive ischemia assessment made the control group. RESULTS: A total of 90 subjects (63.00±14.02 years, 70% male) were included in this study. MGP (<0.001) and BMP-4 (<0.001) levels were significantly elevated when compared to subjects with normal coronary arteries. Fasting blood glucose (P=.024), HDL-cholesterol (P=.002), C-reactive protein (CRP) (P=.001) levels, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (P=.021) were significantly correlated with serum MGP levels. HDL-cholesterol (P=.001) and CRP (P=.030) levels were also significantly correlated with serum BMP-4 levels. In the model including HDL-cholesterol, CRP, MGP, and BMP-4 levels, only MGP (odds ratio[OR]: 1.018, P=.019) and BMP-4 (OR: 1.313, P=.023) were found to be independently associated with ACS. CONCLUSION: This study shows that serum BMP-4 and MGP are independently associated with ACS occurrence when adjusted for other CV risk factors. These biomarkers may have a diagnostic potential in ACS patients.

Serum levels of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor as a new inflammatory marker in adolescent obesity.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Obesity is known for low-grade inflammatory state with enhanced production of inflammatory mediators in children and adolescents. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) can be generated as a pro-inflammatory marker. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of suPAR, and its association with leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and fibrinogen in adolescent obesity. METHODS: A total of 98 participants, 55 obese individuals and 43 healthy controls, aged between 10 and 17 yr, were included in the study. Serum suPAR, IL-6, leptin and adiponectin were measured using ELISA method. RESULTS: Serum suPAR, IL-6, fibrinogen, hsCRP and leptin levels in obese individuals were significantly higher than those of controls (P<0.05 & P<0.001). Serum adiponectin levels in obese individuals were significantly lower than those of controls (P<0.01). INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that suPAR, IL-6, fibrinogen, hsCRP and leptin were significantly higher in the obese individuals than those of controls. suPAR may be a good novel biomarker for systemic subclinical inflammation and immune activation linked to adolescent obesity.

Enhanced S100A9 and S100A12 expression in acute coronary syndrome.

AIMS: In this study, we aimed to investigate whether serum S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 levels were markers of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). MATERIALS & METHODS: Patients who underwent coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary interventions between June 2015-October 2015 were consecutively recruited in this study and categorized three groups each containing 30 patients (normal coronary arteries, stable coronary artery disease, and acute coronary syndrome). Baseline characteristics, including co- morbidities and medications, were recorded and serum S100A8, S100A9, S100A12, and C- reactive protein levels were measured besides routine laboratory tests. RESULTS: A total of 90 patients (63.00 [56.00-73.00] years, 62.89% male) have been included. None of the groups differed from each other regarding baseline characteristics (p > 0.05). S100A9 levels were elevated in ACS when compared with the normal coronary arteries (p = 0.033) and S100A12 levels were found to be elevated in ACS when compared with both patients with normal coronary arteries and stable coronary artery disease (p = 0.001). S100A12 was identified as an independent associate of ACS (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that S100A12 may serve as a marker of coronary plaque instability, and may have a therapeutic implication in ACS treatment.

Investigation of the inflammatory biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a chronic and multifactorial syndrome characterized by a low-grade chronic inflammation, and a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In our study, we aimed to investigate the serum levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), haptoglobin (Hp), α2-macroglobulin (α2-MG), platelet factor-4 (PF-4), fetuin-A, serum amyloid P (SAP) and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) in an adolescent population with MetS. METHODS: This study was performed in 43 (18 males, 25 females) MetS adolescents between the ages of 13 and 17 years (14.70±1.15) and 43 lean controls were matched for age and sex. The serum levels of Hp, α2-MG, PF-4, fetuin-A, SAP and AGP were measured by using a multi-ELISA technique. RESULTS: Serum Hp, fetuin-A (p<0.01) and PF-4, hs-CRP, SAP, AGP (p<0.001) values of the MetS subjects were significantly higher than those of the controls. No difference was found in serum α2-MG levels between the MetS and control groups (p=0.184). CONCLUSIONS: This finding suggests the possibility of using these markers in diagnosis of MetS in adolescents to prevent future complications.

Role of oxidative stress and serum lipid levels in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been associated with increased oxidative stress or reduced antioxidant resources. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the levels of serum ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant status in patients with stable COPD, compared with a control group. METHODS: This study was performed on 51 patients with stable COPD (42 men and 9 women; mean age 56.92 ± 3.0 years) and 45 healthy control participants (32 men and 13 women; 54.8 ± 3.8 years). The levels of serum lipids, IMA, total antioxidant status, TOS, and ox-LDL were measured in all participants. RESULTS: The levels of serum IMA, ox-LDL, and TOS were significantly higher in patients with COPD than those in control individuals. There was no difference between the levels of serum total antioxidant status, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of patients with COPD and those of control individuals. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower in patients with COPD than in control individuals. CONCLUSION: Our study indicated that serum IMA, ox-LDL, and TOS may be increased as a result of chronic hypoxia, inflammation, and oxidative stress in patients with severe and very severe stable COPD. Our findings also revealed that IMA is higher in patients with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Stages II, III, and IV, while TOS and ox-LDL are higher in patients with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Stage IV. Measurements of serum IMA, TOS, and ox-LDL levels may be useful markers in the evaluation of stable COPD.

Serum total oxidant/anti-oxidant status, ischemia-modified albumin and oxidized-low density lipoprotein levels in patients with vitamin D deficiency.

OBJECTIVE: Oxidative damage may be responsible for the pathogenesis and complications of many diseases. Vitamin D deficiency has been suggested as a potential mediator of various extra-skeletal pathologies. However, there are limited data on anti-oxidant properties of vitamin D. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one subjects with vitamin D deficiency and 30 healthy controls were enrolled into the study. The levels of total anti-oxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and fibrinogen were measured in both groups. The measurements were repeated in 17 patients after the replacement of vitamin D. RESULTS: Serum IMA and TOS levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001 and p = 0.035, respectively), while TAS levels were significantly lower in patients, compared to controls (p < 0.001). Additionally, fibrinogen was significantly higher in patients than controls (p = 0.003), while ox-LDL and hs-CRP levels were similar between two groups. After the replacement of vitamin D, TAS level significantly increased (p = 0.037), and TOS and fibrinogen levels significantly decreased (p = 0.043 and p = 0.010, respectively). Vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with IMA and fibrinogen levels (r = -0.500, p < 0.001 and r = -0.391, p = 0.002, respectively), although positively correlated with TAS levels (r = 0.430, p < 0.001). No correlation was found between vitamin D levels, and the TOS, ox-LDL and hs-CRP levels. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, while serum IMA, TOS and fibrinogen levels were increased, TAS levels were seen to be decreased in patients with vitamin D deficiency. These results suggest that oxidative/anti-oxidative balance shifts in favours of oxidative status in vitamin D deficiency.

Serum total oxidant/anti-oxidant status, ischemia-modified albumin and oxidized-low density lipoprotein levels in patients with vitamin D deficiency

Objective Oxidative damage may be responsible for the pathogenesis and complications of many diseases. Vitamin D deficiency has been suggested as a potential mediator of various extra-skeletal pathologies. However, there are limited data on anti-oxidant properties of vitamin D.Materials and methods Forty-one subjects with vitamin D deficiency and 30 healthy controls were enrolled into the study. The levels of total anti-oxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and fibrinogen were measured in both groups. The measurements were repeated in 17 patients after the replacement of vitamin D.Results Serum IMA and TOS levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001 and p = 0.035, respectively), while TAS levels were significantly lower in patients, compared to controls (p < 0.001). Additionally, fibrinogen was significantly higher in patients than controls (p = 0.003), while ox-LDL and hs-CRP levels were similar between two groups. After the replacement of vitamin D, TAS level significantly increased (p = 0.037), and TOS and fibrinogen levels significantly decreased (p = 0.043 and p = 0.010, respectively). Vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with IMA and fibrinogen levels (r = -0.500, p < 0.001 and r = -0.391, p = 0.002, respectively), although positively correlated with TAS levels (r = 0.430, p < 0.001). No correlation was found between vitamin D levels, and the TOS, ox-LDL and hs-CRP levels.Conclusions In this study, while serum IMA, TOS and fibrinogen levels were increased, TAS levels were seen to be decreased in patients with vitamin D deficiency. These results suggest that oxidative/anti-oxidative balance shifts in favours of oxidative status in vitamin D deficiency.