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Background: Alopecic sarcoidosis is an uncommon cutaneous manifestation of sarcoidosis. Scarring and nonscarring alopecic sarcoidosis have been reported; however, information on the epidemiology, systemic disease associations, and treatment efficacy is limited. Objective: To address these gaps, we conducted a retrospective chart review and systematic literature review of alopecic sarcoidosis cases. Methods: Full-text English publications from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar from inception to August 2023 were analyzed. Treatment evidence quality was assessed using the modified Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine rating scale. Three patients with biopsy-proven alopecic sarcoidosis were included as a case series, all demonstrating systemic sarcoidosis and 2 requiring multiple therapies. Among 1778 search results, 60 articles representing 77 cases of alopecic and scalp sarcoidosis were included. Patients were categorized into 4 distinct alopecic subgroups. Black patients constituted the majority of all subgroups. Results: Extracutaneous sarcoidosis burden was high across all alopecic subgroups, with ocular disease appearing overrepresented. Topical and oral corticosteroids were the main treatments. Though scarring alopecia patients had poor outcomes despite receiving immunomodulators/cx, limited data suggest potential efficacy of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors. Limitations: This study has a small sample size. Conclusion: Our findings underscore the importance of evidence-based strategies for improving alopecic sarcoidosis management. Prompt diagnosis and systemic evaluation, especially for scarring alopecia, are essential for timely intervention to optimize patient outcomes.
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Low dose oral minoxidil (LDOM) is an efficacious and safe treatment for alopecia, however, a notable side effect is hypertrichosis. Spironolactone, known for treating hirsutism, is also used off-label for the treatment of certain forms of alopecia and may reduce LDOM-induced hypertrichosis. We performed a retrospective review of 54 patients seen at NYU Langone Health and compared hypertrichosis rates in female alopecia patients on LDOM monotherapy versus those on combination therapy with spironolactone. Among 54 patients, 37 received LDOM alone and 17 received the combination. Hypertrichosis developed in 33.3% of patients, with lower rates in the combination group (17.6% vs. 40.5% for monotherapy). Although not statistically significant, the trend suggests spironolactone may mitigate hypertrichosis. The study highlights the potential of combination therapy to address hypertrichosis and calls for larger studies to confirm these findings.
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Alopecia , Quimioterapia Combinada , Hipertricosis , Minoxidil , Espironolactona , Humanos , Minoxidil/administración & dosificación , Minoxidil/efectos adversos , Femenino , Espironolactona/administración & dosificación , Espironolactona/efectos adversos , Alopecia/tratamiento farmacológico , Alopecia/diagnóstico , Hipertricosis/inducido químicamente , Hipertricosis/diagnóstico , Adulto , Estudios Retrospectivos , Quimioterapia Combinada/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Administración Oral , Adulto Joven , AdolescenteRESUMEN
Among 207 914 multimember households with a tinea case, a secondary case was diagnosed in another household member in 8.5%. Excluding same-day diagnoses (20%), the median time from index case to first secondary case was 138 days. To prevent household tinea transmission, appropriate treatment and strategies to reduce environmental contamination are needed.
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BACKGROUND: Cutaneous (or "Metastatic") Crohn disease (CCD) is a rare and underrecognized disease characterized by cutaneous granulomatous inflammation. We describe patient demographics, clinical characteristics, histology, and treatment of 89 pediatric cases of CCD, including 78 previously reported and 11 new cases seen at four academic institutions. We emphasize the efficacy of biologic mono- and dual therapy. METHODS: PubMed identified cases using keywords including "metastatic Crohn disease" and "cutaneous Crohn disease". Patients were identified by retrospective review of the electronic health record including histopathologic diagnosis consistent with CCD. Chart review collected demographic, clinical, and histologic data. RESULTS: Most pediatric patients with CCD are male 55% (49/89), present with edema (73/89, 82%) and erythema (47/89, 53%) of the genitals (33/49, 67%), and have intestinal Crohn disease (69/89, 78%). Oral corticosteroids (53/75, 71%) and metronidazole (29/75, 39%) are the most frequently prescribed medications. Of the 17 patients treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-blockade, 94% (16/17) had partial or total clearance. Ustekinumab resulted in clearance of cutaneous disease in two patients (2/3, 67%) and partial clearance in one patient (1/3, 33%). Two cases achieved total clearance with the use of dual biologic therapy defined as the use of two biologic therapies with differing mechanisms of action or the use of a biologic therapy and small molecule inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: TNF blockade is an effective treatment for pediatric CCD, and interleukin-12/23 inhibitors may be similarly effective. Consideration of dual biologic therapy may be useful in pediatric patients requiring discordant therapies for their intestinal and cutaneous CD.
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Enfermedad de Crohn , Humanos , Enfermedad de Crohn/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Niño , Femenino , Adolescente , Estudios Retrospectivos , Enfermedades de la Piel/tratamiento farmacológico , PreescolarAsunto(s)
Hidroxicloroquina , Síndrome de QT Prolongado , Sarcoidosis , Enfermedades de la Piel , Humanos , Hidroxicloroquina/efectos adversos , Hidroxicloroquina/uso terapéutico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sarcoidosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Masculino , Enfermedades de la Piel/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de la Piel/inducido químicamente , Síndrome de QT Prolongado/inducido químicamente , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Anciano , ElectrocardiografíaRESUMEN
This case report describes a patient with Trichophyton mentagrophytes internal transcribed spacer genotype VII resulting in tinea genitalis, glutealis, and corporis.
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Tiña , Humanos , Tiña/transmisión , Tiña/diagnóstico , Tiña/microbiología , Femenino , Masculino , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/transmisión , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/microbiología , AdultoRESUMEN
Importance: Trichophyton indotineae is an emerging dermatophyte causing outbreaks of extensive tinea infections often unresponsive to terbinafine. This species has been detected worldwide and in multiple US states, yet detailed US data on infections with T indotineae are sparse and could improve treatment practices and medical understanding of transmission. Objective: To correlate clinical features of T indotineae infections with in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing results, squalene epoxidase gene sequence variations, and isolate relatedness using whole-genome sequencing. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study of patients with T indotineae infections in New York City spanned May 2022 to May 2023. Patients with confirmed T indotineae infections were recruited from 6 New York City medical centers. Main Outcome and Measure: Improvement or resolution at the last follow-up assessment. Results: Among 11 patients with T indotineae (6 male and 5 female patients; median [range] age, 39 [10-65] years), 2 were pregnant; 1 had lymphoma; and the remainder were immunocompetent. Nine patients reported previous travel to Bangladesh. All had widespread lesions with variable scale and inflammation, topical antifungal monotherapy failure, and diagnostic delays (range, 3-42 months). Terbinafine treatment failed in 7 patients at standard doses (250 mg daily) for prolonged duration; these patients also had isolates with amino acid substitutions at positions 393 (L393S) or 397 (F397L) in squalene epoxidase that correlated with elevated terbinafine minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.5 µg/mL or higher. Patients who were treated with fluconazole and griseofulvin improved in 2 of 4 and 2 of 5 instances, respectively, without correlation between outcomes and antifungal minimum inhibitory concentrations. Furthermore, 5 of 7 patients treated with itraconazole cleared or had improvement at the last follow-up, and 2 of 7 were lost to follow-up or stopped treatment. Based on whole-genome sequencing analysis, US isolates formed a cluster distinct from Indian isolates. Conclusion and Relevance: The results of this case series suggest that disease severity, diagnostic delays, and lack of response to typically used doses and durations of antifungals for tinea were common in this primarily immunocompetent patient cohort with T indotineae, consistent with published data. Itraconazole was generally effective, and the acquisition of infection was likely in Bangladesh.
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Antifúngicos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Tiña , Trichophyton , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/administración & dosificación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tiña/tratamiento farmacológico , Tiña/microbiología , Tiña/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Trichophyton/efectos de los fármacos , Trichophyton/genética , Trichophyton/aislamiento & purificación , Adolescente , Niño , Adulto Joven , Secuenciación Completa del Genoma , Escualeno-Monooxigenasa/genética , Ciudad de Nueva York/epidemiología , Terbinafina/farmacología , Terbinafina/administración & dosificación , Farmacorresistencia Fúngica , Estudios de CohortesRESUMEN
This cohort study examines the association between methotrexate use and interstitial lung disease in patients with dermatomyositis.
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Dermatomiositis , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales , Metotrexato , Humanos , Dermatomiositis/tratamiento farmacológico , Dermatomiositis/inducido químicamente , Dermatomiositis/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales/tratamiento farmacológico , Metotrexato/efectos adversos , Metotrexato/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Adulto , Fármacos Dermatológicos/efectos adversos , Fármacos Dermatológicos/administración & dosificación , Factores de Riesgo , AncianoRESUMEN
This cross-sectional study identifies the common diagnoses and physician encounter types associated with clotrimazole-betamethasone dipropionate prescriptions among Medicare enrollees in 2021.
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Betametasona , Clotrimazol , Humanos , Betametasona/uso terapéutico , Betametasona/análogos & derivados , Clotrimazol/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de la Piel/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Femenino , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina/estadística & datos numéricos , Combinación de Medicamentos , Persona de Mediana Edad , AdultoRESUMEN
The widespread adoption of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity has sparked investigations into their impact on hair health, an area characterized by diverse conjectures. Some propose potential risks such as disrupted hair growth cycles or premature androgenetic alopecia (AGA), while others suggest benefits linked to improved insulin sensitivity and enhanced scalp blood circulation. However, despite these theoretical underpinnings, clinical evidence linking GLP-1 agonists to hair loss remains sparse. The necessity for vigilant patient monitoring and collaborative efforts cannot be overstressed in comprehensively addressing any potential consequences of GLP-1 agonist therapy on hair health as their use continues to expand.
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Alopecia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón , Hipoglucemiantes , Humanos , Alopecia/tratamiento farmacológico , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/agonistas , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Hipoglucemiantes/efectos adversos , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Resistencia a la Insulina , Cuero Cabelludo , Cabello/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cabello/efectos de los fármacosAsunto(s)
Eosinofilia , Foliculitis , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas , Humanos , Masculino , Foliculitis/diagnóstico , Foliculitis/patología , Eosinofilia/diagnóstico , Eosinofilia/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas/patología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas/etiología , Infecciones por VIH/complicacionesRESUMEN
This cohort study describes the clinical features, patient characteristics, and treatment of anti-melanoma differentiationassociated gene 5 (MDA5) dermatomyositis.