Pharmacologic interaction between oxfendazole and triclabendazole: In vitro biotransformation and systemic exposure in sheep.

The aim of the current work was to evaluate a potential pharmacokinetic interaction between the flukicide triclabendazole (TCBZ) and the broad-spectrum benzimidazole (BZD) anthelmintic oxfendazole (OFZ) in sheep. To this end, both an in vitro assay in microsomal fractions and an in vivo trial in lambs parasitized with Haemonchus contortus resistant to OFZ and its reduced derivative fenbendazole (FBZ) were carried out. Sheep microsomal fractions were incubated together with OFZ, FBZ, TCBZ, or a combination of either FBZ and TCBZ or OFZ and TCBZ. OFZ production was significantly diminished upon coincubation of FBZ and TCBZ, whereas neither FBZ nor OFZ affected the S-oxidation of TCBZ towards its sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites. For the in vivo trial, lambs were treated with OFZ (Vermox® oral drench at a single dose of 5 mg/kg PO), TCBZ (Fasinex® oral drench at a single dose of 12 mg/kg PO) or both compounds at a single dose of 5 (Vermox®) and 12 mg/kg (Fasinex®) PO. Blood samples were taken to quantify drug and metabolite concentrations, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by means of non-compartmental analysis. Results showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters of active molecules and metabolites were not significantly altered upon coadministration. The sole exception was the increase in the mean residence time (MRT) of OFZ and FBZ sulfone upon coadministration, with no significant changes in the remaining pharmacokinetic parameters. This research is a further contribution to the study of metabolic drug-drug interactions that may affect anthelmintic efficacies in ruminants.

[Prevalence and frequency of factors associated with infection in patients older than 18 years with closed fractures]. / Prevalencia y frecuencia de factores asociados a infección en pacientes mayores de 18 años con fracturas cerradas.

INTRODUCTION: Surgical site infection (ISO) is the most common nosocomial infection and is a process associated with multiple factors, which together generate a condition that directly affects the welfare of the patient. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study, conducted over 1 year period, the sample size was established for all patients who met the inclusion criteria. An instrument takes the variables; double tabulation of patients is performed in Excel 2013 and data are analyzed in Stata version 11. RESULTS: The average age was 44.3 ± 18.8 years and the male: female ratio is 1.7:1. Clinical features, lower limbs are the most affected and 21.9 % of cases affect the femur. A prevalence of 6.6 % was found, being the most common deep infection classification. Staphylococcus aureus was cultured in 38.5% of which 40% were methicillin sensible. CONCLUSION: ISO prevalence in patients with closed fractures in HUS is 6.6% higher compared with literature data. The findings of this study it was established that hemoglobin below 10 g/dl, transfusion, reoperation and surgical risk ASA were associated statistically with ISO.

La infección de sitio operatorio (ISO) es la infección nosocomial más común y es un proceso asociado a múltiples factores, los cuales en conjunto generan una alteración que afecta directamente el bienestar del paciente.