Role of hematological and neurological expressed 1 (HN1) in Human Cancers.

Hematological and neurological expressed 1 (HN1), also known as Jupiter microtubule associated homolog 1 (JPT1), is a highly conserved protein with widespread expression in various tissues. Ectopic elevation of HN1 has been observed in multiple cancers, highlighting its role in tumorigenesis and progression. Both proteomics and transcriptomics reveal that HN1 is closely associated with severe disease progression, poor prognostic and shorter overall survival. HN1's involvement in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis has been extensively investigated. Overexpression of HN1 is associated with increased tumor growth and disease progression, while its depletion leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The pivotal role of HN1 in cancer progression, particularly in proliferation, migration, and invasion, underscores its significance in cancer metastasis. Validation of the efficacy and safety of HN1 inhibition, along with the development of diagnostic methods to determine HN1 expression levels in patients, is essential for the translation of HN1-targeted therapies into clinical practice. Overall, HN1 emerges as a valuable prognostic marker and therapeutic target in cancer, and further investigations hold the potential to improve patient outcomes by impeding metastasis and enhancing treatment strategies.

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma: From biology to practice to the future.

Recent advancements in comprehending peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) validate and broaden our perspective, highlighting their diverse nature and the varying molecular mechanisms underlying the entities. Based on a comprehensive accumulated understanding, the PTCLs currently overcome the most challenging features of any disease: rarity, incredible heterogeneity, and a lack of any established standard of care. The treatments deployed in the front-line are extrapolated from regimens developed for other diseases. The recent approval of the three drugs brentuximab vedotin (BV), pralatrexate, and belinostat for patients with relapsed or refractory disease has provided clues about pathophysiology and future directions, though challenges satisfying post-marketing requirements (PMR) for those accelerated approvals have led to one of those drugs being withdrawn and put the other two in jeopardy. Edits of the front-line regimens, often called CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone)-plus approaches, look more like CHOP-minus strategies, as the toxicity of five-drug regimens often reduces the dose intensity of the added 'novel' drug, nullifying any hope of an advance. The turmoil in the field produced by the aforementioned, coupled with an ever-changing classification, has left the field uncertain about the path forward. Despite these challenges, empiric findings from studies of novel drug approaches, coupled with a logic emerging from studies of PTCL lymphomagenesis, have begun to illuminate, albeit faintly for some, a potential direction. The empiric finding that drugs targeting the discrete components of the PTCL epigenome, coupled with the description of multiple mutations in genes that govern epigenetic biology, offers, at the very least, an opportunity to finally be hypothesis-driven. The most recent recognition that the only combination of drugs shown to markedly improve progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with relapsed disease is one based on dual targeting of different and discrete components of that epigenetic biology has established a possibility that circumnavigating chemotherapy addition studies is both plausible, feasible, and likely the best prospect for a quantum advance in this disease. Herein, we analyze PTCL through a 2025 lens, highlighting and underscoring walls that have impeded progress. We will critically explore all the clues and the panoramic view of PTCL research.

Molecular and immune pathobiology of human angiosarcoma.

Angiosarcoma is a rare endothelial-derived malignancy that is extremely diverse in anatomy, aetiology, molecular and immune characteristics. While novel therapeutic approaches incorporating targeted agents and immunotherapy have yielded significant improvements in patient outcomes across several cancers, their impact on angiosarcoma remains modest. Contributed by its heterogeneous nature, there is currently a lack of novel drug targets in this disease entity and no reliable biomarkers that predict response to conventional treatment. This review aims to examine the molecular and immune landscape of angiosarcoma in association with its aetiology, anatomical sites, prognosis and therapeutic options. We summarise current efforts to characterise angiosarcoma subtypes based on molecular and immune profiling. Finally, we highlight promising technologies such as single-cell spatial "omics" that may further our understanding of angiosarcoma and propose strategies that can be similarly applied for the study of other rare cancers.

Deep learning-based image quality assessment for optical coherence tomography macular scans: a multicentre study.

AIMS: To develop and externally test deep learning (DL) models for assessing the image quality of three-dimensional (3D) macular scans from Cirrus and Spectralis optical coherence tomography devices. METHODS: We retrospectively collected two data sets including 2277 Cirrus 3D scans and 1557 Spectralis 3D scans, respectively, for training (70%), fine-tuning (10%) and internal validation (20%) from electronic medical and research records at The Chinese University of Hong Kong Eye Centre and the Hong Kong Eye Hospital. Scans with various eye diseases (eg, diabetic macular oedema, age-related macular degeneration, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and pathological myopia), and scans of normal eyes from adults and children were included. Two graders labelled each 3D scan as gradable or ungradable, according to standardised criteria. We used a 3D version of the residual network (ResNet)-18 for Cirrus 3D scans and a multiple-instance learning pipline with ResNet-18 for Spectralis 3D scans. Two deep learning (DL) models were further tested via three unseen Cirrus data sets from Singapore and five unseen Spectralis data sets from India, Australia and Hong Kong, respectively. RESULTS: In the internal validation, the models achieved the area under curves (AUCs) of 0.930 (0.885-0.976) and 0.906 (0.863-0.948) for assessing the Cirrus 3D scans and Spectralis 3D scans, respectively. In the external testing, the models showed robust performance with AUCs ranging from 0.832 (0.730-0.934) to 0.930 (0.906-0.953) and 0.891 (0.836-0.945) to 0.962 (0.918-1.000), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our models could be used for filtering out ungradable 3D scans and further incorporated with a disease-detection DL model, allowing a fully automated eye disease detection workflow.

An Eye on the First Surgical Side: Appreciating the Potential Impacts of a Second DBS Lead on Ipsilateral Symptoms.

Clinical Vignette: A 63-year-old man with severe essential tremor underwent staged bilateral ventralis intermedius (Vim) deep brain stimulation (DBS). Left Vim DBS resulted in improved right upper extremity tremor control. Months later, the addition of right Vim DBS to the other brain hemisphere was associated with acute worsening of the right upper extremity tremor. Clinical Dilemma: In staged bilateral Vim DBS, second lead implantation may possibly alter ipsilateral tremor control. While ipsilateral improvement is common, rarely, it can disrupt previously achieved benefit. Clinical Solution: DBS programming, including an increase in left Vim DBS amplitude, re-established and enhanced bilateral tremor control. Gap in Knowledge: The mechanisms underlying changes in ipsilateral tremor control following a second lead implantation are unknown. In this case, worsening and subsequent improvement after optimization highlight the potential impact of DBS implantation on the ipsilateral side. Expert Commentary: After staged bilateral Vim DBS, clinicians should keep an eye on the first or original DBS side and carefully monitor for emergent side effects or worsening in tremor. Ipsilateral effects resulting from DBS implantation present a reprogramming opportunity with a potential to further optimize clinical outcomes. Highlights: This case report highlights the potential for ipsilateral tremor worsening following staged bilateral DBS and provides valuable insights into troubleshooting and reprogramming strategies. The report emphasizes the importance of vigilant monitoring and individualized management in optimizing clinical outcomes for patients undergoing staged bilateral DBS for essential tremor.

Novel clinical risk stratification and treatment strategies in relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma.

Peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) represents a group of heterogeneous hematological malignancies, which are notoriously challenging to treat and outcomes are typically poor. Over the past two decades, clinical prognostic indices for patient risk stratification have evolved, while several targeted agents are now available to complement combination chemotherapy in the frontline setting or as a salvage strategy. With further understanding of the molecular pathobiology of PTCL, several innovative approaches incorporating immunomodulatory agents, epigenetic therapies, oncogenic kinase inhibitors and immunotherapeutics have come to the forefront. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the progress in developing clinical prognostic indices for PTCL and describe the broad therapeutic landscape, emphasizing novel targetable pathways that have entered early phase clinical studies.

Unmet Needs in the First-Line Treatment of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma: Expert Recommendations From the Asia-Pacific Region With a Focus on the Challenging Subtypes.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, accounting for around 30-60% of all cases. The management of DLBCL in Asia has several unmet needs due to the diversity of the population, the heterogeneity of local clinical guidelines for DLBCL and the wide disparity in resources and healthcare systems across different regions. Rituximab combined with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (RCHOP) is widely recognized as the standard first-line treatment for DLBCL; however, alternative regimens are required to improve patient outcomes in challenging subtypes, such as patients with high International Prognostic Index scores, old/frail patients, and patients with double-hit and double-expressor DLBCL or concurrent central nervous system disease. This review article draws from the expertise of practicing hematologists/oncologists in the region, with the aim of integrating data from current scientific evidence to address the unmet needs and unique socioeconomic challenges faced by challenging high risk patient groups in the Asia-Pacific region.

4EBP1-mediated SLC7A11 protein synthesis restrains ferroptosis triggered by MEK inhibitors in advanced ovarian cancer.

Loss of ferroptosis contributes to the development of human cancer, and restoration of ferroptosis has been demonstrated as a potential therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment. However, the mechanisms of how ferroptosis escape contributes to ovarian cancer (OV) development are not well elucidated. Here we show that ferroptosis negative regulation (FNR) signatures correlated with the tumorigenesis of OV and were associated with poor prognosis, suggesting that restoration of ferroptosis represents a potential therapeutic strategy in OV. High throughput drug screening with a kinase inhibitor library identified MEK inhibitors as ferroptosis inducers in OV cells. We further demonstrated that MEK inhibitor resistant OV cells were less vulnerable to trametinib-induced ferroptosis. Mechanistically, mTOR/4EBP1 signaling promoted SLC7A11 protein synthesis, leading to ferroptosis inhibition in MEK inhibitor resistant cells. Dual inhibition of MEK and mTOR/4EBP1 signaling restrained the protein synthesis of SLC7A11 via suppression of the mTOR-4EBP1 activity to reactivate ferroptosis in resistant cells. Together, these findings provide a promising therapeutic option for OV treatment through ferroptosis restoration by the combined inhibition of MEK and mTOR/4EBP1 pathways.

Radiofrequency ablation compared to surgery for thyroid nodules: A case for office based treatment.

Objective: We aim to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for benign thyroid nodules by ENT surgeons and to compare it to conventional hemithyroidectomy in the public healthcare, operating theater contained setting. Methods: 50 patients who underwent a single session of RFA for symptomatic benign thyroid nodules in Prince of Wales Hospital and Tseung Kwan O Hospital in Hong Kong from 2020 to 2022 were evaluated. Objective outcomes including nodule volume, volume reduction rate (VRR) and complications were recorded. Subjective response in the form of a 0-10 point scale for patient symptoms including obstructive, cosmetic, pain and satisfaction scores were collected. Results: Significant reduction in mean VRR was found at 3, 6 and 12 months post treatment, accompanied by a significant reduction in the mean obstructive and cosmetic symptom scores. Comparing with conventional hemithyroidectomy, the RFA group had a significantly shorter mean procedure time and lower rate of complications. Estimated cost to patient for RFA was found to be less than half of that of hemithyroidectomy. Conclusion: RFA is a safe and effective treatment modality for benign thyroid nodules by ENT surgeons with advantages of being a scarless local anesthetic procedure with shorter procedure time, lower complication rate and lower cost to patient compared to hemithyroidectomy. In Hong Kong, where most of the population is treated in the public sector, there are limited resources, often with high caseload burden and long operation waiting times. Therefore, RFA is an office-based treatment that serves as a valuable alternative to hemithyroidectomy for benign nodules, especially in lower resource settings. Level of evidence: 3.

CDK4/6 inhibition augments anti-tumor efficacy of XPO1 inhibitor selinexor in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma.

XPO1 is an attractive and promising therapeutic target frequently overexpressed in multiple hematological malignancies. The clinical use of XPO1 inhibitors in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL) is not well documented. Here, we demonstrated that XPO1 overexpression is an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with NKTL. The compassionate use of the XPO1 inhibitor selinexor in combination with chemotherapy showed favorable clinical outcomes in three refractory/relapsed (R/R) NKTL patients. Selinexor induced complete tumor regression and prolonged survival in sensitive xenografts but not in resistant xenografts. Transcriptomic profiling analysis indicated that sensitivity to selinexor was correlated with deregulation of the cell cycle machinery, as selinexor significantly suppressed the expression of cell cycle-related genes. CDK4/6 inhibitors were identified as sensitizers that reversed selinexor resistance. Mechanistically, targeting CDK4/6 could enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of selinexor via the suppression of CDK4/6-pRb-E2F-c-Myc pathway in resistant cells, while selinexor alone could dramatically block this pathway in sensitive cells. Overall, our study provids a preclinical proof-of-concept for the use of selinexor alone or in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors as a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with R/R NKTL.

The Ability of Physical Performance Measures to Identify Fall Risk in Older Adults Living With Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether physical performance measures commonly used in clinical settings can discriminate fallers from nonfallers and predict falls in older adults with dementia. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Older adults with dementia residing in the community, hospitals, and residential care facilities. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, the Cochrane Library, and the PEDro databases were searched from inception until December 27, 2023 (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022303670). Retrospective or prospective studies that evaluated the associations between physical performance measures and falls in older adults with dementia were included. A random effects model was used to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI for each physical performance measure between fallers and nonfallers. Sensitivity analyses were conducted on the longitudinal studies to determine the ability of physical performance measures to predict future falls. RESULTS: Twenty-eight studies were included in this review (n = 3542). The 5-time chair stand test [SMD = 0.23 (0.01, 0.45)], the Berg Balance Scale [SMD = -0.52 (-0.87, -0.17)], postural sway when standing on the floor [SMD = 0.25 (0.07, 0.43)] and on a foam surface [SMD = 0.45 (0.25, 0.66)], and the Short Physical Performance Battery total score [SMD = -0.46 (-0.66, -0.27)] could discriminate fallers from nonfallers. Sensitivity analyses showed that gait speed could predict future falls in longitudinal cohort studies [SMD = -0.29 (-0.49, -0.08)]. Subgroup analyses showed that gait speed [SMD = -0.21 (-0.38, -0.05)] and the Timed Up and Go test [SMD = 0.54 (0.16, 0.92)] could identify fallers staying in residential care facilities or hospitals. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The 5-time chair stand test, the Berg Balance Scale, postural sway when standing on the floor and a foam surface, and the Short Physical Performance Battery can be used to predict falls in older adults with dementia. Gait speed and the Timed Up and Go test can be used to predict falls in institutionalized older adults with dementia. Clinicians are recommended to use these physical performance measures to assess fall risk in older adults with dementia.

Whole genome sequencing of HER2-positive metastatic extramammary Paget's disease: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare cancer that occurs within the epithelium of the skin, arising predominantly in areas with high apocrine gland concentration such as the vulva, scrotum, penis and perianal regions. Here, we aim to integrate clinicopathological data with genomic analysis of aggressive, rapidly-progressing de novo metastatic EMPD responding to HER2-directed treatment in combination with other agents, to attain a more comprehensive understanding of the disease landscape. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining on the scrotal wall tumor and bone marrow metastasis demonstrated HER2 overexpression. Whole genome sequencing of the tumor and matched blood was performed. RESULTS: Notable copy number gains (log2FC > 0.9) on chromosomes 7 and 8 were detected (n = 81), with 92.6% of these unique genes specifically located on chromosome 8. Prominent cancer-associated genes include ZNF703, HOOK3, DDHD2, LSM1, NSD3, ADAM9, BRF2, KAT6A and FGFR1. Interestingly, ERBB2 gene did not exhibit high copy number gain (log2FC = 0.4) although 90% of tumor cells stained HER2-positive. Enrichment in pathways associated with transforming growth factor-beta (TGFß) (FDR = 0.0376, Enrichment Ratio = 8.12) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR1) signaling (FDR = 0.0082, Enrichment Ratio = 2.3) was detected. Amplicon structure analysis revealed that this was a simple-linear amplification event. CONCLUSION: Whole genome sequencing revealed the underlying copy number variation landscape in HER2-positive metastatic EMPD. The presence of alternative signalling pathways and genetic variants suggests potential interactions with HER2 signalling, which possibly contributed to the HER2 overexpression and observed response to HER2-directed therapy combined with other agents in a comprehensive treatment regimen.

Randomized Controlled Trial of Awake Transnasal Laser-Assisted Surgery for Benign Laryngeal Lesions.

OBJECTIVE: To compare functional and cost-effectiveness of awake transnasal laser assisted-surgery versus microlaryngeal surgery for benign laryngeal lesions. METHODS: This was a prospective non-inferiority randomized controlled trial conducted from May 2021 to December 2022 at two tertiary referral hospitals in Hong Kong. Patients were block-randomized to receive either awake transnasal laser-assisted surgery or microlaryngeal surgery, with post-operative follow-up in a multidisciplinary voice clinic for 1-year. Primary outcome was Voice Handicap Index (VHI-30). Secondary outcomes included operation time, complications, length of stay, peri-operative discomfort, recurrence, and medical costs. RESULTS: Sixty-one patients were randomized to either awake transnasal laser-assisted surgery (n = 30) and microlaryngeal surgery (n = 31). Both groups had comparable demographics and laryngeal pathologies. Both groups showed significant improvement of VHI-30 score over time and had comparable post-operative VHI-30. Awake transnasal laser-assisted surgery group had a significantly shorter length of stay (0.5 vs. 1 day) and less throat discomfort (2 vs. 4) compared to microlaryngeal surgery group. Intraoperative complications were more common in microlaryngeal surgery group (14.3% vs. 0%). Otherwise, both groups had similar operative time and recurrence rate. Cost-analysis showed a significantly lower hospital cost for awake transnasal laser-assisted surgery (USD 3090) compared to microlaryngeal surgery group (USD 5120). CONCLUSION: Awake transnasal laser-assisted surgery was safe, functionally non-inferior, as measured by VHI-30, to microlaryngeal surgery in managing benign laryngeal lesions, while superior to microlaryngeal surgery in peri-operative discomfort and medical costs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2 Laryngoscope, 134:3732-3740, 2024.

Special Issue "Cancer Immunotherapy: Tumor Microenvironment, Biomarker Discovery and Immune Resistance".

Since the launch of this Special Issue entitled "Cancer Immunotherapy: Tumor Microenvironment, Biomarker Discovery and Immune Resistance", the field of cancer immunotherapy has continued to witness rapid growth in the development of novel agents, improvements in our understanding of mechanisms of response and resistance, and the maturation of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, single-cell sequencing and spatial profiling [...].

Uncertainty estimation and evaluation of deformation image registration based convolutional neural networks.

Objective.Fast and accurate deformable image registration (DIR), including DIR uncertainty estimation, is essential for safe and reliable clinical deployment. While recent deep learning models have shown promise in predicting DIR with its uncertainty, challenges persist in proper uncertainty evaluation and hyperparameter optimization for these methods. This work aims to develop and evaluate a model that can perform fast DIR and predict its uncertainty in seconds.Approach.This study introduces a novel probabilistic multi-resolution image registration model utilizing convolutional neural networks to estimate a multivariate normal distributed dense displacement field (DDF) in a multimodal image registration problem. To assess the quality of the DDF distribution predicted by the model, we propose a new metric based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence. The performance of our approach was evaluated against three other DIR algorithms (VoxelMorph, Monte Carlo dropout, and Monte Carlo B-spline) capable of predicting uncertainty. The evaluation of the models included not only the quality of the deformation but also the reliability of the estimated uncertainty. Our application investigated the registration of a treatment planning computed tomography (CT) to follow-up cone beam CT for daily adaptive radiotherapy.Main results.The hyperparameter tuning of the models showed a trade-off between the estimated uncertainty's reliability and the deformation's accuracy. In the optimal trade-off, our model excelled in contour propagation and uncertainty estimation (p <0.05) compared to existing uncertainty estimation models. We obtained an average dice similarity coefficient of 0.89 and a KL-divergence of 0.15.Significance.By addressing challenges in DIR uncertainty estimation and evaluation, our work showed that both the DIR and its uncertainty can be reliably predicted, paving the way for safe deployment in a clinical environment.

Objective monitoring tools for improved management of childhood asthma.

Asthma is a common chronic disease amongst children. Epidemiological studies showed that the mortality rate of asthma in children is still high worldwide. Asthma control is therefore essential to minimize asthma exacerbations, which can be fatal if the condition is poorly controlled. Frequent monitoring could help to detect asthma progression and ensure treatment effectiveness. Although subjective asthma monitoring tools are available, the results vary as they rely on patients' self-perception. Emerging evidence suggests several objective tools could have the potential for monitoring purposes. However, there is no consensus to standardise the use of objective monitoring tools. In this review, we start with the prevalence and severity of childhood asthma worldwide. Then, we detail the latest available objective monitoring tools, focusing on their effectiveness in paediatric asthma management. Publications of spirometry, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), hyperresponsiveness tests and electronic monitoring devices (EMDs) between 2016 and 2023 were included. The potential advantages and limitations of each tool were also discussed. Overall, this review provides a summary for researchers dedicated to further improving objective paediatric asthma monitoring and provides insights for clinicians to incorporate different objective monitoring tools in clinical practices.

Synthetic BZLF1-targeted transcriptional activator for efficient lytic induction therapy against EBV-associated epithelial cancers.

The unique virus-cell interaction in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancies implies targeting the viral latent-lytic switch is a promising therapeutic strategy. However, the lack of specific and efficient therapeutic agents to induce lytic cycle in these cancers is a major challenge facing clinical implementation. We develop a synthetic transcriptional activator that specifically activates endogenous BZLF1 and efficiently induces lytic reactivation in EBV-positive cancer cells. A lipid nanoparticle encapsulating nucleoside-modified mRNA which encodes a BZLF1-specific transcriptional activator (mTZ3-LNP) is synthesized for EBV-targeted therapy. Compared with conventional chemical inducers, mTZ3-LNP more efficiently activates EBV lytic gene expression in EBV-associated epithelial cancers. Here we show the potency and safety of treatment with mTZ3-LNP to suppress tumor growth in EBV-positive cancer models. The combination of mTZ3-LNP and ganciclovir yields highly selective cytotoxic effects of mRNA-based lytic induction therapy against EBV-positive tumor cells, indicating the potential of mRNA nanomedicine in the treatment of EBV-associated epithelial cancers.

Targeting AURKA to induce synthetic lethality in CREBBP-deficient B-cell malignancies via attenuation of MYC expression.

Loss-of-function mutations in CREBBP, which encodes for a histone acetyltransferase, occur frequently in B-cell malignancies, highlighting CREBBP deficiency as an attractive therapeutic target. Using established isogenic cell models, we demonstrated that CREBBP-deficient cells are selectively vulnerable to AURKA inhibition. Mechanistically, we found that co-targeting CREBBP and AURKA suppressed MYC transcriptionally and post-translationally to induce replication stress and apoptosis. Inhibition of AURKA dramatically decreased MYC protein level in CREBBP-deficient cells, implying a dependency on AURKA to sustain MYC stability. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that pharmacological inhibition of AURKA was efficacious in delaying tumor progression in CREBBP-deficient cells and was synergistic with CREBBP inhibitors in CREBBP-proficient cells. Our study sheds light on a novel synthetic lethal interaction between CREBBP and AURKA, indicating that targeting AURKA represents a potential therapeutic strategy for high-risk B-cell malignancies harboring CREBBP inactivating mutations.

Robotic Surgery for Head and Neck Tumors: What are the Current Applications?

BACKGROUND: The journey from radical treatments to the precision of robotic surgery underscores a commitment to innovation and patient-centered care in the field of head and neck oncology. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article provides a comprehensive overview that not only informs but also stimulates ongoing discourse and investigation into the optimization of patient care through robotic surgery. The literature on current robotic applications within head and neck region was systematically reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS: Thirty-four studies with a total of 1835 patients undergoing robotic surgery in head and neck region were included. Clinical staging, histological types, operative duration, postoperative complications, functional recovery and survival outcomes were compared and evaluated. Clinical outcomes have shown promising results and thus the indication on the robotic usage has no longer been limited to oropharyngeal region but from skull base to neck dissection. The latest advancement in robotic surgery further refines the capabilities of surgeons into previously difficult-to-access head and neck regions and heralds a new era of surgical treatment for head and neck oncology.