Strong and Weak CP Tests in Sequential Decays of Polarized Σ

The J/ψ, ψ(3686)→Σ^{0}Σ[over ¯]^{0} processes and subsequent decays are studied using the world's largest J/ψ and ψ(3686) data samples collected with the BESIII detector. The parity-violating decay parameters of the decays Σ^{0}→Λγ and Σ[over ¯]^{0}→Λ[over ¯]γ, α_{Σ^{0}}=-0.0017±0.0021±0.0018 and α[over ¯]_{Σ^{0}}=0.0021±0.0020±0.0022, are measured for the first time. The strong CP symmetry is tested in the decays of the Σ^{0} hyperons for the first time by measuring the asymmetry A_{CP}^{Σ}=α_{Σ^{0}}+α[over ¯]_{Σ^{0}}=(0.4±2.9±1.3)×10^{-3}. The weak CP test is performed in the subsequent decays of their daughter particles Λ and Λ[over ¯]. Also for the first time, the transverse polarizations of the Σ^{0} hyperons in J/ψ and ψ(3686) decays are observed with opposite directions, and the ratios between the S-wave and D-wave contributions of the J/ψ, ψ(3686)→Σ^{0}Σ[over ¯]^{0} decays are obtained. These results are crucial to understand the decay dynamics of the charmonium states and the production mechanism of the Σ^{0}-Σ[over ¯]^{0} pairs.

Precise Measurement of Born Cross Sections for e

Using data samples collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at center-of-mass energies ranging from 3.80 to 4.95 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20 fb^{-1}, a measurement of Born cross sections for the e^{+}e^{-}→D^{0}D[over ¯]^{0} and D^{+}D^{-} processes is presented with unprecedented precision. Many clear peaks in the line shape of e^{+}e^{-}→D^{0}D[over ¯]^{0} and D^{+}D^{-} around the mass range of G(3900), ψ(4040), ψ(4160), Y(4260), and ψ(4415), etc., are foreseen. These results offer crucial experimental insights into the nature of hadron production in the open-charm region.

Salivary Microbiome Relates to Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy Response in OSCC.

Most patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) present with locally advanced stages, which are typically associated with poor outcomes. Although immunotherapy offers potential improvements in patient survival, its efficacy is hampered by low response rates. The microbiome is widely involved in tumor immunity and may play a role in immunotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between the oral (salivary) microbiome and immunotherapy response in patients with OSCC. Salivary metagenome sequencing was performed on 47 patients with OSCC undergoing neoadjuvant immunotherapy (NAIT) in a clinical trial (NCT04649476). Patients were divided into responders and nonresponders based on their pathological responses. The results showed that the species richness of the salivary microbiome was lower in the nonresponders before NAIT than in the responders. Differential analysis revealed that nonresponders exhibited a lower relative abundance of 34 bacterial species and a higher relative abundance of 4 bacterial species. Notably, low levels of Eubacterium infirmum, Actinobaculum, and Selenomas (EAS) in the saliva may be associated with the nonresponse of patients with OSCC to NAIT. A nomogram based on EAS was developed and validated to determine the efficacy of NAIT. The area under the curve for the training cohort was 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.66 to 0.81). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed that low levels of salivary EAS effectively identified nonresponders to NAIT. Furthermore, the low abundance of salivary EAS was closely correlated with a low density of intratumoral CD4+, CD14+, CD68+, and FOXP3+ cells. Metabolic functional annotation revealed numerous biosynthetic processes associated with EAS that were more active in responders. In summary, this study provides valuable data resources for the salivary microbiome and reveals that nonresponders have different salivary microbiome profiles than responders do before NAIT. Low salivary EAS levels can serve as potential biomarkers for distinguishing nonresponders from responders.

Inverse Spin Hall Effect Dominated Spin-Charge Conversion in (101) and (110)-Oriented RuO_{2} Films.

Utilizing spin pumping, we present a comparative study of the spin-charge conversion in RuO_{2}(101) and RuO_{2}(110) films. RuO_{2}(101) shows a robust in-plane crystal-axis dependence, whereas RuO_{2}(110) exhibits an isotropic but stronger one. Symmetry-based analysis and first-principles calculations reveal that the spin-charge conversion in RuO_{2}(110) originates from the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) due to nodal lines splitting. In RuO_{2}(101), the ISHE also dominates although the inverse spin splitting effect (ISSE) may coexist. These findings, in sharp contrast to previously attributed ISSE, are further corroborated by the reciprocal relation between the spin pumping and the spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements.

[Clinical application of inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery management in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy].

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of proper management of inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (IPDA) in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD). Methods: This is a retrospective case series study. The clinical and pathological data of 70 patients who received LPD due to pancreatic head tumors, periampullary tumors, or distal common bile duct tumors in the Pancreatic Center of the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from January to December 2022 were retrospectively collected. There were 47 males(67.1%) and 23 females(32.9%),aged (59.9±12.8)years(range:13 to 87 years).The procedure of IPDA exposure was as follows:a middle approach was utilized to expose the right half of superior mesenteric artery(SMA) and its right branches between the SMA and superior mesenteric vein(SMV) in superior colonic region. In the subcolonic region,SMA trunk exposure via dissection along the jejunal artery from feet to head and identification the association between IPDA and jejunal artery were prior to IPDA root ligation and dissection. The safety and efficacy of intraoperative IPDA handling were assessed based on surgical videos. Follow-up was carried out in outpatient clinic or by telephone, and outpatient follow-up was conducted once every 1 to 3 months after surgery. Results: The percentage of total LPD was 98.6%(69/70),with all patients achieving R0 resection. Nine cases(12.9%) were involved in combined vascular resection and reconstruction,with 1 case (1.4%) requiring additional upper abdominal incision for vascular and gastrointestinal reconstruction,while the remaining eight cases (11.4%) were completed laparoscopically. The mean operative time was (432.7±115.4)minutes(range:282 to 727 minutes),and the mean blood loss was (140.0±125.7)ml(range:20 to 800 ml). Only two patients(2.9%) received fresh frozen plasma transfusion,with an average volume of 650 ml. Reliable ligation and safe handling of the IPDA were achieved in 91.4%(64/70) of cases, with 8.6%(6/70) suffering from IPDA injury-related bleeding. No one was converted to opened surgery. Pathologically,the mean tumor size was (3.3±1.6)cm (range:1 to 7 cm),and the mean number of harvested lymph nodes was 17.0±7.3(range:0 to 46). Lymph node metastasis was observed in 13 cases (18.6%). Five cases (13.2%) developed grade B pancreatic fistula,while no grade C pancreatic fistula occurred. Other complications included bile leakage in one case(1.4%),delayed gastric emptying in two cases(2.9%), lymphatic leakage in 2 cases(2.9%),intra-abdominal infection in 9 cases(12.9%),and fat liquefaction of surgical incision in 1 case(1.4%). Two cases(2.9%) experienced postoperative intra-abdominal bleeding,one due to mesangial bleeding of lesser curvature of the stomach and the other due to oozing from the hepatic arterial sheath. These bleeding events were not concerned with IPDA. The average length of postoperative hospital stay was (15.2±4.6)days(range:9 to 28 days). Conclusion: Proper intraoperative management of IPDA in LPD might reduce IPDA-related bleeding during and after surgery and improve the safety of LPD.

[Characteristics of liver volume and pathological changes with different stages of liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease].

Objective: To measure the overall and lobulated volume of the liver with different degrees of liver fibrosis and to further observe pathological changes such as liver microvasculature, hepatocyte apoptosis, and regeneration in order to understand the macroscopic volume changes of the liver during liver fibrosis and its relationship with liver tissue microscopic pathology in patients with chronic liver disease. Methods: 53 patients with chronic hepatitis B, alcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and drug-induced chronic liver disease who underwent both liver biopsy tissue and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging were collected. Patients were divided into early (F1-2), middle (F3-4), and late (F5-6) in accordance with the Ishak fibrosis stage and Masson stain. The liver and spleen volumes were measured using ITK-SNAP software. CD31 immunohistochemical staining was used to reflect intrahepatic angiogenesis. Ki67 and HNF-4α multiplex immunohistochemical staining were used to reflect hepatocyte regeneration. GS staining was used to determine parenchymal extinction lesions. TUNEL staining was used to observe hepatocyte apoptosis. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between liver volume changes and liver histopathological changes. Results: As liver fibrosis progressed, the total liver volume and right lobe liver volume gradually decreased (P<0.05), while the spleen volume gradually increased (P<0.05). The expression of CD31 and GS gradually increased (P<0.05), and the expression of Ki67 first increased and then decreased (P<0.05). The positivity rate of CD31 was negatively correlated with the right lobe liver volume (r=-0.609, P<0.001) and the total liver volume (r=-0.363, P=0.017). The positivity rate of Ki67 was positively correlated with the right lobe liver volume (r=0.423, P=0.018), while the positivity rate of apoptotic cells was significantly negatively correlated with the total liver volume (r=-0.860, P<0.001). The positivity rate of GS was negatively correlated with the right lobe liver volume (r=-0.440, P=0.002), and the number of PELs was negatively correlated with RV (r=-0.476, P=0.013). The CD31 positive staining area was negatively correlated with the Ki67 positive staining area(r=-0.511, P=0.009). Conclusion: As liver fibrosis progresses, patients with chronic liver disease have a depletion in total liver volume and right lobe liver volume, and this is mainly in correlation with fewer liver cells and liver tissue microvasculature disorders.

[Analysis of the epidemiological traits of occupational pneumoconiosis in Qinhuangdao between 1961 and 2020].

Objective: To study the prevalence of occupational pneumoconiosis in Qinhuangdao from 1961 to 2020 and offer a foundation for developing occupational pneumoconiosis prevention and control methods. Methods: In December 2020, the data of occupational pneumoconiosis cases diagnosed by medical institutions with occupational disease diagnosis qualifications in Qinhuangdao City from 1961 to 2020 were collected Anova or kruskal-Walls tests and chi-square tests were used for inter-group comparisons of continuous and categorical variables, and LSD tests or Tamhane T2 tests were used for multiple comparisons. Results: Between 1961 and 2020, 384 cases of pneumoconiosis were documented in Qinhuangdao, of which 382 (99.5%) patients were men and 2 (0.5%) were women. The average dust service duration is 15 (9, 25) years, with a minimum duration of 0.5 years and a maximum duration of 49 years; Cases were primarily distributed in Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County (187 cases, 48.7%) and the Haigang district (160 cases, 41.7%) ; Type of pneumoconiosis was silicosis (340 cases, 88.5%), mainly 273 cases (71.1%) of stage I, 88 cases (22.9%) of stage II, and 23 cases (6.0% of stage III) ; Cases of Phase II and III and with short lengths of service are mainly concentrated in medium-sized, small, private limited liability companies and collective enterprises. Rrock work (166 cases, 43.2%), and loading kiln workers (42 cases, 10.9%) were the main types. Conclusion: Because the distribution of pneumoconiosis cases in Qinhuangdao city is concentrated and the length of service is decreasing, it is important to enhance the oversight of important area, businesses, industries, and job categories in line with the growth of the region's mineral resources.

[Regulatory effect of Diwu Yanggan Decoction on lysoglycerophospholipids in circulating exosomes in a mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the regulatory effect of Diwu Yanggan (DWYG) Decoction on lysoglycerophospholipids (Lyso-GPLs) in circulating exosomes in a mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS: Circulating exosomes isolated from mouse serum by size exclusion chromatography were morphologically characterized using transmission electron microscope and examined for surface markers CD9, CD63 and TSG101 using Western blotting. Twenty-four male Kunming mice were randomized into 3 groups for normal feeding (control, n=8) or high-fat diet feeding for 1 week to induce NAFLD, after which the latter mice were given DWYG decoction (treatment group, n=8) or normal saline (model group, n=8) by gavage for 4 weeks. After the last treatment, blood samples were collected from the mice for testing serum TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, ALT and AST levels and isolating circulating exosomes. Using multivariate statistical analysis based on targeted metabolomics strategy, the potential biomarkers for Lyso-GPLs in the exosomes were screened. RESULTS: The isolated exosomes about 100 nm in size had a typical saucer-like structure with distinct double-layer membranes and a mean particle size of 137.5 nm and expressed the specific surface marker proteins CD9, CD63 and TSG101. The mouse models of NAFLD had significantly increased serum levels of TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and AST and lowered serum ALT level. A total of 43 Lyso-GPLs with significant reduction after DWYG Decoction treatment were identified in NAFLD mice. CONCLUSION: DWYG Decoction can regulate Lyso-GPLs in circulating exosomes in NAFLD mice, which provides a new clue for studying the therapeutic mechanism of DWYG Decoction for liver disease.

[Research progress on the association between prenatal exposure to air pollutants and hypospadias in the offspring].

Recent epidemiological studies have increasingly found that pregnant women who are exposed to air pollutants (for example airborne particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, ozone, and sulfur dioxide) increase the risk of various birth defects in their offspring, such as congenital heart disease, neural tube defects, cleft lip and palate, and hypospadias. Hypospadias not only impairs the sexual function of infants but also causes major social and psychological problems during their growth period, therefore, the prevention and treatment of hypospadias infant carry substantial public health importance. However, the association between prenatal exposure to air pollution and hypospadias remains controversial. The study reviews the epidemiological research progress and potential biological mechanisms of prenatal maternal exposure to air pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and the risk of hypospadias in offspring. The study also summarizes the limitations of previous research and looks forward to future research directions, to provide scientific evidence for creating a healthy living environment for pregnant women, and reducing the risk of hypospadias in offspring.

[Advances in the application of minimal residual disease in non-metastatic colorectal cancer].

In recent years, the application of minimal residual disease (MRD) in solid tumors has gained widespread attention. MRD typically refers to the presence of residual cancer cells that remain undetectable by imaging after curative treatments, such as surgical resection. The presence of MRD post-surgery is significantly associated with an increased risk of tumor recurrence. In colorectal cancer, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) serves as an effective marker for assessing MRD, particularly in non-metastatic (stages I-III) colorectal cancer. As a real-time, accurate, and convenient biomarker, ctDNA can effectively predict tumor recurrence, guide postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy decisions, and provide crucial information for recurrence monitoring. The application prospects of ctDNA detection technology are vast, promising more precise and individualized treatment plans for colorectal cancer patients. This article comprehensively analyzes the progress in the application of ctDNA for detecting MRD in non-metastatic colorectal cancer patients, elaborates on its guiding role in clinical treatment decisions, and envisions the future development directions in this field.

Properties of Cosmic Deuterons Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.

Precision measurements by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station of the deuteron (D) flux are presented. The measurements are based on 21×10^{6} D nuclei in the rigidity range from 1.9 to 21 GV collected from May 2011 to April 2021. We observe that over the entire rigidity range the D flux exhibits nearly identical time variations with the p, ^{3}He, and ^{4}He fluxes. Above 4.5 GV, the D/^{4}He flux ratio is time independent and its rigidity dependence is well described by a single power law ∝R^{Δ} with Δ_{D/^{4}He}=-0.108±0.005. This is in contrast with the ^{3}He/^{4}He flux ratio for which we find Δ_{^{3}He/^{4}He}=-0.289±0.003. Above ∼13 GV we find a nearly identical rigidity dependence of the D and p fluxes with a D/p flux ratio of 0.027±0.001. These unexpected observations indicate that cosmic deuterons have a sizable primarylike component. With a method independent of cosmic ray propagation, we obtain the primary component of the D flux equal to 9.4±0.5% of the ^{4}He flux and the secondary component of the D flux equal to 58±5% of the ^{3}He flux.

[The 508th case: recurrent edema of bilateral lower extremities with proteinuria].

A 31-year-old man sought medical evaluation for a 2-year history of edema and proteinuria, with prior pathology suggesting atypical membranous nephropathy (MN). Despite treatment with a combination of steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and four courses of rituximab (1 g, intravenous injection), the patient's nephrotic syndrome showed no relief (24 h urine protein peaked at 31.18 g/d), indicating refractory nephrotic syndrome. Later in the disease course, a sudden surge of creatinine level (322.5 µmol/L) prompted a renal biopsy, which revealed concurrent acute interstitial nephritis. Further treatment involving steroids, cyclophosphamide, and a fifth rituximab infusion (1 g, intravenous injection) resulted in improvement in renal function (serum creatinine: 322.5➝147 µmol/L), but the MN failed to achieve partial relief. Subsequent treatment with the novel humanized CD20 monoclonal antibody obinutuzumab (1 g, intravenous injection) was initiated. In the latest follow-up, anti-phospholipase-A2-receptor antibody (PLA2R) antibody were negative, B cells were eliminated, serum albumin was 36 g/L, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio was 4 810 mg/g, and serum creatinine was 162 µmol/L. This case underscores the potential efficacy of obinutuzumab in refractory MN. For advanced MN cases, prompt identification of the cause of acute kidney injury is crucial, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to potentially stall renal function decline.

[Analysis of pediatric heart transplantation supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation].

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with end-stage heart failure who receive heart transplant under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Methods: The clinical data of 12 pediatric patients who received heart transplant with ECMO support in the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital and Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, from January 2019 to December 2023 was collected. The data included sex, age, weight, diagnosis, pre-ECMO lactate level, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS), and preoperative ECMO running time. Surgical data included cold ischemia time of the donor heart, cardiopulmonary bypass time, intraoperative use of immunosuppressant, postoperative use of ECMO, duration of postoperative ECMO, rate of successful weaning from ECMO, and survival discharge rate. The paired t-test was performed to compare cardiac function indices before and after left ventricular decompression. Results: The 12 patients ranged in age from 1.1 to 15.8 years, and weighted from 8 to 63 kg. Ten children were diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy, one with myocardial underdensification, and one with a novel heterozygous mutation of the SCN5A gene causing overlap syndrome complicated by fatal arrhythmia. Before ECMO, the lactate ranged from 0.6 to>15.0 mmol/L, the LVEF from 6.5% to 43%, and VIS from 3 to 108. Four patients underwent left ventricular decompression supported by preoperative ECMO, and their pulse pressure was significantly increased after decompression ((17.8±2.1) vs. (9.8±1.5) mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa, t=11.31, P=0.001), while there was no apparent change in LVEF ((26.8±4.4)% vs. (24.9±4.9)%, t=1.75, P=0.178). A total of 7 children received a second run of ECMO after surgery and 3 of them successfully weaned off ECMO and survived to discharge. In the entire cohort, 10 were successfully weaned from ECMO and 8 survived to discharge. Conclusions: For children with end-stage heart failure supported by ECMO, left ventricular decompression can significantly improve pulse pressure. These patients will eventually require heart transplantation.

[The relationship between rapid eye movement electromyogram activity and sleep stability in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the types of electromyogram (EMG) activity and sleep stability during rapid eye movement (REM) in patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder(RBD). Methods: One hundred and three patients with RBD who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from January 2017 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The general situation, clinical symptoms, sleep and emotion questionnaires and nocturnal PSG data were collected. According to the different proportions of tonic and phasic EMG activity, the group with a higher proportion of tonic EMG than phasic EMG was defined as the tonic dominant group, and the group with a higher proportion of phasic EMG than tonic was defined as the phasic dominant group. The sleep instability index was calculated according to the ratio of the number of transitions from sleep to wakefulness to the total sleep time of each sleep stage. Multiple linear regression was used to explore the relationship between REM EMG activity and sleep instability index. Results: A total of 35 idiopathic RBD (iRBD) patients were included, aged(54.5±18.2)years, with 17 males and 18 females. There were 27 RBD with Parkinson's disease (PD), with an average age of (59.4±7.9)years, including 17 males and 10 females. Additionally, there were 41 RBD patients with narcolepsy, aged (21.2±13.2)years, consisting of 22 males and 19 females. Both iRBD and RBD patients with PD had lower objective total sleep time, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, wake time after sleep onset and the percentage of N3 sleep compared to RBD with episodic sleep disorder (all P<0.05). N1-W index[M(Q1, Q3),10.6 (6.5, 16.9)/h vs 7.3 (4.7, 10.5)/h], N2-W index [4.0 (2.2, 5.6)/h vs 2.3 (1.5, 3.9)/h], NREM-W index [ (5.8±2.9)/h vs (4.5±3.2)/h] and REM-W index[ 3.9 (1.9, 7.3)/h vs 2.7 (1.0, 4.0)/h] in the phasic dominant group were higher than those in the tonic dominant group. After adjusting for confounding factors, the effect of phasic EMG dominant group on REM-W was higher than that in the tonic dominant group (ß=2.05, 95%CI: 0.09-3.26, P=0.012). Conclusion: In RBD patients, the phasic EMG activity has a significant impact on sleep stability, especially on REM sleep stability.

[Current status of palliative care for patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer in China: a questionnaire-based survey].

Objective: To analyze the current adoption of palliative care by patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in China. Methods: From 1 March 2023 to 30 June 2023, a questionnaire survey was conducted by random sampling. An exclusive research platform for the Blue Book on Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. An online questionnaire was sent to medical oncologists (including chief physicians, associate chief physicians, attending physicians and residents) in general hospitals and oncology hospitals in four major regions of East, Central, South and Northeast China. The questionnaire contained 28 questions requesting basic information about doctors, the number of patients with mCRC, the status of treatment from first to fourth line and beyond, points concerning treatment of pain in patients with mCRC, and expectations for the future. A medical team was responsible for the quality control of data collected, whereas statisticians performed the data cleaning and sorting and statistical analysis. Results: A total of 300 clinical questionnaires were collected, including 217 (72%) from doctors in general hospitals and 83 (28%) from doctors in oncology hospitals. Senior physicians (including associate chief physicians and chief physicians) accounted for 65% of the respondents, attending physicians 30%, and residents 5%. Within 3 months (average for each month), 46.4±26.6% patients were diagnosed with recurrent or unresectable mCRC by each physician, 51.6±26.8% of the patients being in cancer hospitals and 44.4±26.3% in general hospitals. One hundred percent of patients receiving first-line treatment received palliative care, as did 80.3% of those receiving second-line treatment, 58.2% of those receiving third-line treatment, and 35.1% of those receiving ≥fourth-line treatment. The primary factor governing selection of first-line treatment was guideline recommendations, whereas comorbidities and the patients' physical status dictated second line to fourth line treatment. Standard first-line treatment was administered to 93.8% of eligible patients, standard second-line treatment to 94.3%; and standard third-line treatment to 73.5%. First-line therapy included targeted therapy in 63.6% of patients and immunotherapy in 2.8%; second-line therapy included targeted therapy in 63.0% of patients and immunotherapy in 2.0%; third-line therapy included targeted therapy in 59.2% of patients and immunotherapy in 2.2%; and fourth-line therapy included targeted therapy in 48.7% of patients and immunotherapy in 3.1%. First-line treatment lasted an average of 9.6 months, second-line treatment 6.7 months, third-line treatment 4.9 months, and fourth-line treatment 3.7 months. More than 70% of the patients maintained a good quality of life after receiving first and second-line treatment and more than 60% of them had ECOG performance scores of 0-1. After receiving third- and fourth-line treatment, 50%-60% of patients maintained a good quality of life and 40%-50% of them maintained ECOG performance scores of 0-1. The survey also revealed that the main deficiencies in treatment were limited effectiveness of third-line treatment, insufficient availability and opportunity for clinical research, popularity of new drugs or new drug combination strategies, and limited channels for participation in multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment. Clinicians reported looking forward to participating in more clinical research on new drugs, hearing about the experience of experts in the field, and discovery of new targets and new drugs that increased the options for posterior line treatment of colorectal cancer. Conclusions: This report objectively summarizes the current situation, treatment difficulties, and expectations of frontline physicians concerning management of mCRC, thus providing a basis for decision-making and future direction for the diagnosis and research on treatment of mCRC.

Measurements of Normalized Differential Cross Sections of Inclusive η Production in e

Using data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring, the cross section of the inclusive process e^{+}e^{-}→η+X, normalized by the total cross section of e^{+}e^{-}→hadrons, is measured at eight center-of-mass energy points from 2.0000 to 3.6710 GeV. These are the first measurements with momentum dependence in this energy region. Our measurement shows a significant discrepancy compared to the existing fragmentation functions. To address this discrepancy, a new QCD analysis is performed at the next-to-next-to-leading order with hadron mass corrections and higher twist effects, which can explain both the established high-energy data and our measurements reasonably well.

[Solasonine promotes apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells by regulating the Bcl-2/Bax/caspase-3 pathway].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of solasonine, an active component of Solanum nigrum, on proliferation and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer PC9 cells. METHODS: PC9 cells were treated with 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, or 25 µmol/L solasonine, and the changes in cell proliferation were examined using CCK-8 assay. Tetramethyl rhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) was used to detect the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, and caspase-3/7 detection kit and GreenNucTM caspase-3/Annexin V-mCherry kit for live cell were used to analyze the changes in caspase-3 of the cells. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining was employed to analyze the apoptosis rate of the cells. The effect of PTEN inhibitors on solasonine-induced cell apoptosis was examined by detecting apoptosis-related protein expressions using Western blotting. RESULTS: Solasonine treatment for 24, 48, and 72 h significantly lowered the viability of PC9 cells. The cells treated with solasonine for 24 h showed significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased cell apoptosis with enhanced caspase-3/7 and caspase-3 activities and expression of cleaved caspase-3. Solasonine treatment significantly decreased phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt, increased the protein expressions of PTEN and Bax, and lowered the expression of Bcl-2 protein in the cells. CONCLUSION: Solasonine inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of PC9 cells by regulating the Bcl-2/Bax/caspase-3 pathway and its upstream proteins.

Efficacy and safety of topical NSAIDs combined with physiotherapy for frozen shoulder: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: Frozen shoulder is a prevalent condition among individuals in their middle and later years. Invasive therapy has shown promising results in the treatment of frozen shoulders, but its widespread adoption has been hampered by high costs and the need for advanced medical technology. As a result, patients with frozen shoulders often turn to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for symptomatic relief. However, the oral administration of NSAIDs can lead to troublesome adverse effects on the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and urinary systems. In contrast, topical NSAIDs have gained attention for their excellent efficacy and lower adverse effects in various chronic pain conditions. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of topical NSAIDs in improving pain and mobility among patients with frozen shoulders. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 108 patients experiencing moderate to severe pain and mobility impairment due to frozen shoulder were enrolled in this study. The participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=72) or the control group (n=36). The experimental group received daily treatment with the loxoprofen hydrogel patch (LOX-P) in addition to basic rehabilitation physiotherapy. The control group was treated with flurbiprofen cataplasm (FLU-C) twice a day, along with rehabilitation physiotherapy. The primary endpoint for evaluating the efficacy of the two patches was the Constant-Murley score (CMS). Clinical symptom data, adverse events, and patient satisfaction were also recorded. RESULTS: After 14 days of treatment, the effective rate was 66.67% (n=48) in the experimental group and 41.67% (n=15) in the control group. The overall difference in the effective rates was 25.00% (95% CI=5.20-42.52; p=0.013). The safety profiles of the two topical agents were similar, with only a few adverse events reported. CONCLUSIONS: The loxoprofen hydrogel patch demonstrates a significant ability to alleviate shoulder pain and restore shoulder function in the treatment of frozen shoulder, with minimal adverse reactions. Chictr.org.cn ID: ChiCTR2100052375.