Transcriptome profiling reveals the protective mechanism of sulfated Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides against oxidative damage of IEC-6 cell.

Our previous studies have shown that sulfated Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides (SCP3) can alleviate intestinal oxidative stress (OS) damage by improving the antioxidant capacity of the intestine, but its mechanism still needs further exploration. This study aimed to reveal the possible underlying protective mechanism of SCP3 against OS damage of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) based on transcriptome profiling. The results showed that SCP3 could increase the activity of superoxide dismutase and reduce the production of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species. In addition, the SCP3 could also alleviate the H2O2-induced high apoptosis rate and mitochondrial membrane potential decrease in IEC-6 cells. RNA-sequencing results showed that there were 2152 differentially expressed genes between the control group and the SCP3 group, and the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways are the main signaling pathways that contributed to SCP3 protecting IEC-6 cells from OS damage. In summary, the SCP3 plays a role in improving intestinal cell damage by inhibiting OS, which may be closely related to the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides as an antioxidant ingredient in auxiliary medicines and functional foods.

Effects of Premna microphylla turcz polysaccharide on rheological, gelling, and structural properties of mung bean starch and their interactions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Premna microphylla turcz polysaccharide (PMP) on the rheological, gelling, and structural properties of mung bean starch (MBS) and their potential interaction mechanism. Results showed that the addition of PMP significantly improved the pasting properties, rheological properties, water holding capacity, and thermostability of MBS. The texture tests showed a decrease in hardness, gumminess and chewiness, indicating the retrogradation of MBS was inhibited. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suggested the MBS-PMP composite gels expressed a denser microstructure with obvious folds and tears. Moreover, the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and interaction force tests revealed the main forces between MBS and PMP were hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions to form composite gels with great gelling properties. These results facilitate the practical application of MBS and PMP, and provide some references for understanding the interaction mechanism between starch and polysaccharide.

A Novel Approach for the Detection and Severity Grading of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Based on Transformed Volumetric Capnography.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), as the third leading cause of death worldwide, is a major global health issue. The early detection and grading of COPD are pivotal for effective treatment. Traditional spirometry tests, requiring considerable physical effort and strict adherence to quality standards, pose challenges in COPD diagnosis. Volumetric capnography (VCap), which can be performed during natural breathing without requiring additional compliance, presents a promising alternative tool. In this study, the dataset comprised 279 subjects with normal pulmonary function and 148 patients diagnosed with COPD. We introduced a novel quantitative analysis method for VCap. Volumetric capnograms were converted into two-dimensional grayscale images through the application of Gramian Angular Field (GAF) transformation. Subsequently, a multi-scale convolutional neural network, CapnoNet, was conducted to extract features and facilitate classification. To improve CapnoNet's performance, two data augmentation techniques were implemented. The proposed model exhibited a detection accuracy for COPD of 95.83%, with precision, recall, and F1 measures of 95.21%, 95.70%, and 95.45%, respectively. In the task of grading the severity of COPD, the model attained an accuracy of 96.36%, complemented by precision, recall, and F1 scores of 88.49%, 89.99%, and 89.15%, respectively. This work provides a new perspective for the quantitative analysis of volumetric capnography and demonstrates the strong performance of the proposed CapnoNet in the diagnosis and grading of COPD. It offers direction and an effective solution for the clinical application of capnography.

Large and small amplitude oscillatory shear techniques evaluate the nonlinear rheological properties of Ficus pumila polysaccharide -wheat starch gel.

Polysaccharides are used in starch-based product formulations to enhance the final quality of food products. This study examined the interaction mechanisms in Ficus pumila polysaccharide (FPP) and wheat starch (WS) gel systems with varying FPP concentrations using linear and nonlinear rheological analysis. Physicochemical structural analyses showed non-covalent FPP-WS interactions, strengthening hydrogen bonding between molecules and promoting water binding and ordered structure generation during WS gel aging. Small amplitude oscillatory shear analyses revealed that elevated FPP concentrations led to increased storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G"), critical strains (From 29.02 % to 53.32 %) and yield stresses (From 0.94 Pa to 30.97 Pa) in the WS gel system, along with improved resistance to deformation and short-term regeneration. In the nonlinear viscoelastic region, FPP-WS gels shifted from elastic to viscous behavior. Higher FPP concentrations displayed increased energy dissipation, strain hardening (S>0, e3/e1 > 0) and shear thinning (T<0, v3/v1<0). FPP contributes more nonlinearity in the dynamic flow field as showed by the high harmonic ratio, with a larger I3/I1 values overall. This study highlights FPP's potential in starch gel food processing, and offers a theoretical basis for understanding hydrocolloid-starch interactions.

Characterization and antioxidant properties of three exopolysaccharides produced by the Cyclocarya paliurus endophytic fungus.

In recent years, the considerable potential of endophytic bacteria and fungi as prolific producers of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have attracted interest. In this study, 56 endophytes were isolated from Cyclocarya paliurus, and the secondary metabolites of EPSs were extracted from Monascus purpureus, Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus versicolor, screened, and named MPE, PCE and AVE, respectively. In this work, the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of three EPSs, their cell proliferation activity on IEC-6 and RAW264.7 were investigated. The three EPSs were mainly composed of neutral sugar and differ in microstructure. However, MPE had a loose structure, and PCE exhibited a dense and sheet-like structure. In addition, the three EPSs performed ordinary antioxidant activity in vitro but showed excellent cell proliferation activity on IEC-6 and RAW264.7. The cell proliferation activity of PCE was 1.4-fold that of the controls at a concentration of 800 µg/mL on IEC-6, and MPE exhibited 1.3-fold increase on RAW264.7. This study provided scientific evidence and insights into the application of endophytes as a novel plant resource possessing huge application potential.

A case report of using gauze packing to treat postoperative chest bleeding after left pneumonectomy for secondary rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis.

One patient with rifampin-resistant tuberculosis underwent emergency left pneumonectomy and thoracic gauze packing for hemoptysis due to recurrent hemoptysis after transcatheter arterial embolization. Vital signs were maintained by mechanical ventilation and medication. Tracheotomy and anti-tuberculosis treatment were performed. After half a year of follow-up, the patient's condition was stable.

The application of impulse oscillometry system based on machine learning algorithm in the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Objective. Diagnosing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using impulse oscillometry (IOS) is challenging due to the high level of clinical expertise it demands from doctors, which limits the clinical application of IOS in screening. The primary aim of this study is to develop a COPD diagnostic model based on machine learning algorithms using IOS test results.Approach. Feature selection was conducted to identify the optimal subset of features from the original feature set, which significantly enhanced the classifier's performance. Additionally, secondary features area of reactance (AX) were derived from the original features based on clinical theory, further enhancing the performance of the classifier. The performance of the model was analyzed and validated using various classifiers and hyperparameter settings to identify the optimal classifier. We collected 528 clinical data examples from the China-Japan Friendship Hospital for training and validating the model.Main results. The proposed model achieved reasonably accurate diagnostic results in the clinical data (accuracy = 0.920, specificity = 0.941, precision = 0.875, recall = 0.875).Significance. The results of this study demonstrate that the proposed classifier model, feature selection method, and derived secondary feature AX provide significant auxiliary support in reducing the requirement for clinical experience in COPD diagnosis using IOS.

Synergistic rosemary extract with TBHQ and citric acid improves oxidative stability and shelf life of peanut.

Lipid oxidation often accompanies the processing and storage of peanuts, which causes a serious waste of peanut resources. To solve the problem of being prone to oxidation in peanut processing, a ternary complex antioxidant based on rosemary extract (RE) was constructed to investigate its effect on the oxidative and thermal stability of peanuts, and the inhibition of peanut oxidation by compound antioxidants was revealed by dynamic Arrhenius formula and complexation theory. The results showed that there was a synergistic effect between RE and Tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), and the antioxidant effects of RE and TBHQ were 4.86 and 1.45 times higher when used in combination than when used alone, respectively. In addition, RE-TBHQ-CA (citric acid) effectively inhibited primary and secondary oxidation of peanuts with a shelf life 8.7 times longer than that of control peanuts. This study provides a novel antioxidant compounding idea, which has a positive effect on improving the quality of peanut and other nut products, prolonging the shelf life and reducing the waste of resources. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Compounding a complex antioxidant that permits its use in peanuts. It was found that rosemary and TBHQ might have synergistic antioxidant effects. Meanwhile, this combination of RE-TBHQ-CA effectively inhibited the oxidation of peanut oils and prolonged the shelf life of peanuts. RE-TBHQ-CA is a highly efficient complex antioxidant that can reduce the amounts of antioxidants added while maintaining high antioxidant efficiency, which may be useful for the future preservation and storage of nut products as it positively affects the quality and shelf life of the product.

Biochanin A inhibits endothelial dysfunction induced by IL­6­stimulated endothelial microparticles in Perthes disease via the NFκB pathway.

Endothelial dysfunction caused by the stimulation of endothelial microparticles (EMPs) by the inflammatory factor IL-6 is one of the pathogenic pathways associated with Perthes disease. The natural active product biochanin A (BCA) has an anti-inflammatory effect; however, whether it can alleviate endothelial dysfunction in Perthes disease is not known. The present in vitro experiments on human umbilical vein endothelial cells showed that 0-100 pg/ml IL-6-EMPs could induce endothelial dysfunction in a concentration-dependent manner, and the results of the Cell Counting Kit 8 assay revealed that, at concentrations of <20 µM, BCA had no cytotoxic effect. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR demonstrated that BCA reduced the expression levels of the endothelial dysfunction indexes E-selectin and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in a concentration-dependent manner. Immunofluorescence and western blotting illustrated that BCA increased the expression levels of zonula occludens-1 and decreased those of ICAM-1. Mechanistic studies showed that BCA inhibited activation of the NFκB pathway. In vivo experiments demonstrated that IL-6 was significantly increased in the rat model of ischemic necrosis of the femoral head, whereas BCA inhibited IL-6 production. Therefore, in Perthes disease, BCA may inhibit the NFκB pathway to suppress IL-6-EMP-induced endothelial dysfunction, and could thus be regarded as a potential treatment for Perthes disease.

Reliable automatic sleep stage classification based on hybrid intelligence.

Sleep staging is a vital aspect of sleep assessment, serving as a critical tool for evaluating the quality of sleep and identifying sleep disorders. Manual sleep staging is a laborious process, while automatic sleep staging is seldom utilized in clinical practice due to issues related to the inadequate accuracy and interpretability of classification results in automatic sleep staging models. In this work, a hybrid intelligent model is presented for automatic sleep staging, which integrates data intelligence and knowledge intelligence, to attain a balance between accuracy, interpretability, and generalizability in the sleep stage classification. Specifically, it is built on any combination of typical electroencephalography (EEG) and electrooculography (EOG) channels, including a temporal fully convolutional network based on the U-Net architecture and a multi-task feature mapping structure. The experimental results show that, compared to current interpretable automatic sleep staging models, our model achieves a Macro-F1 score of 0.804 on the ISRUC dataset and 0.780 on the Sleep-EDFx dataset. Moreover, we use knowledge intelligence to address issues of excessive jumps and unreasonable sleep stage transitions in the coarse sleep graphs obtained by the model. We also explore the different ways knowledge intelligence affects coarse sleep graphs by combining different sleep graph correction methods. Our research can offer convenient support for sleep physicians, indicating its significant potential in improving the efficiency of clinical sleep staging.

Interfacial Behavior and Long-Term Stability of the Emulsions Stabilized by Sugar Beet Pectin-Ca2+ Complexes with Different Cross-Linking Degrees.

Recent studies showed that sugar beet pectin exhibited more excellent emulsifying properties than traditional citrus peel pectin and apple pectin ascribed to the higher content of neutral sugar, protein, ferulic acid, and acetyl groups. It is precisely because of the extremely complex molecular structure of pectin that the emulsifying properties of the pectin-Ca2+ complex are still unclear. In this study, SBP-Ca2+ complexes with different cross-linking degrees were prepared. Subsequently, their interfacial adsorption kinetics, the resistance of interfacial films to external perturbances, and the long-term stability of the emulsions formed by these SBP-Ca2+ complexes were measured. The results indicated that the highly cross-linked SBP-Ca2+ complex exhibited slower interfacial adsorption kinetics than SBP alone. Moreover, compared with SBP alone, the oil-water interfacial film loaded by the highly cross-linked SBP-Ca2+ complex exhibited a lower elasticity and a poorer resistance to external perturbances. This resulted in a larger droplet size, a lower ζ-potential value, a larger continuous viscosity, and a worse long-term stability of the emulsion formed by the highly cross-linked SBP-Ca2+ complex. This study has very important guiding significance for deeply understanding the emulsification mechanism of the pectin-Ca2+ complex.

Exploring Impact of Probiotic-Fermented Soymilk on Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis via Modulating Inflammation and Gut Microbiota Profile.

SCOPE: Lactic acid bacteria with probiotic functions and their fermentation products play a role in regulating ulcerative colitis (UC). This study investigates the potential role of fermented soymilk (FSM4) rich in isoflavones on DSS-induced UC. METHODS AND RESULTS: Mice received 3% DSS and are supplemented daily once for 1 week by NFSM and FSM4. DSS usually causes intestinal inflammation and alters the gut microbiota. FSM4 intervention improves the UC-related inflammation and gut microbiota alteration. It considerably decreases pro-inflammatories such as TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 in serum and COX-2 and MPO in colon tissues and pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia-Shigella). This facilitates gut-healthy bacteria growth. These healthy bacteria negatively correlat with pro-inflammatory factors but positively associated with acetic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid, which may act for PPAR-γ pathway activating and NF-κB p65 pathway inhibiting, lowering the risk of UC. Overall, FSM4 might alleviate UC and significantly reverse the dysbiosis of gut microbiota via the PPAR-γ activation. It could be a good alternative for developing functional food to protect against UC. CONCLUSION: FSM4 attenuates intestinal inflammation and modulates the SCFA-producing bacteria growth, which enable the PPAR-γ activation to alleviate the UC target, which could be a dietary intervention strategy for gut health.

Lymph node dissection effectively shortens the course of anti-tuberculosis treatment.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of postoperative ultra-short-course chemotherapy in treating cervical lymph node tuberculosis in the Wuhan region. Methods: Follow-up of patients in the surgery and non-surgery group after discharge, evaluating the number of cervical lymph nodes during the administration of antituberculosis drugs. Results: The age of the patients in the surgical therapy group ranged from 6 to 83 years old with an average age of 45 and a standard deviation of 20. The number of cervical lymph nodes in the patients ranged from 1.61 to 8.15. The average antituberculosis treatment duration before surgery for patients in the surgical group was 98.02 days, while for patients in the non-surgical group it was 96.13 days. The average length of hospital stay for patients receiving surgical treatment was 12.76 days, while for patients receiving non-surgical treatment it was 8.74 days. The average antituberculosis treatment duration after discharge for patients in the surgical group was 205 days, with a standard deviation of 42.39, while for patients in the non-surgical group it was 372 days, with a standard deviation of 71.54. The T-test results for antituberculosis treatment during hospitalization and after discharge were 98.3x10-10 and 5.02x10-67, respectively. Conclusion: After surgical treatment of cervical lymph node tuberculosis, the effectiveness of a 4-6 month short-course chemotherapy in Wuhan region is not weaker than the effectiveness of a conventional 6-9 month drug treatment.

The safety and efficacy of decortication for stage III drug-resistant tuberculous empyema.

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of decortication for stage III drug-resistant tuberculous empyema (TE). METHODS: We analysed all patients with stage III TE who underwent decortication between March 2015 and October 2019 at Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to drug-susceptibility testing of bronchoscopy lavage fluid, pleural effusion and tissue specimens, including a drug-resistant group and a drug-sensitive group. We collected and compared the preoperative, perioperative and postoperative data from the 2 groups to evaluate the safety and efficacy of decortication for stage III drug-resistant TE. RESULTS: In total, 135 cases met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled, including 30 cases in the drug-resistant group and 105 cases in the drug-sensitive group. No deaths were recorded for the entire study population. Compared to the drug-sensitive group, the drug-resistant group had longer operation times (259.8 ± 78.4 min vs 187.2 ± 56.0 min, P = 0.00), a larger volume of intraoperative blood loss [300 (200,400) ml vs 200 (130, 300) ml, P = 0.00] and a higher intraoperative transfusion rate (5/30, 16.7% vs 4/105, 3.8%, P = 0.04). The rate of complications was significantly higher in the drug-resistant group (23; 76.7%) than in the drug-sensitive group (53; 50.5%) (P = 0.01). Recurrence was not reported in any of the patients. Twenty-three (76.7%) patients in the drug-resistant group and 90 (85.7%) patients in the drug-sensitive group recovered to an "excellent" level, and 3 cases in each group recovered to a "poor" level; there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in surgical effects (P = 0.21). CONCLUSIONS: Decortication is a safe, effective and feasible option for patients with stage III drug-resistant TE, although the operation is difficult and risky.

A Fast Calibration Method for Pneumotachograph with a 3L Syringe.

The pneumotachograph (PNT), a commonly used flowmeter in pulmonary function diagnostic equipment, is the required frequency calibration to maintain high accuracy. Aiming to simplify calibration steps, we developed a fast calibration system with a commercially available 3L syringe to provide a real output flow waveform. The acquisition of the real output flow waveform is based on the reliable measurement of in-cylinder pressure and the real-time detection of plunger speed. To improve the calibration accuracy, the tapping position for measuring in-cylinder pressure was optimized by CFD dynamic-mesh updating technique. The plunger speed was obtained by tracking the handle of the plunger with a smart terminal. Then, the real output flow was corrected using a compensation model equation. The calibration system was verified by the pulmonary waveform generator that the accuracy satisfied the requirements for respiratory flow measurement according to ATS standardization. The experimental results suggest that the developed method promises the fast calibration of PNT.

Sulfated Chinese Yam Polysaccharides Alleviate LPS-Induced Acute Inflammation in Mice through Modulating Intestinal Microbiota.

This study aimed to test the preventive anti-inflammatory properties of Chinese yam polysaccharides (CYP) and sulfated Chinese yam polysaccharides (SCYP) on LPS-induced systemic acute inflammation in mice and investigate their mechanisms of action. The results showed that SCYP can efficiently reduce plasma TNF-α and IL-6 levels, exhibiting an obvious anti-inflammation ability. Moreover, SCYP reduced hepatic TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß secretion more effectively than CYP, and significantly altered intestinal oxidative stress levels. In addition, a 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that CYP regulated the gut microbiota by decreasing Desulfovibrio and Sutterella and increasing Prevotella. SCYP changed the gut microbiota by decreasing Desulfovibrio and increasing Coprococcus, which reversed the microbiota dysbiosis caused by LPS. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) revealed that treatment with CYP and SCYP can produce more biomarkers of the gut microbiome that can promote the proliferation of polysaccharide-degrading bacteria and facilitate the intestinal de-utilization of polysaccharides. These results suggest that SCYP can differentially regulate intestinal flora, and that they exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, thus providing a new reference to rationalize the exploitation of sulfated yam polysaccharides.

A critical review of RG-I pectin: sources, extraction methods, structure, and applications.

In recent years, RG-I pectin isolated by low-temperature alkaline extraction methods has attracted the attention of a large number of researchers due to its huge health benefits. However, studies on other applications of RG-I pectin are still lacking. In this study, we summarized the sources (e.g. potato pulp, sugar beet pulp, okra, apple pomace, citrus peel, pumpkin, grapefruit, ginseng, etc.), extraction methods, fine structure and applications of RG-I pectin in physiological activities (e.g. anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-oxidation, immune regulation, prebiotics, etc.), emulsions, gels, etc. These neutral sugar side chains not only endow RG-I pectin with various physiological activities but the entanglement and cross-linking of these side chains also endow RG-I pectin with excellent emulsifying and gelling properties. We believe that this review can not only provide a comprehensive reading for new workers interested in RG-I pectin, but also provide a valuable reference for future research directions of RG-I pectin.

Characterization of gallic acid-Chinese yam starch biodegradable film incorporated with chitosan for potential use in pork preservation.

The widely use of petroleum-based plastics causes serious environmental pollution and oil resource shortage. In this work, biodegradable films were prepared based on gallic acid (GA)-induced Chinese yam starch (YS) and chitosan (CS). The fresh-keeping effect of biodegradable films on the pork meat preservation were investigated. The prepared GA/YS/CS biodegradable films exhibited thinner thickness and better light transmittance, because CS effectively decreased the viscosity of film-forming solution and weaken its internal link structure. The SEM results and mechanical results revealed that the YS, GA, and CS had a good compatibility, GA modification and adding CS markedly improved the tensile strength of YS-based film, because the interaction between CS and starch molecular was facilitate owing to the NH3+ of CS tended to form hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl group of starch. Sensory analysis results suggested that GA/YS/CS films can effectively improve the quality of pork during storage compared to the package of polyethylene film. In summary, the prepared GA/YS/CS film in this work had practical application potential in pork preservation due to its excellent mechanical, antibacterial, oxidation resistance properties, and the development and application of biodegradable starch film can greatly reduce the increasingly serious environmental pollution pressure.

Multiscale combined techniques for evaluating emulsion stability: A critical review.

Emulsions are multiscale and thermodynamically unstable systems which will undergo various unstable processes over time. The behavior of emulsifier molecules at the oil-water interface and the properties of the interfacial film are very important to the stability of the emulsion. In this paper, we mainly discussed the instability phenomena and mechanisms of emulsions, the effects of interfacial films on the long-term stability of emulsions and summarized a set of systematic multiscale combined methods for studying emulsion stability, including droplet size and distribution, zeta-potential, the continuous phase viscosity, adsorption mass and thickness of the interfacial film, interfacial dilatational rheology, interfacial shear rheology, particle tracking microrheology, visualization technologies of the interfacial film, molecular dynamics simulation and the quantitative evaluation methods of emulsion stability. This review provides the latest research progress and a set of systematic multiscale combined techniques and methods for researchers who are committed to the study of oil-water interface and emulsion stability. In addition, this review has important guiding significances for designing and customizing interfacial films with different properties, so as to obtain emulsion-based delivery systems with varying stability, oil digestibility and bioactive substance utilization.

A novel multi-scale 2D CNN with weighted focal loss for arrhythmias detection on varying-dimensional ECGs.

Objective. The ECG is a standard diagnostic tool for identifying many arrhythmias. Accurate diagnosis and early intervention for arrhythmias are of great significance to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Our objective is to develop an algorithm that can automatically identify 30 arrhythmias by using varying-dimensional ECG signals.Approach. In this paper, we firstly proposed a novel multi-scale 2D CNN that can effectively capture pathological information from small-scale to large-scale from ECG signals to identify 30 arrhythmias from 12-lead, 6-lead, 4-lead, 3-lead, and 2-lead ECGs. Secondly, we explored the effects of varying convolution kernels sizes and branch subnetworks on the model's performance for each arrhythmia. Thirdly, we introduced the weighted focal loss to alleviate the positive-negative class imbalance problem in the multi-label arrhythmias classification. Fourthly, we explored the utility of reduced-lead ECGs in detecting arrhythmias by comparing the performances of models on varying-dimensional ECGs.Main results. As a follow-up entry after the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge (2021), our proposed approach achieved the official test scores of 0.52, 0.47, 0.53, 0.51, and 0.50 for the 12-lead, 6-lead, 4-lead, 3-lead, and 2-lead ECGs on the hidden test set (comparable to that of 6th, 11th, 4th, 5th, and 7th out of 39 teams in the Challenge).Significance. A multi-scale framework capable of detecting 30 arrhythmias from varying-dimensional ECGs was proposed in our work. We preliminarily verified that the multi-scale perception fields may be necessary to capture more comprehensive pathological information for arrhythmias detection. Besides, we also verified that the weighted focal loss may alleviate the positive-negative class imbalance and improve the model's generalization performance on the cross-dataset. In addition, we observed that some reduced-lead models, such as the 4-lead and 3-lead models, can even achieve performance that is almost comparable to that of the 12-lead model. The excellent performance of our proposed framework demonstrates its great potential in detecting a wide range of arrhythmias.