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Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of cells with self-renewal ability and tumor generating potential. Accumulated evidence has revealed that CSCs were shown to contribute to tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence and resistance to chemoradiotherapy. Therefore, CSCs were regarded as promising therapeutic targets in cancer. This study is the first to reveal the development process, research hotspots, and trends of entire CSCs research field through bibliometric methods. All relevant publications on CSCs with more than 100 citations (notable papers) and the 100 most cited papers (top papers) during 1997 to 2023 were extracted and analyzed. Cancer research published the largest number of papers (184 papers). The USA accounted for the most publications (1326 papers). Rich, JN was the author with the most publications (56 papers) and the highest M-index (3.111). The most contributive institution was the University of Texas System (164 papers). Before 2007, research mainly focused on the definition and recognition of CSCs. Between 2007 and 2016, with the emergence of the terms such as "sonic hedgehog," "metabolism," "oxidative phosphorylation," and "epithelial mesenchymal transition," research began to shift toward exploring the mechanisms of CSCs. In 2016, the focus transitioned to the tumor microenvironment and the ecological niches. The analysis of papers published in major journals since 2021 showed that "transcription," "inhibition," and "chemoresistance" emerged as new focused issues. In general, the research focus has gradually shifted from basic biology to clinical transformation. "Tumor microenvironment" and "chemo-resistance" should be given more attention in the future.
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Bibliometría , Investigación Biomédica , Células Madre Neoplásicas , Humanos , Investigación Biomédica/tendencias , Neoplasias/patología , Neoplasias/terapia , Microambiente TumoralRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Unilateral biportal endoscopic decompression (UBED) offers the advantages of minimal tissue damage, operational flexibility, and clear visualization, positioning it as an innovative and minimally invasive endoscopic technique. Nevertheless, the clinical evidence supporting the use of UBED in the treatment of degenerative lumbar diseases is limited and conflicting. METHODS: As of October 1, 2023, a comprehensive search was conducted across databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify all published studies on minimally invasive UBED for the treatment of degenerative lumbar diseases. Data pertaining to patient demographics, fluoroscopy time, operative duration, intraoperative hemorrhage, hospitalization length, visual analog scale (VAS) score for back and leg pain, MacNab criteria, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and complication rates were extracted. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was utilized to assess the quality. RESULTS: Twelve articles were included, involving 816 patients. The back VAS score (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.09-0.07, P = 0.75), MacNab criteria (95% CI: 0.52-2.3, P = 0.82), fluoroscopy time (95% CI: -7.03 to -0.4, P = 0.08), and the incidence of complications (95% CI: 0.5-1.73, P = 0.82) were not significantly different, while the leg VAS score (95% CI: 0.01-0.18, P = 0.03), ODI score (95% CI: -1.03 to -0.09, P = 0.02), operation time (95% CI: 5.76-20.62, P = 0.0005), hospitalization length (95% CI: 0.41-2.76, P = 0.008), and intraoperative hemorrhage (95% CI: 21.92-72.44, P = 0.0003) were significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: UBED offers superiority in ODI, flexibility, and visual field clarity. Conversely, percutaneous endoscopic lumbar decompression presents advantages in terms of operation duration, blood loss, hospitalization length, and leg VAS score. These factors should be thoroughly considered when selecting a surgical approach.
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Descompresión Quirúrgica , Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral , Vértebras Lumbares , Humanos , Descompresión Quirúrgica/métodos , Vértebras Lumbares/cirugía , Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral/cirugía , Resultado del Tratamiento , Neuroendoscopía/métodos , Endoscopía/métodos , Tempo OperativoRESUMEN
Background: Hepatobiliary cancer (HBC), including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and biliary tract cancer (BTC), is currently one of the malignant tumors that mainly cause human death. Many HBCs are diagnosed in the late stage, which increases the disease burden, indicating that effective prevention strategies and identification of risk factors are urgent. Many studies have reported the role of thyroid hormones on HBC. Our research aims to assess the causal effects and investigate the mediation effects between thyroid function and HBC. Methods: Utilizing the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, the study employs single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs) to explore causal links between thyroid function [free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism] and HBC. Data were sourced from the ThyroidOmic consortium and FinnGen consortium. The analysis included univariable and multivariable MR analysis, followed by mediation analysis. Results: The study found a significant causal association between high FT4 levels and the reduced risk of BTC, but not HCC. However, TSH, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism had no causal associations with the risk of HBC. Notably, we also demonstrated that only higher FT4 levels with the reference range (FT4-RR) could reduce the risk of BTC because this protective effect no longer existed under the conditions of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Finally, we found that the protective effect of FT4-RR on BTC was mediated partially by decreasing the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and reducing the waist circumference (WC). Conclusion: The findings suggest that higher FT4-RR may have a protective effect against BTC, which is partially mediated by decreased risk of MetS and a reduction in WC. This study highlights the potential role of FT4 in the pathogenesis of BTC and underscores that MetS and WC may play mediation effects as two mediators in this process.
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Neoplasias del Sistema Biliar , Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Tiroxina , Humanos , Neoplasias del Sistema Biliar/genética , Neoplasias del Sistema Biliar/sangre , Neoplasias del Sistema Biliar/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Sistema Biliar/prevención & control , Tiroxina/sangre , Análisis de Mediación , Factores de Riesgo , Hipotiroidismo/genética , Hipotiroidismo/sangre , Femenino , Masculino , Hipertiroidismo/genética , Hipertiroidismo/sangre , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/sangre , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/prevención & control , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/etiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA)-vascularized iliac graft transposition is a method for treating femoral head osteonecrosis but with inconsistent efficacy. We aim to improve the method of this surgery by recommending the optimal location of the iliac pedicle to satisfy the vascular length for transposition and the blood supply of the vascularized iliac graft. METHODS: The DCIA and its surrounding tissues were assessed on computed tomography angiography images for 100 sides (left and right) of 50 patients. The length of the vascular pedicle required for transposition and the length of the pedicle at different iliac spine positions were compared. The diameter and cross-sectional area of the DCIA and the distance between the DCIA and iliac spine were measured at different points to assess blood supply. We also compared differences in sex and left-right position. RESULTS: The diameter and cross-sectional area of the DCIA gradually decreased after crossing the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), and it approached the iliac bone. However, when the DCIA was 4 cm behind the ASIS (54 sides, 54%), it coursed posteriorly and superiorly away from the iliac spine. The vascular length of the pedicle was insufficient to transpose the vascularized iliac graft to the desired position when it was within 1 cm of the ASIS. The vascular length requirement was satisfied, and the blood supply was sufficient when the pedicle was positioned at 2 or 3 cm. CONCLUSION: To obtain a satisfactory pedicle length and sufficient blood supply, the DCIA pedicle of the vascularized iliac graft should be placed 2 to 3 cm behind the ASIS. The dissection of DCIA has slight differences in sex and left-right position due to anatomical differences.
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Trasplante Óseo , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada , Necrosis de la Cabeza Femoral , Arteria Ilíaca , Ilion , Humanos , Femenino , Arteria Ilíaca/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Ilíaca/anatomía & histología , Arteria Ilíaca/cirugía , Masculino , Ilion/trasplante , Ilion/irrigación sanguínea , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Necrosis de la Cabeza Femoral/cirugía , Necrosis de la Cabeza Femoral/diagnóstico por imagen , Trasplante Óseo/métodos , Anciano , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Persistent descending mesocolon (PDM) increases the difficulty and colonic ischemia in the surgery of colorectal cancer, but the preoperative diagnostic criteria have not yet been clearly demonstrated. This study explored the MR imaging features and diagnostic criteria of PDM to improve the preoperative diagnostic rate. METHODS: The clinical data of 54 patients with PDM and 270 patients without PDM who underwent rectal surgery at the Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, from March 2018 to December 2022 were analyzed, retrospectively. The radiological parameters of PDM from MRI were analyzed. RESULTS: On MRI T2WI axial image, the left edge of the abdominal aorta was defined as the reference line. The shortest vertical distance between the right edge of the descending colon and this line (dN) and the maximum transverse diameter of the peritoneal cavity (dA) at the same level and the maximum vertical distance between the right edge of the descending colon and this line (dW) were measured. There were significant statistical differences in dN, dW, dN/dW, and dN/dA between the PDM group and the non-PDM group. dN, dN/dW, and dN/dA have high diagnostic performance for the PDM. dN < 4.16 cm, dN/dW < 0.52, and dN/dA < 0.15 can all be used as clues to diagnose PDM. CONCLUSIONS: We propose a feasible set of diagnostic criteria for PDM based on abdominal MRI, which can quickly and accurately diagnose PDM, and provide some reference for preoperative planning and surgical decision-making.
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Laparoscopía , Mesocolon , Neoplasias del Recto , Humanos , Mesocolon/diagnóstico por imagen , Mesocolon/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Laparoscopía/métodos , Neoplasias del Recto/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Cavidad PeritonealRESUMEN
Schisandra chinensis (sc) is generally demonstrated to improve antioxidant and immune functions in mammal. The present study through physiological and transcriptome analysis revealed alterations in muscle metabolisms of triploid crucian carp (Carassius auratus) cultured at different concentrations of S. chinensis diets (sc0, sc0.125%, sc0.25%, sc0.5%, sc1%, sc2%) after 8 weeks. The serum antioxidant enzyme activities analysis showed that dietary S. chinensis could reduce oxidative stress and increase organismic antioxidant capacity. Meanwhile, the detected results of muscle components presented that the amino acids and two flavor nucleotides of GMP and IMP significantly elevated while muscle crude lipid significantly reduced in S. chinensis feeding groups. In addition, springiness, chewiness, and fiber density in S. chinensis feeding groups muscle were significantly upregulated while muscle fiber diameter and area showed an opposite trend. By comparative transcriptome analysis of the muscles, functional enrichments of differentially expressed genes showed that multiple terms were related to purine metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and peroxisome. Finally, some key hub genes such as egln, gst, ggct, su1b, pi3kr4, myh9, lpl, gcdh, mylk, and col4a were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Taken together, our findings facilitate the understanding of the molecular basis underlying the muscle quality effect of dietary S. chinensis in triploid crucian carp, which provides valuable insights into the nutritional strategies of the aquaculture industry.
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Carpas , Schisandra , Animales , Carpa Dorada/genética , Carpas/genética , Triploidía , Schisandra/genética , Antioxidantes , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Transcriptoma , Músculos , Mamíferos/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to measure and present a comprehensive overview of the association of antipsychotic drugs and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Method: All VTE cases treated with antipsychotic drugs as primary suspected medicines were extracted from the FAERS database from 2004 to 2021. Disproportionality analyses were conducted by estimating the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and the information component (IC). RESULTS: In the FAERS system, 4,455 VTE cases associated with antipsychotics were identified. The VTE signal was detected with olanzapine, haloperidol, paliperidone, and quetiapine. The RORs and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of olanzapine, haloperidol, paliperidone, and quetiapine were (ROR = 2.53 95% Cl 2.38-2.69 IC = 1.31 95% Cl 1.11-1.52), (ROR = 2.17 95% Cl 1.91-2.46 IC = 1.1 95% Cl 0.66-1.52), (ROR = 1.6 95% Cl 1.4-1.83 IC = 0.67 95% Cl 0.22-1.11), and (ROR = 1.37 95% Cl 1.28-1.47 IC = 0.45 95% Cl 0.23-0.67). Pulmonary embolism occurred in more than 50% of VTE events (2760 cases, 52.84%). CONCLUSION: The data mining of FAERS suggested an association between VTE and antipsychotic drugs, which reminds medical workers to pay attention to the serious adverse drug effects of antipsychotic drugs leading to venous thromboembolism.
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PURPOSE: Evidence suggests that neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusions in solid tumors are predictive biomarkers for targeted inhibition across a number of adult and pediatric tumor types. However, despite robust clinical response to tyrosine receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitors, the natural history and prognostic implications of NTRK fusions in solid tumors are poorly understood. It is important to evaluate their prognostic significance on survival to provide some context to the clinical effectiveness observed in clinical trials of TRK-targeted therapies. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted in Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed to identify studies comparing the overall survival (OS) of patients with NTRK fusion-positive (NTRK+) versus NTRK fusion-negative (NTRK-) tumors. Five retrospective matched case-control studies published before 11 August 2022 were assessed for inclusion, and three were selected for the meta-analysis (sample size: 69 NTRK+, 444 NTRK-). Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Studies tool. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) was estimated using a Bayesian random-effects model. RESULTS: In the meta-analysis, the median follow-up ranged from 2 to 14 years and the median OS was between 10.1 and 12.7 months (where reported). Comparing patients with tumors NTRK+ and NTRK-, the pooled HR estimate for OS was 1.51 (95% credible interval, 1.01 to 2.29). The patients analyzed had no previous or current exposure to TRK inhibitors. CONCLUSION: In patients not treated with TRK inhibitor therapies, those with NTRK+ solid tumors have a 50% increased risk of mortality within 10 years from diagnosis or the start of standard therapy compared with those with NTRK- status. Although this is the most robust estimate of the comparative survival rate to date, further studies are required to reduce uncertainty.
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Neoplasias , Adulto , Niño , Humanos , Pronóstico , Teorema de Bayes , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/genética , Fusión GénicaRESUMEN
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is one of the key precursors of coenzyme â (NAD+). NMN exists widely in a variety of organisms, and ß isomer is its active form. Studies have shown that ß-NMN plays a key role in a variety of physiological and metabolic processes. As a potential active substance in anti-aging and improving degenerative and metabolic diseases, the application value of ß-NMN has been deeply explored, and it is imminent to achieve large-scale production. Biosynthesis has become the preferred method to synthesize ß-NMN because of its high stereoselectivity, mild reaction conditions, and fewer by-products. This paper reviews the physiological activity, chemical synthesis as well as biosynthesis of ß-NMN, highlighting the metabolic pathways involved in biosynthesis. This review aims to explore the potential of improving the production strategy of ß-NMN by using synthetic biology and provide a theoretical basis for the research of metabolic pathways as well as efficient production of ß-NMN.
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NAD , Mononucleótido de Nicotinamida , Mononucleótido de Nicotinamida/metabolismo , NAD/metabolismoRESUMEN
âBackground: Immunotherapy for lung cancer has been a hot research area for years. This bibliometric analysis aims to present the research trends on lung cancer immunotherapy. Method: On 1 July, 2022, the authors identified 2,941 papers on lung cancer immunotherapy by the Web of Science and extracted their general information and the total number of citations. A bibliometric analysis was carried out to present the research landscape, demonstrate the research trends, and determine the most cited papers (top papers) as well as major journals on lung cancer immunotherapy. After that, recent research hotspots were analyzed based on the latest publications in major journals. Results: These 2,941 papers were cited a total of 122,467 times. "Nivolumab vs. docetaxel in advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer" published in 2015 by Borghaei H et al. was the most cited paper (5,854 citations). Among the journals, New England Journal of Medicine was most influential. Corresponding authors represented China took part in most articles (904) and papers with corresponding authors from the USA were most cited (139.46 citations per paper). Since 2015, anti-PD-(L)1 has become the hottest research area. Conclusions: This bibliometric analysis comprehensively and quantitatively presents the research trends and hotspots based on thousands of publications, and further suggests future research directions. Moreover, the results can benefit researchers to select journals and find potential collaborators. This study can help researchers get a comprehensive impression of the research landscape, historical development, and recent hotspots in lung cancer immunotherapy and provide inspiration for further research.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/terapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Bibliometría , Publicaciones , InmunoterapiaRESUMEN
Drying is essential for preserving fresh bee pollen. However, the effects of different drying techniques on lipid quality are unknown. This study aimed to compare the effects of four drying methods (freeze-drying (FD), infrared drying (IRD), hot-air drying (HAD), and pulsed vacuum drying (PVD)) on the drying kinetics, lipid oxidation, lipid profiles, and lipid metabolic pathways of bee pollen. IRD and HAD had the fastest drying rates but the highest degree of lipid oxidation. Lipidomics analysis of the bee pollen identified 1541 lipid metabolites from 20 subclasses. Glycerophospholipids were the most abundant, followed by glycerides, glycolipids, and sphingolipids. Drying not only reduced the lipid content, but also altered the structure of the triglyceride (TG) and fatty acid (FA), which might be caused by degradation and oxidation. Principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) showed that IRD and HAD had the greatest effects on lipid metabolites, whereas FD had the smallest influence. Lipid oxidation during drying was correlated with differential lipids and three main metabolic pathways, including glycerophospholipid, linoleic acid, and glycerolipid metabolic pathways, in which phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidic acid (PA), and lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC) were the key lipids. Our results provide comprehensive lipid profiles and potential mechanisms of lipid oxidation during bee pollen drying.
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Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Lipidómica , Abejas , Animales , Polen , Desecación , LecitinasRESUMEN
Background: Both genetic and environmental factors strongly affect serum uric acid (SUA) concentrations. The incidence of hyperuricemia tends to be younger in the Chinese population. In particular, we have found a high prevalence of hyperuricemia among Chinese flight attendants, aged from 20 to 40, in our survey. This study aims to evaluate whether there is an association between gene polymorphisms and hyperuricemia among Chinese flight attendants. Methods: A total of 532 flight attendants with high and normal serum uric acid levels were recruited. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) was performed using blood samples of enrolled subjects. Results: Previous studies have reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are tightly associated with uric acid levels. Among them, six SNPs that are strongly associated with SUA or gout in Asians, for instance ABCG2 (rs2231142, rs72552713 and rs2231137), GCKR (rs780094), SLC2A9 (rs1014290) and SLC17A1 (rs1183201), were selected for AS-PCR analyses. We found that SNPs such as ABCG2 rs2231142, GCKR rs780094 and SLC2A9 rs1014290 are strongly associated with hyperuricemia in male flight attendants, and SLC2A9 rs1014290 among female flight attendants. Conclusion: Our study provides evidences of an association between SNPs and hyperuricemia in the Chinese flight attendants, and highlights the significance of improving diagnostics and prevention of disease development in uric acid metabolism disorders and gout using these SNPs.
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Background: So far, no articles have discussed the hypolipidemic effect of wheat germ protein in in vivo experiments. Objective: In this study, we investigated the effects of wheat germ protein (WGP, 300 mg/kg/day) and wheat germ (WG, 300 mg/kg/day) on cholesterol metabolism, antioxidant activities, and serum and hepatic lipids in rats fed a high-fat diet through gavage. Methodology: We used 4-week-old male Wistar 20 rats in our animal experiment. Biochemical indicators of fecal, serum and liver were tested by kits or chemical methods. We also conducted the cholesterol micellar solubility experiment in vitro. Results: After 28 days of treatment, our results showed that WGP significantly reduced the serum levels of total cholesterol (p < 0.05) and nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05), improved the enzymatic activities of cholesterol 7-α hydroxylase (p < 0.01) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (p < 0.01) and increased bile acid excretion in feces (p < 0.05). Conclusion: WG did not significantly increase bile acid excretion in feces or decrease serum levels of total cholesterol. Moreover, WGP and WG both presented significant antioxidant activity in vivo (p < 0.05) and caused a significant reduction in cholesterol micellar solubility in vitro (p < 0.001). Therefore, WGP may effectively prevent hyperlipidemia and its complications as WGP treatment enhanced antioxidant activity, decreased the concentration of serum lipids and improved the activity of enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism.
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Antioxidantes , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Ácidos y Sales Biliares/metabolismo , Colesterol/metabolismo , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Heces , Hipolipemiantes/farmacología , Hígado , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Triticum/metabolismoRESUMEN
The role of 5-methylcytosine-related long noncoding RNAs (m5C-lncRNAs) in bladder cancer (BLCA) remains unclear. Here, we aim to study the prognostic value, gene expression characteristics, and correlation between the m5C-lncRNA risk model and the tumor microenvironment, immune infiltration, and tumor mutations in BLCA. After collecting BLCA patient RNA sequence transcriptome data, clinical information and mutation data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, 17 m5C-related lncRNAs independently correlated with OS were obtained by Lasso and multivariate Cox regression analysis, and a risk model was constructed. Univariate Cox, multivariate Cox regression analysis, and the C-index curve proved that the risk model was a significant independent prognostic indicator for patients with BLCA. ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT indicated that the higher the number of immune cells and stromal cells in TME, the higher the prognostic risk. We found that in the low-risk group, the expression levels of immune cells that predicted a good prognosis were higher, including plasma cells, regulatory T cells, and CD 8 T cells. There is a negative correlation between TMB and risk score. The TMB of the low-risk group is significantly higher than that of the high-risk group. In conclusion, the m5C-related risk model is crucial to predict the prognosis of patients with BLCA.
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ARN Largo no Codificante , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , 5-Metilcitosina , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismo , Microambiente Tumoral/genética , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patologíaRESUMEN
The impacts of ethanol pretreatment and blanching on moisture transfer, microstructure, and nanostructure of cell-wall polysaccharides of apple slices were studied. The physicochemical properties, namely, color, rehydration, and antioxidant capacity were also evaluated. The results corroborated that the use of ethanol and blanching reduced drying time 45-60% and 21-42% at various drying temperatures (50, 60, 70, and 80 °C), respectively, compared to controls. Ethanol loosened the cell wall structure, thereby reducing the internal resistance of moisture diffusion, and the changes in cell wall structure caused by blanching were mainly due to the ß-elimination degradation of pectins. Both samples of ethanol pretreatment and blanching possessed lower browning index and higher antioxidant capacity compared with the untreated ones. Overall, ethanol pretreated products exhibited the shortest drying time, less color change and higher antioxidant capacity. These results provide new insights on possible mechanisms about ethanol pretreatment and blanching to improve drying.
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Malus , Nanoestructuras , Desecación/métodos , Etanol , Malus/química , PectinasRESUMEN
Background: Immunotherapy for lung cancer has been a hot research area for years. This bibliometric analysis was intended to present research trends on melanoma immunotherapy. Method: On April 1, 2022, the authors identified 2,109 papers on melanoma immunotherapy using the Web of Science and extracted their general information and the total number of citations. The authors then conducted a bibliometric analysis to present the research landscape, clarify the research trends, and determine the most cited papers (top-papers) as well as major journals on melanoma immunotherapy. Subsequently, recent research hotspots were identified by analyzing the latest articles in major journals. Results: The total and median number of citations of these 2,109 papers on melanoma immunotherapy was 137,686 and 11, respectively. "Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma" by Hodi et al. was the most cited paper (9,824 citations). Among the journals, the top-paper number (16), average citations per paper (2,510.7), and top-papers rate (100%) of New England Journal of Medicine were the highest. Corresponding authors represented the USA took part in most articles (784). Since 2016, the hottest research area has changed from CTLA-4 to PD-1. Conclusions: This bibliometric analysis comprehensively and quantitatively presents the research trends and hotspots based on 2,109 relevant publications, and further suggests future research directions. The researchers can benefit in selecting journals and in finding potential collaborators. This study can help researchers gain a comprehensive impression of the research landscape, historical development, and current hotspots in melanoma immunotherapy and can provide inspiration for future research.
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Superhydrophobic coatings have tremendous potential for protecting porous structures from corrosion. However, the weak adhesion and poor abrasion resistance have long been challenges for their real-life applications. Inspired by tree roots, we prepared a robust superhydrophobic coating by spraying fluorinated nanodiamonds (FNDs) on a permeable epoxy coating. The epoxy can not only coat the surface but also permeate deeply inside a porous substrate and consolidate in situ as tree roots in soil. Thus, the structure is thoroughly reinforced where the pull-off strength reaches 9.4 MPa for concrete. On the other hand, the surface is covered with immobilized FNDs, forming a superhydrophobic surface. Thanks to the ultra-hard FNDs, the coating surface has high abrasion resistance and its superhydrophobicity holds even after 100 abrasion cycles. Moreover, it exhibits self-cleaning, anti-icing, and anticorrosion performance. It is promising in protecting various porous structures such as concrete, wood, and untreated corroded steel.
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Phytocannabinoids are bioactive terpenoids that are exclusive to Cannabis sativa L. The main pharmacologically active phytocannabinoids are Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, both target endogenous cannabinoid receptors. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol have extensive therapeutic potential due to their participation in many physiological and pathological processes in human body by activating the endocannabinoid system. At present, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and their analogues or combination preparations are used to treat epilepsy, vomiting in patients with cancer chemotherapy, spasticity in multiple sclerosis and relieve neuropathic pain and pain in patients with advanced cancer. With the further exploration of the application value of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol as well as the increasing demand for standardization of pharmaceutical preparations, it is imminent to achieve large-scale production of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol in the pharmaceutical industry. In this article, pharmacological research progress of phytocannabinoids in recent years, biosynthetic pathways of phytocannabinoids and the mechanism of key enzymes as well as various product development strategies of cannabinoids in pharmaceutical industry are reviewed. By exploring the potential of synthetic biology as an alternative strategy for the source of phytocannabinoids, it will provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of microbial engineering for cannabinoids synthesis, and promote the large-scale production of medicinal cannabinoids.
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Cannabidiol , Cannabinoides , Cannabis , Cannabinoides/biosíntesis , Humanos , Receptores de CannabinoidesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The contributions of various types of cell populations in dialysis-related peritoneal fibrosis are poorly understood. Single-cell RNA sequencing brings single-cell level resolution to the analysis of cellular transcriptomics, which provides a new way to further characterize the distinct roles and functional states of each cell population during peritoneal fibrosis. METHODS: Single-cell transcriptomics from normal peritoneal tissues of six patients, from effluent of patients with short-term peritoneal dialysis (less than 2 weeks, n = 6), and from long-term peritoneal dialysis patients (more than 6 years, n = 4) were analyzed. RESULTS: We identified a distinct cell component between samples among different groups. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed genes identified cell type specific biological processes relevant to different fibrosis stages. Well-known key molecular mechanisms participating in the pathophysiology of peritoneal fibrosis were vitrified, and some of them were found to be restricted to specific cell types. Gradually growing enrichment of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and impairment of oxidative phosphorylation in mesothelial cells and fibroblasts were found from healthy control, short-term dialysis, to long-term dialysis, respectively. The fibroblasts' population obtained from the patients, who received peritoneal dialysis, showed a functional characteristic of immune-chemotaxis and immune response, which was characterized by broadly significant increase in the expression of interleukins, chemokines, cytokines, and human leukocyte antigens. Furthermore, we described the intercellular crosstalk networks based on receptor-ligand interactions, and highlighted a central role of fibroblasts in regulating the key mechanisms of peritoneal fibrosis through crosstalk with other cells. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, despite describing information for fibrogenic molecular mechanisms in the resolution level of individual cell populations, this work identifies the significant functional evolution of fibroblasts during peritoneal fibrosis. This study also reveals the intercellular receptor-ligand interactions in which the fibroblasts serve as a major node, eventually providing new insights into the role of fibroblasts during disease pathogenesis.
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Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Fibrosis Peritoneal/genética , Fibrosis Peritoneal/metabolismo , Transcriptoma/genética , Humanos , Diálisis Peritoneal/efectos adversos , Fibrosis Peritoneal/etiologíaRESUMEN
The existing road surface marking with poor visibility at night results in traffic safety hazards in insufficient lighting roads. This study aims to prepare the dedicated aluminate-based persistent phosphors considering the integrated pavement environment, as the first step to achieve the durable luminescent road surface marking. SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ persistent phosphors coated with silica-polymer hybrid shell were prepared by chemical precipitation and sol-gel method to improve moisture resistance and organic compatibility. The optimum silane coupling agent type and dosage, the surfactant dosage, the optimum sodium silicate dosage, and the coating reaction time in silica shell and polymer shell coating were studied based on the moisture resistance test. The silica-polymer hybrid shell coating balances the organic compatibility and thermal stability as compared to the silica or polymer shell coating in the oil absorption test and thermogravimetric analysis. Ex-Em Spectra, XRD, and SEM method were used to characterize the persistent phosphors, indicating the preparation does not destroy the persistent phosphors. The outstanding durable properties of SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ persistent phosphors coated with silica-polymer hybrid shell as shown in this research is crucial for its potential application in waterborne luminescent coatings of road surface marking.