Facile, one-pot, formaldehyde-free synthesis of reactive NP flame retardant for a biomolecule of cotton.

The NP flame retardant ammonium salt of hydroxyethyl hexahydrotristriazine-triphosphoric acid (AHTTPA) was prepared by a one-pot synthesis method under formaldehyde-free and solvent-free conditions. The AHTTPA was finished on the biomolecule of cotton by using the dip-roll-bake method. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR 1H, 13C, and 31P) demonstrated that AHTTPA was successfully synthesized. The flame retardancy of AHTTPA-treated cotton was studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical flaming test (VFT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cone calorimetry (CC). The results from these tests indicate that AHTTPA-treated cotton exhibited favorable flame retardancy and durability (the LOI value of 40%-treated cotton after 50 laundering cycles (LCs) was 29.8%), the flame was immediately extinguished after removal from the treated cotton, no smoldering or continued burning, the burned part formed a complete carbon frame and generally maintained its original morphology, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of AHTTPA-treated cotton fabric were significantly lower than pure cotton. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that AHTTPA improved the thermal stability of cotton. The breaking strength and softness of AHTTPA-treated cotton was also retained.

Expression of WNT1 in ameloblastoma and its significance.

The present study aimed to measure the expression of WNT1 in ameloblastoma (AB). Immunohistochemistry was used to observe changes in WNT1 expression in 80 AB samples, 10 keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) samples and 10 normal oral mucosa (NOM) samples. Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to measure WNT1 protein and mRNA expression, respectively, in 30 AB samples, 5 KCOT samples, 5 NOM samples and 3 tooth germ samples. Ectopic cytoplasmic expression of WNT1 was detected in AB; 88.8% (71/80) of the samples were WNT1-positive. The western blotting results demonstrated that compared with NOM (0.57±0.05), WNT1 expression was significantly higher in AB tissue (1.74±0.36, P<0.05), whereas it was not significantly different between AB and KCOT samples (0.80±0.06, P>0.05). RT-qPCR revealed that the level of WNT1 gene expression in AB was increased 2.43-fold compared with normal mucosa, and 1.77-fold compared with tooth germ tissue. In conclusion, WNT1 protein and mRNA expression were increased in AB, and there was ectopic cytoplasmic expression. This indicates that WNT1 may serve an important role in AB occurrence and development.