Effect of gut hormones on bone metabolism and their possible mechanisms in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Bone is a highly dynamic organ that changes with the daily circadian rhythm. During the day, bone resorption is suppressed due to eating, while it increases at night. This circadian rhythm of the skeleton is regulated by gut hormones. Until now, gut hormones that have been found to affect skeletal homeostasis include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and peptide YY (PYY), which exerts its effects by binding to its cognate receptors (GLP-1R, GLP-2R, GIPR, and Y1R). Several studies have shown that GLP-1, GLP-2, and GIP all inhibit bone resorption, while GIP also promotes bone formation. Notably, PYY has a strong bone resorption-promoting effect. In addition, gut microbiota (GM) plays an important role in maintaining bone homeostasis. This review outlines the roles of GLP-1, GLP-2, GIP, and PYY in bone metabolism and discusses the roles of gut hormones and the GM in regulating bone homeostasis and their potential mechanisms.

Investigation on the relationship between Eysenck personality type and the survival rate of traumatic amputated finger replantation based on preventive psychology.

This paper tried to observe the relationship between the personality of patients with different personalities and the survival rate of replantation of traumatic amputated finger, and analyzed the influencing factors. EPQ psychological quality scores of patients with different gender, average monthly family income and age were significantly different (P < 0.05). In terms of the internal and external tendency score of EPQ, there were statistical requirements for differences in the mean monthly income of patients from different families (P < 0.05). For the concealment degree of EPQ, there were statistical requirements for differences in gender, family income, education level and patient scores (P < 0.05). In terms of mental state, the scores were higher than the standard, whether from the perspective of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, or from the perspective of interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, paranoia and other dimensions, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Patients with different personality types have different psychological problems after accidental amputation and replantation, which is directly related to the survival rate of postoperative finger amputation. Therefore, in order to effectively improve the survival rate of patients with finger amputation, the psychological condition of patients can be assessed, early detection and intervention of patients' psychological problems, and appropriate intervention measures can be taken according to the personality characteristics of patients.

Panax notoginseng stimulates alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, and mineralization in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.

Total Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) has been extensively used to treat a variety of diseases, such as bone fractures, soft tissue injuries, etc. In this study, mouse calvaria-original osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in various concentrations of PNS (0.005-5 mg/mL) during the period (1, 5, 14, and 23 d). At the endpoint, the osteogenic capacity of MC3T3-E1 cells was investigated by measuring the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the deposited calcium, and the expression of osteogenic-related markers, including bone collagen type 1 (Col1) and osteocalcin (OCN). Compared with all groups in each period, the most pronounced effect was observed at the concentration range between 0.05 and 0.5 mg/mL (P < 0.05) and the cell proliferation with PNS treatment was found during the whole osteogenic period. Moreover, cellular ALP activity with PNS was increased during 7, 14, and 21 d and cell mineralization with PNS was enhanced in 14 and 21 d. Furthermore, the differentiation markers Col1 and OCN increased in the PNS-treated cells. Our work suggests that PNS may stimulate the osteogenesis process which contains osteoblastic proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization by increasing cellular ALP activity, extracellular matrix mineralization, and osteoblast-associated molecules in the osteoblasts.