RESUMEN
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a positioning technology that is commonly used in indoor positioning systems (IPS) such as shopping malls or underground parking lots, because of its low power consumption and the low cost of Bluetooth devices. It also maintains high positioning accuracy. Since the cost of BLE itself is low, it has now been used in larger environments such as parking lots or shopping malls for a long time. However, it is necessary to configure a large number of devices in the environment to obtain accurate positioning results. The most accurate method of using signal strength for positioning is the signal pattern-matching method. The positioning result is compared through a database with the overheads of time and labor costs, since the amount of data will be proportional to the size of the environment for BLE-IPS. A planar model that conforms to the signal strength in the environment was generated, wherein the database comparison method is replaced by an equation solution, to improve various costs but diminish the positioning accuracy. In this paper, we propose to further replace the planar model with a cost-effective fitting model to both save costs and improve positioning accuracy. The experimental results demonstrate that this model can effectively reduce the average positioning error in distance by 31%.
RESUMEN
This paper presents a low-complexity and high-accuracy algorithm to reduce the computational load of the traditional data-fusion algorithm with heterogeneous observations for location tracking. For the location-estimation technique with the data fusion of radio-based ranging measurement and speed-based sensing measurement, the proposed tracking scheme, based on the Bayesian filtering concept, is handled by a state space model. The location tracking problem is divided into many mutual-interaction local constraints with the inherent message- passing features of factor graphs. During each iteration cycle, the messages with reliable information are passed efficiently between the prediction phase and the correction phase to simplify the data-fusion implementation for tracking the location of the mobile terminal. Numerical simulations show that the proposed forward and one-step backward refining tracking approach that combines radio ranging with speed sensing measurements for data fusion not only can achieve an accurate location close to that of the traditional Kalman filtering data-fusion algorithm, but also has much lower computational complexity.