First report of prevalence and assemblage analysis of Giardia duodenalis in pigs from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southern China.

Giardia duodenalis is a common intestinal protozoan that can cause diarrhea and intestinal disease in animals and in humans. However, the prevalence and assemblages of G. duodenalis in pigs from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region have not been reported. In this study, a total of 724 fecal samples (201 from nursery pigs, 183 from piglets, 175 from breeding pigs, and 165 from fattening pigs) were obtained in four areas of the region (Nanning, Yulin, Hezhou, and Guigang). The gene of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) of G. duodenalis was amplified by nested PCR. The results show that the prevalence of G. duodenalis in pigs was 3.59% (26/724), of which 14 samples belonged to assemblage A (53.85%) and 12 samples belonged to assemblage E (46.15%). The infection rates of G. duodenalis in Hezhou, Yulin, Nanning, and Guigang were 0%, 0.7%, 10.8% and 1.1%, respectively (χ2 = 45.616, p < 0.01); whereas 5.1% of breeding pigs, 6.0% of piglets, 2.4% of fattening pigs, and 1.0% of nursery pigs were infected with G. duodenalis (χ2 = 8.874, p < 0.05). The SSU rRNA-positive samples were amplified by PCR based on the ß-giardin (bg), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and triphosphate isomerase (tpi) genes. Ten, eight and seven positive samples were detected, respectively. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the three genetic loci sequences, a multilocus genotyping A1 was found. The findings of this study provide basic data for the development of prevention and control of G. duodenalis infections in pigs and humans in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

Title: Premier rapport sur la prévalence et l'analyse des assemblages de Giardia duodenalis chez les porcs de la région autonome Zhuang du Guangxi, dans le sud de la Chine. Abstract: Giardia duodenalis est un protozoaire intestinal commun qui peut provoquer des diarrhées et des maladies intestinales chez les animaux et les humains. Cependant, la prévalence et les assemblages de G. duodenalis chez les porcs de la région autonome Zhuang du Guangxi n'ont pas été rapportés. Dans cette étude, un total de 724 échantillons fécaux (201 provenant de jeunes porcelets, 183 de porcelets, 175 de porcs reproducteurs et 165 de porcs à l'engrais) ont été obtenus dans quatre zones de la région (Nanning, Yulin, Hezhou et Guigang). Le gène de la petite sous-unité de l'ARN ribosomal (ARNr SSU) de G. duodenalis a été amplifié par PCR nichée. Les résultats ont montré que la prévalence de G. duodenalis chez les porcs était de 3,59 % (26/724), dont 14 échantillons appartenaient à l'assemblages A (53,85 %) et 12 échantillons à l'assemblage E (46,15 %). Les taux d'infection par G. duodenalis à Hezhou, Yulin, Nanning et Guigang étaient respectivement de 0, 0,7 %, 10,8 % et 1,1 % (χ2 = 45,616, p < 0,01), alors que 5,1 % des porcs reproducteurs, 6,0 % des porcelets, 2,4 % de porcs à l'engrais et 1,0 % des jeunes porcelets étaient infectés par G. duodenalis (χ2 = 8,874, p < 0,05). Les échantillons positifs pour l'ARNr SSU ont été amplifiés par PCR basée sur les gènes de la ß-giardine (bg), de la glutamate déshydrogénase (gdh) et de la triphosphate isomérase (tpi), et dix, huit et sept échantillons positifs ont été détectés, respectivement. Sur la base de l'analyse phylogénétique des trois séquences de loci génétiques, un génotypage multilocus A1 a été trouvé. Les résultats de cette étude fournissent des données de base pour le développement de la prévention et du contrôle des infections à G. duodenalis chez les porcs et les humains dans la région autonome Zhuang du Guangxi.

First Molecular Detection and Genotype Identification of Toxoplasma gondii in Chickens from Farmers' Markets in Fujian Province, Southeastern China.

Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic pathogenic protozoan that can infect all nucleated cells in almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans. T. gondii infection has been reported in many food animals worldwide. However, the prevalence and genotypes of T. gondii in chickens from farmers' markets in Fujian province in southeastern China remain unreported. In the present study, four tissue samples from each of the 577 chickens (namely, the heart, liver, lungs, and muscles) were collected from farmers' markets in five regions of Fujian province (Zhangzhou, Sanming, Quanzhou, Fuzhou, and Longyan). We first analyzed the prevalence and genotypes of T. gondii using PCR targeting of the B1 gene of T. gondii. Of the 577 chickens, thirty-two (5.5%) tested positive for the B1 gene. Among the five regions, Sanming had the highest infection rate (16.8%, 16/95), followed by Quanzhou (8.0%, 8/100), Longyan (5.0%, 5/100), Zhangzhou (1.1%, 2/182), and Fuzhou (1.0%, 1/100). Among these thirty-two T. gondii-positive chickens, the infection rates of the lungs, heart, liver, and muscles were 68.8% (22/32), 34.4% (11/32), 28.1% (9/32), and 9.4% (3/32), respectively. Significant differences in prevalence were found among the different regions (χ2 = 35.164, p < 0.05) and tissues (χ2 = 25.874, p < 0.05). A total of 128 tissue and organ samples of the thirty-two T. gondii-positive chickens from the different regions were analyzed using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) on the basis of 10 genetic markers. Seven tissue samples (lung samples from five chickens, heart samples from one chicken, and liver samples from one chicken) underwent successful amplification at all the genetic markers, and all the T. gondii genotypes were identified as genotype I (ToxoDB #10). These findings serve as a foundation for evaluating the risk of T. gondii contamination in chicken products intended for human consumption and offer insight into preventing the transmission of the parasite from chickens to humans.