Multi-band magnetotransport in exfoliated thin films of Cu x Bi2Se3.

We report magnetotransport studies in thin (<100 nm) exfoliated films of Cu x Bi2Se3 and we detect an unusual electronic transition at low temperatures. Bulk crystals show weak superconductivity with [Formula: see text] K and a possible electronic phase transition around 200 K. Following exfoliation, superconductivity is supressed and a strongly temperature dependent multi-band conductivity is observed for T < 30 K. This transition between competing conducting channels may be enhanced due to the presence of electronic ordering, and could be affected by the presence of an effective internal stress due to Cu intercalation. By fitting to the weak antilocalisation conductivity correction at low magnetic fields we confirm that the low temperature regime maintains a quantum phase coherence length [Formula: see text] nm indicating the presence of topologically protected surface states.

Interpenetrating network ceramic-resin composite dental restorative materials.

OBJECTIVES: This paper investigates the structure and some properties of resin infiltrated ceramic network structure materials suitable for CAD/CAM dental restorative applications. METHODS: Initially the basis of interpenetrating network materials is defined along with placing them into a materials science perspective. This involves identifying potential advantages of such structures beyond that of the individual materials or simple mixing of the components. RESULTS: Observations from a number of recently published papers on this class of materials are summarized. These include the strength, fracture toughness, hardness and damage tolerance, namely to pointed and blunt (spherical) indentation as well as to burr adjustment. In addition a summary of recent results of crowns subjected to simulated clinical conditions using a chewing simulator are presented. These results are rationalized on the basis of existing theoretical considerations. SIGNIFICANCE: The currently available ceramic-resin IPN material for clinical application is softer, exhibits comparable strength and fracture toughness but with substantial R-curve behavior, has lower E modulus and is more damage tolerant than existing glass-ceramic materials. Chewing simulation observations with crowns of this material indicate that it appears to be more resistant to sliding/impact induced cracking although its overall contact induced breakage load is modest.

Dichotomy between the Hole and Electron Behavior in Multiband Superconductor FeSe Probed by Ultrahigh Magnetic Fields.

Magnetoresistivity ρ(xx) and Hall resistivity ρ(xy) in ultrahigh magnetic fields up to 88 T are measured down to 0.15 K to clarify the multiband electronic structure in high-quality single crystals of superconducting FeSe. At low temperatures and high fields we observe quantum oscillations in both resistivity and the Hall effect, confirming the multiband Fermi surface with small volumes. We propose a novel approach to identify from magnetotransport measurements the sign of the charge carriers corresponding to a particular cyclotron orbit in a compensated metal. The observed significant differences in the relative amplitudes of the quantum oscillations between the ρ(xx) and ρ(xy) components, together with the positive sign of the high-field ρ(xy), reveal that the largest pocket should correspond to the hole band. The low-field magnetotransport data in the normal state suggest that, in addition to one hole and one almost compensated electron band, the orthorhombic phase of FeSe exhibits an additional tiny electron pocket with a high mobility.

Linear magnetoresistance caused by mobility fluctuations in n-doped Cd(3)As(2).

Cd(3)As(2) is a candidate three-dimensional Dirac semimetal which has exceedingly high mobility and nonsaturating linear magnetoresistance that may be relevant for future practical applications. We report magnetotransport and tunnel diode oscillation measurements on Cd(3)As(2), in magnetic fields up to 65 T and temperatures between 1.5 and 300 K. We find that the nonsaturating linear magnetoresistance persists up to 65 T and it is likely caused by disorder effects, as it scales with the high mobility rather than directly linked to Fermi surface changes even when approaching the quantum limit. From the observed quantum oscillations, we determine the bulk three-dimensional Fermi surface having signatures of Dirac behavior with a nontrivial Berry phase shift, very light effective quasiparticle masses, and clear deviations from the band-structure predictions. In very high fields we also detect signatures of large Zeeman spin splitting (g∼16).

Quasiparticle mass enhancement close to the quantum critical point in BaFe2(As(1-x)P(x))2.

We report a combined study of the specific heat and de Haas-van Alphen effect in the iron-pnictide superconductor BaFe2(As(1-x)P(x))2. Our data when combined with results for the magnetic penetration depth give compelling evidence for the existence of a quantum critical point close to x=0.30 which affects the majority of the Fermi surface by enhancing the quasiparticle mass. The results show that the sharp peak in the inverse superfluid density seen in this system results from a strong increase in the quasiparticle mass at the quantum critical point.

de Haas-van Alphen study of the Fermi surfaces of superconducting LiFeP and LiFeAs.

We report a de Haas-van Alphen oscillation study of the 111 iron pnictide superconductors LiFeAs with T(c) ≈ 18 K and LiFeP with T(c) ≈ 5 K. We find that for both compounds the Fermi surface topology is in good agreement with density functional band-structure calculations and has almost nested electron and hole bands. The effective masses generally show significant enhancement, up to ~3 for LiFeP and ~5 for LiFeAs. However, one hole Fermi surface in LiFeP shows a very small enhancement, as compared with its other sheets. This difference probably results from k-dependent coupling to spin fluctuations and may be the origin of the different nodal and nodeless superconducting gap structures in LiFeP and LiFeAs, respectively.

Evolution of the Fermi surface of BaFe2(As1-xPx){2} on entering the superconducting dome.

Using the de Haas-van Alphen effect we have measured the evolution of the Fermi surface of BaFe2(As1-xPx){2} as a function of isoelectric substitution (As/P) for 0.41

Fermi surface of SrFe2P2 determined by the de Haas-van Alphen effect.

We report measurements of the Fermi surface (FS) of the ternary iron-phosphide SrFe2P2 using the de Haas-van Alphen effect. The calculated FS of this compound is very similar to SrFe2As2, the parent compound of the high temperature superconductors. Our data show that the Fermi surface is composed of two electron and two hole sheets in agreement with band-structure calculations. Several of the sheets show strong c-axis warping emphasizing the importance of three dimensionality in the nonmagnetic state of the ternary pnictides. We find that the electron and hole pockets have a different topology, implying that this material does not satisfy a (pi, pi) nesting condition.

Fermi surface of superconducting LaFePO determined from quantum oscillations.

We report extensive measurements of quantum oscillations in the normal state of the Fe-based superconductor LaFePO, (T(c) approximately 6 K) using low temperature torque magnetometry and transport in high static magnetic fields (45 T). We find that the Fermi surface is in broad agreement with the band-structure calculations with the quasiparticle mass enhanced by a factor approximately 2. The quasi-two-dimensional Fermi surface consists of nearly nested electron and hole pockets, suggesting proximity to a spin or charge density wave instability.

Persistence to high temperatures of interlayer coherence in an organic superconductor.

The interlayer magnetoresistance rho(zz) of the organic metal kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu(NCS)(2) is studied in fields of up to 45 T and at temperatures T from 0.5 to 30 K. The peak in rho(zz) seen in in-plane fields, a definitive signature of interlayer coherence, remains to Ts exceeding the Anderson criterion for incoherent transport by a factor approximately 30. Angle-dependent magnetoresistance oscillations are modeled using an approach based on field-induced quasiparticle paths on a 3D Fermi surface, to yield the T dependence of the scattering rate tau(-1). The results suggest that tau(-1) does not vary strongly over the Fermi surface, and that it has a T(2) dependence due to electron-electron scattering.

Spin freezing and magnetic inhomogeneities in bilayer manganites.

We have performed a muon spin rotation study on polycrystalline samples of electron-doped layered manganites, La2-2xSr1+2xMn2O7 (0.4< or =x<1), in order to investigate the local magnetic structure and spin dynamics. Our results provide evidence for phase separation into A-type antiferromagnetic and charge-ordered phases for x=0.52 and spin freezing at low temperatures (T<100 K) for 0.52< or =x<0.75. A new phase diagram which includes this spin-freezing region is proposed.

Chemically induced magnetism and magnetoresistance in La(0.8)Sr(1.2)Mn(0.6)Rh(0.4)O(4).

It is shown by magnetometry and microSR spectroscopy that short-range magnetic interactions between the Mn cations in the nonmetallic K(2)NiF(4)-like phase La(0.8)Sr(1.2)Mn(0.6)Rh(0.4)O(4) become significant below approximately 200 K. Negative magnetoresistance (rho/rho(0) approximately 0.5 in 14 T at 108 K) is apparent below this temperature. Neutron diffraction has shown that an applied magnetic field of 5 T is sufficient to induce saturated (3.38(7)mu(B) per Mn) long-range ferromagnetic ordering of the atomic moments at 2 K, and that the induced ordering persists up to a temperature of 50 K in 5 T. Spin glass behavior is observed below 20 K in the absence of an applied field. The induced magnetic ordering is attributed to the subtle changes in band structure brought about by the external field, and to the controlling influence of Rh(3+) over the relative strength of competing magnetic exchange interactions.

Control of magnetic ordering by Jahn--Teller distortions in Nd(2)GaMnO(6) and La(2)GaMnO(6).

The substitution of Ga(3+) into the Jahn--Teller distorted, antiferromagnetic perovskites LaMnO(3) and NdMnO(3) strongly affects both the crystal structures and resulting magnetic ordering. In both compounds the Ga(3+) and Mn(3+) cations are disordered over the six coordinate sites. La(2)GaMnO(6) is a ferromagnetic insulator (T(c) = 70 K); a moment per Mn cation of 2.08(5) mu(B) has been determined by neutron powder diffraction at 5 K. Bond length and displacement parameter data suggest Jahn--Teller distortions which are both coherent and incoherent with the Pnma space group symmetry of the perovskite structure (a = 5.51122(4) A, b = 7.80515(6) A, c = 5.52947(4) A) at room temperature. The coherent distortion is strongly suppressed in comparison with the parent LaMnO(3) phase, but the displacement ellipsoids suggest that incoherent distortions are significant and arise from local Jahn--Teller distortions. The preparation of the new phase Nd(2)GaMnO(6) has been found to depend on sample cooling rates, with detailed characterization necessary to ensure phase separation has been avoided. This compound also adopts the GdFeO(3)-type orthorhombically distorted perovskite structure (space group Pnma, a = 5.64876(1) A, b = 7.65212(2) A, c = 5.41943(1) A at room temperature). However, the B site substitution has a totally different effect on the Jahn--Teller distortion at the Mn(3+) centers. This phase exhibits a Q(2) mode Jahn--Teller distortion similar to that observed in LaMnO(3), although reduced in magnitude as a result of the introduction of Ga(3+) onto the B site. There is no evidence of a dynamic Jahn-Teller distortion. At 5 K a ferromagnetically ordered Nd(3+) moment of 1.06(6) mu(B) is aligned along the y-axis and a moment of 2.8(1) mu(B) per Mn(3+) is ordered in the xy plane making an angle of 29(2) degrees with the y-axis. The Mn(3+) moments couple ferromagnetically in the xz plane. However, along the y-axis the moments couple ferromagnetically while the x components are coupled antiferromagnetically. This results in a canted antiferromagnetic arrangement in which the dominant exchange is ferromagnetic. Nd(2)GaMnO(6) is paramagnetic above 40(5) K, with a paramagnetic moment and Weiss constant of 6.70(2) mu(B) and 45.9(4) K, respectively. An ordered moment of 6.08(3) mu(B) per Nd(2)GaMnO(6) formula unit was measured by magnetometry at 5 K in an applied magnetic field of 5 T.

Drug induced hepatitis.

During the last decade an increased incidence of the adverse reactions to drugs with liver involvement was found. The liver lesions produced by drugs constituted a constant concern. We followed the course of liver disease produced by tuberculostatics, cytostatics, antidepressive, antibiotics, narcotics, antirheumatics, by biochemical, immunological and morphological investigations (needle biopsy of the liver with optical and electronic microscopy). The pattern of the damage to the liver ranges from minimal functional changes to severe aspects with cytolysis and cholestasis. Hypersensitivity to drugs (cutaneous eruption, rash, fever, eosinophilia) were observed only in three cases. The cholestatic clinical form was the most frequently encountered, raising problems of differential diagnosis with acute viral hepatitis and obstructive jaundice. Clinical evolution of drug induced hepatic lesions is favourable as soon as the administration of drug is arrested. Chronic evolution, as reported in the literature when the administration of hepatotoxic drug is continued, was noted only in one patient who was using Chlorpromazine.