[Motivation for physical exercise: the benefits of active transport in the fight against sedentary lifestyles]. / Motivation à la pratique physique : intérêts des transports actifs pour lutter contre la sédentarité.

Our contemporary lifestyles offer little incentive to be physically active, and give us far fewer opportunities to be active than in the past, with many of our tasks being sedentary and most of our transport being motorized. While it's easy to acknowledge a lack of physical activity, putting it into practice is eminently more complex, and many researchers are trying to answer the thorny question: how can we enable people to be more physically active in their daily lives? With this in mind, the aim of this article is to show that active transport is an effective way of getting sedentary people to engage in regular physical activity.

[The benefits of physical activity in the workplace for maintaining employee health]. / Intérêts de l'activité physique au travail pour le maintien de la santé des salariés.

Some jobs, particularly in the service sector, involve little physical activity on the part of employees. To improve their health, several areas or periods could be used to increase the amount of daily physical activity. Active transport to and from work is one such initiative, but physical activity can also be envisaged outside and during working hours. The aim of this article is to provide insights and research perspectives to better measure the importance of physical activity in the workplace.

[High-level sports and anorexia nervosa]. / Pratiques sportives de haut niveau et anorexie mentale.

Due to intensive physical training, and the pressure exerted by coaches, parents and the athlete him/herself during pre-competitive and competitive periods, a large number of high-level sporting activities can trigger or participate in anorexia nervosa. That said, some of these activities are more likely than others to promote this eating disorder. It is worth highlighting the sports most at risk for the onset or development of anorexia nervosa, and then addressing the means of prevention and regulation adapted to these circumstances.

[Impact of adapted physical activities on the health and psychological factors involved in the learning of pupils and students]. / Impacts des APA sur les facteurs psychologiques impliqués dans les apprentissages des élèves et des étudiants.

The literature documenting the positive role of adapted physical activities (APA) in academic success is flourishing. It's widely accepted that practicing APA helps you succeed. However, the pathway linking the impact of physical activity on student health to academic success remains unclear, and there is still a great deal of ground to cover. With this in mind, the aim of this article is to review what is known about the health benefits of physical activity and the psychological factors involved in learning in the school and university context.

[Preventing and regulating psychoactive substance use among occasional and regular adolescents]. / Prévenir et réguler la consommation de substances psychoactives chez les adolescents.

The academic success and well-being of young people can be undermined by the use of psychoactive substances (PAS), which is particularly prevalent during adolescence, a period vulnerable to social influences. This article is aimed in particular at school and university preventive medicine nurses. It proposes intervention strategies for adolescents who regularly use such substances. Based on the scientific literature, the aim is to examine how psychological support, coupled with a program of adapted physical activity, could limit the use of APS, a factor in academic failure and health risks.

[Analysis of the psychological causes of early substance use among adolescents in school and university settings]. / Analyse des causes psychologiques des premières consommations de substances psychoactives chez les adolescents en contexte scolaire et universitaire.

Experimentation with psychoactive substances (PAS), such as alcohol, tobacco or cannabis, is common in adolescence, and continues to pose a public health issue that can lead to failure at school and university. Most of the work on these issues focuses on addiction-related aspects, and little on the underlying causes of addiction. This article sheds psycho-social theoretical light on the causes of first-time use of APS, and cannabis in particular. It is particularly aimed at school nurses and university preventive medicine nurses.

[Health care workers: the importance of adapted physical activities]. / Santé des personnels soignants : l'importance des activités physiques adaptées.

Adapted physical activities (APA) in the workplace improve workers' health. Paradoxically, APA remains marginal in the very places where improving health is the central objective of health care workers, namely clinics and hospitals. Promoting physical activity in the workplace is a twofold challenge. Not only does PA improve the health and well-being of caregivers, but it also allows them to be more effective in their daily work with patients.

[Interest of the adapted physical activities for the staff of the penitentiary administration]. / Intérêt des activités physiques adaptées pour les personnels de l'administration pénitentiaire.

The poor state of health of some prisoners, the tensions and violence that can exist in prisons lead the administration's staff to work in a sometimes difficult context. The regular practice of adapted physical activities appears to be a particularly opportune course of action for the agents concerned: it would bring them physical and psychological benefits in their professional exercise.

Translation and validation of the movement imagery questionnaire-3 second French version.

INTRODUCTION: Motor imagery (MI) can be defined as the mental simulation of an action without performing it. Its effectiveness can be substantially influenced by imagery ability, and it is currently accepted that three main modalities are used in MI (kinaesthetic imagery, and internal or external visual imageries). In the context of rehabilitation, MI combined with physical therapy is further known to facilitate functional improvements, and promote cortical reorganization and long-term recovery. This study aimed to test the reproducibility and the validity of constructs (internal consistency and factorial structure) of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 Second French version (MIQ-3Sf). METHOD: The internal consistency as well as the validity of constructs and the test-retest inter-rate reproducibility of the MIQ-3Sf was examined, in 553 participants, for the kinaesthetic and visual items. RESULTS: The composite reliability scores (≥0.92) and the intraclass correlation coefficients (>0.88) for the kinaesthetic, internal visual and external visual imagery subscales revealed satisfactory internal consistency and reproducibility. Moreover, Pearson correlations revealed a strong relationship between the MIQ-3Sf and the MIQ-3f. CONCLUSIONS: /Implications. The MIQ-3Sf can be considered as a valid, reliable and useful questionnaire for examining MI ability in the context of rehabilitation.

Face Cooling During Swimming Training in Tropical Condition.

The aim of this study was to test the effect of face cooling with cold water (1.2 ± 0.7°C) vs. face cooling with neutral water (28.0 ± 3.0°C) during high-intensity swimming training on both the core temperature (Tco) and thermal perceptions in internationally ranked long-distance swimmers (5 men's and 3 women's) during 2 randomized swimming sessions. After a standardized warm-up of 1,200 m, the athletes performed a standardized training session that consisted of 2,000 m (5 × 400 m; start every 5'15") at a best velocity then 600 m of aerobic work. Heart rate (HR) was continuously monitored during 5 × 400 m, whereas Tco, thermal comfort (TC), and thermal sensation (TS) were measured before and after each 400 m. Before and after each 400 m, the swimmers were asked to flow 200 mL of cold water (1.2°C) or neutral (22°C) water packaged in standardized bottles on their face. The swimmers were asked don't drink during exercise. The velocity was significantly different between cold water and neutral water (p < 0.004 - 71.58 m.min-1 ± 2.32 and 70.52 m.min-1 ± 1.73, respectively). The Tco was increased by ±0.5°C at race pace, under both face cooling conditions with no significant difference. No significant changes were noted in mean HR (i.e., 115 ± 9 and 114 ± 15 bpm for NW and CW, respectively). TC was higher with Cold Cooling than Neutral Cooling and TS was lower with Cold cooling compared with Neutral cooling. The changes in perceptual parameters caused by face cooling with cold water reflect the psychological impact on the physical parameters. The mean velocity was less important with face cooling whereas the heat rate and Tco were the same in the both conditions. The mechanism leading to these results seems to involve brain integration of signals from physiological and psychological sources.

If Motivation Was a Key Factor in Aerobic Performance in Tropical Climate?

This mini review examines the impact of tropical climate (TC) on motivational factors during aerobic performance and proposes the tracks of an integrative theoretical model to better understand the direct and indirect motivational mechanisms that can operate on athletic performances. TC is detrimental for aerobic performance and, although it clearly induces physiological constraints, these do not seem to be the only factors that explain the performance decline. Indeed, TC performance researchers have developed a theory of anticipation, which suggests that the brain commands a reduction in effort to protect the body from probable harm and heatstroke risk. The objective of this mini review is thus to examine the possibility that motivation may be a key factor in TC performance. The main psychological impacts of TC on aerobic performance are reviewed and an integrative theoretical model is presented that may help to better understand the mechanisms of motivation.

Beneficial Influence of Mindfulness Training Promoted by Text Messages on Self-Reported Aerobic Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Inactivity is known to have harmful effects on the physical and mental health of older adults. This study used a randomized, parallel trial design to evaluate whether daily text prompts to practice mindfulness would have a positive impact on the time that adults aged 50 years or older spend in aerobic physical activity. The participants were recruited from a certified fitness center and divided into mindfulness and control groups. For 4 weeks, they were exposed to the experimental conditions, with or without the morning text message. In the morning message condition, the mindfulness groups received a text message with the instruction to practice audio-guided mindfulness for 10 min, and the control group received a placebo message. The participants practicing mindfulness reported significantly more weekly minutes of aerobic physical activity and higher intrinsic motivation than the control participants. Mindfulness training was effective at increasing aerobic physical activity duration and might complement physical activity programs.

Conventional and Alternative Strategies to Cope With the Subtropical Climate of Tokyo 2020: Impacts on Psychological Factors of Performance.

The thermal discomfort caused by a hot or hot-wet climate can have negative effects on human performance. The 2020 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games will take place in Tokyo's hot and humid summer period, possibly exposing athletes to severe environmental stressors. In addition to technical, tactical, physical and nutritional preparation, Olympians and Paralympians need an optimal psychological state to turn in their best performances, especially in terms of emotional control, concentration and motivation. Yet, the tropical climate can have many negative effects on these factors. Better understanding of the negative effects of this climate and the strategies to manage them might be crucial for competitors, coaches and their teams in Japan. At the psychological level, cooling interventions before, during and/or immediately after exercise were mainly studied on perceptual responses. However, the effects of these interventions on other psychological components such as cognitive abilities or psychological states and the use of psychological techniques have been little explored, especially in hot-wet climate. Thus, this article proposes to take stock of the knowledge on the conventional and alternative strategies that help athletes to psychologically cope with the subtropical climate of Tokyo.

Text Messages Promoting Mental Imagery Increase Self-Reported Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Study.

OBJECTIVE: This study tested whether text messages prompting adults 50 years of age and older to perform mental imagery would increase aerobic physical activity (APA) duration using a randomized parallel trial design. METHOD: Participants were assigned to an Imagery 1, Imagery 2, or placebo group. For 4 weeks, each group was exposed to two conditions (morning text message vs. no morning text message). In the morning message condition, the imagery groups received a text message with the instruction to mentally imagine performing an APA, and the placebo group received a placebo message. All participants received an evening text message of "Did you do your cardio today? If yes, what did you do?" for 3 days per week. RESULTS: Participants of the imagery groups reported significantly more weekly minutes of APA in the morning text message condition compared with the no morning message condition. CONCLUSION: Electronic messages were effective at increasing minutes of APA.