Predictors of compulsive cyberporn use: A machine learning analysis.

Introduction: Compulsive cyberporn use (CCU) has previously been reported among people who use cyberporn. However, most of the previous studies included convenience samples of students or samples of the general adult population. Research examining the factors that predict or are associated with CCU are still scarce.In this study, we aimed to (a) assess compulsive cyberporn consumption in a broad sample of people who had used cyberporn and (b) determine, among a diverse range of predictor variables, which are most important in CCU scores, as assessed with the eight-item Compulsive Internet Use Scale adapted for cyberporn. Materials and Methods: Overall, 1584 adult English speakers (age: 18-75 years, M = 33.18; sex: 63.1 % male, 35.2 % female, 1.7 % nonbinary) who used cyberporn during the last 6 months responded to an online questionnaire that assessed sociodemographic, sexual, psychological, and psychosocial variables. Their responses were subjected to correlation analysis, analysis of variance, and machine learning analysis. Results: Among the participants, 21.96% (in the higher quartile) presented CCU symptoms in accordance with their CCU scores. The five most important predictors of CCU scores were related to the users' strength of craving for pornography experiences, suppression of negative emotions porn use motive, frequency of cyberporn use over the past year, acceptance of rape myths, and anxious attachment style. Conclusions: From a large and diverse pool of variables, we determined the most important predictors of CCU scores. The findings contribute to a better understanding of problematic pornography use and could enrich compulsive cyberporn treatment and prevention.

Supporting the applicability and transferability of the "Sortir Ensemble & Se Respecter" program in France / Accompagner l'applicabilité et la transférabilité du programme « Sortir Ensemble & Se Respecter ¼ en Frances

INTRODUCTION: The prevention of intimate partner violence (IPV) among young people is a major challenge for public policies. Nevertheless, there are a few prevention programs that have proven effective in France. "Sortir Ensemble & Se Respecter" (SE&SR) is a Swiss adaptation of "Safe Dates," an American intervention program that has reduced violent behavior by young perpetrators and victims of IPV alike. The aim of this article is to analyze the applicability and "potential transferability" of SE&SR in France. METHODS: We described the SE&SR intervention by explaining the intervention theory, the key functions (i.e., the "ingredients" allowing the SE&SR program to work), and we commented on its applicability from a perspective of adapting and transferring it to the French context. We used the ASTAIRE tool and the FIC (key functions, implementation, context) approach. RESULTS: The intervention theory highlighted various factors, acting at the individual level (i.e., beliefs/representations, knowledge, life skills) and at the level of the living environment (i.e., facilities welcoming young people; families; public policies; networks of actors), that can prevent IPV among young people. Ten key functions have been identified, revealing the "skeleton" of the Swiss intervention. We drew on these results to comment on the intervention's applicability, with a view to transferability, specifying the contextual elements to consider before implementing SE&SR in France. CONCLUSION: This study aims to make the process of evaluating applicability, with a view to transferring an evidence-based program to the French context, more accessible.

Introduction: La prévention des violences dans les relations amoureuses (VRA) chez les jeunes est un enjeu fort des politiques publiques. Néanmoins, il existe peu de programmes de prévention ayant fait la preuve de leur efficacité en France. « Sortir Ensemble & Se Respecter ¼ (SE&SR) est une adaptation suisse de « Safe Dates ¼, un programme d'intervention américain qui a montré des résultats en matière de réduction des comportements violents tant du côté des jeunes victimes que des auteurs. L'objectif de cet article est d'analyser l'applicabilité et la « potentielle transférabilité ¼ de SE&SR en France. Méthodes: L'approche adoptée consistait à décrire l'intervention SE&SR en explicitant la théorie d'intervention, les fonctions clés (soit les « ingrédients ¼ permettant que le programme SE&SR fonctionne) et en proposant des commentaires d'applicabilité en vue d'une transférabilité adaptée au contexte français. L'outil ASTAIRE et la démarche FIC ont été utilisés. Résultats: La théorie d'intervention a mis en évidence différents facteurs, agissant au niveau individuel (i.e. connaissances, croyances/représentations, compétences psychosociales) et au niveau des milieux de vie (i.e. structures accueillant les jeunes, familles, politiques publiques/réseaux d'acteurs), qui peuvent prévenir les VRA chez les jeunes. Dix fonctions clés ont été identifiées, dégageant le « squelette ¼ de l'intervention suisse. À la suite de ces résultats, des commentaires d'applicabilité en vue d'une transférabilité ont permis de préciser les éléments de contexte à prendre en compte avant la mise en œuvre de SE&SR en France. Conclusion: Cette étude souhaite rendre accessibles les process d'applicabilité en vue d'une transférabilité d'un programme probant en contexte français.

The bifocal model: A two-level clinical model of psychiatric disorders integrating diagnostic and transdiagnostic approaches.

Nowadays, two distinct conceptualizations are available to classify, label and guide the treatment of psychiatric disorders: the diagnostic approach and the transdiagnostic approach. There are pros and cons to both approaches. We propose here to link these two conceptualizations by creating a two-level clinical model that takes advantages of both approaches, named the bifocal model (BFM). This two-tier clinical model consists of a double level of analysis: the first step is to identify transdiagnostic mechanisms involved in multiple disorders and then to recognize specific mechanisms identified in a given disorder or cluster of symptoms. Such a process would bring the diagnostic and transdiagnostic approaches together and offer a more flexible way to understand mental disorders and ultimately to improve medical outcomes.

The structure of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised: Global distress, Somatization, Hostility, and Phobic Anxiety scales are reliable and robust across community and clinical samples from four European countries.

While the reliability of SCL-90-R subscales is often questioned, five relatively recent European studies have examined the factor structure of SCL-90-R using a bifactor model and concluded that most of these subscales are reliable. However, examination of their results shows that three subscales, Somatization, Hostility, and Phobic Anxiety, consistently had significantly higher reliability than the other six across clinical and community samples recruited in three very different European countries, Greece, Hungary, and the Netherlands. The objective of this study was to examine whether this "top-3″ would be found in a sample from a fourth European country, France. To do this, we had 696 university students (387 women, 56 %) complete the SCL-90-R and we examined the reliability of the scales of this questionnaire by testing a bifactor model using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM). Our results confirmed that, in our sample, the three scales presented a higher reliability than the other six scales. It therefore seems that there exists, at least in the European cultural area, a stable structure of the SCL-90-R comprising a global distress factor and three reliable and robust specific factors: Somatization, Hostility, and Phobic Anxiety.

A reliable instrument for making use of an overly neglected source of information on personality: The French adaptation of the Big Five Inventory-2 (Bfi-2) informant-report form.

OBJECTIVES: The assessment of personality traits is most often based on self-report. However, a growing body of research has shown that informant-report is a valuable and too often overlooked source of unique information. The aim of this study was to validate the French version of the informant-report form of the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) which assesses 15 facet traits in addition to the five major trait domains. METHODS: We asked 699 psychology and sports science and technology students to describe a person they knew well using the BFI-2 and obtained 661 valid records with demographic information. The data were analyzed using a bi-factor exploratory structural equation model with five bifactors corresponding to the Big Five domains, and three group factors (facets) each. RESULTS: This model had an excellent overall fit. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the five domains were very satisfactory and the McDonald's omega coefficients were even better. The scales that measured the five major factors were therefore highly reliable, although Extraversion was somewhat less so. The scales measuring facets all had high reliability as measures of the whole formed by the major factor and the group factor. In addition, ten of them were reliable measures of their specific factor, and the remaining five appeared to be pure measures of the five domains. CONCLUSIONS: The informant-report form of the BFI-2 is a reliable instrument which is easy and quick to administer. These qualities should enable clinicians and researchers to exploit the much-neglected source of original information provided by informant-reports.

Parental Attachment, Self-Esteem, Social Problem-Solving, Intimate Partner Violence Victimization in Emerging Adulthood.

Emerging adults can experience conflicts with their dating partner, leading to intimate partner violence (IPV). In order to understand the vulnerability factors involved in IPV victimization, the current study explored a serial multiple mediation model to determine the links between parental attachment (to the father and mother), self-esteem, and social problem solving (SPS) on the three forms of IPV (psychological, physical and sexual). Based on an online survey, 756 emerging adults (84.8% women, mean age = 23.52) completed self-report questionnaires related to parental attachment, self-esteem, SPS (avoidance and impulsive/carelessness style), and IPV during the past year. The study design was cross-sectional and data were analyzed through partial least structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The findings did not support serial multiple mediation model, as the indirect effects of the two specific mediation models were not significant. However, the total indirect effects were significant, indicating a cascade effect chain of events between the variables; insecure parental attachment was related to lower self-esteem, which was associated with poor SPS skills (especially impulsive/carelessness style), which in turn was associated with both psychological and physical violence victimization. The implications of the findings for promoting the life skills of emerging adults, such as problem solving or self-esteem, to enable them to handle their relationship conflicts are discussed.

IPV in emerging adults shows specific dynamics, different from those of adults. Understanding the interactions of vulnerability factors of these IPV, particularly among victims, is important for developing prevention programs based on evidence. Using a new multiple mediation approach, this study explores the interactions between parental attachment, self-esteem, problem solving and IPV victimization. It highlights the need to act on life skills such as problem solving or self-esteem to prevent IPV victimization.

Dysfunctional Attitudes, Sociotropy-Autonomy, and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization in Emerging Adulthood.

Understanding the dynamics and vulnerability factors involved in intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization among emerging adults is important in order to better prevent it from happening. The current study aimed to investigate the relationships among dysfunctional attitudes, sociotropy-autonomy, and types of IPV victimization (i.e., psychological, physical, and sexual) and severity (i.e., minor or severe) in emerging adulthood. Through an online survey, 929 emerging adults (84.6% women, mean age = 23.61) completed self-report questionnaires related to variables explored. When checking for childhood abuse, dysfunctional attitudes, sociotropy, and autonomy were related to IPV victimization for at least one type of violence and one scale of severity. The regression models show that independence from others and importance given to others are related to greater severe and minor physical violence, respectively. Attraction to loneliness seemed related to lesser minor psychological violence, whilst valorization of freedom of movement and action were related to greater minor sexual violence. The capacity to oppose others seemed related to greater severe sexual violence. These different cognitive and social characteristics may be associated with poorer social skills, thus making emerging adults more vulnerable to IPV victimization. The preventive and clinical implications are discussed.

Self-Esteem, Social Problem Solving and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization in Emerging Adulthood.

Although there are many studies examining the psychosocial vulnerability factors of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization in emerging adulthood, little is known about the life skills that may be involved, such as social problem solving (SPS) and self-esteem. The aim of the current study is to explore the relationships between SPS, self-esteem, and types (i.e., psychological, physical and sexual) and severity of IPV victimization in emerging adulthood. Based on a French online survey, 929 emerging adults (84.6% of whom were women with a mean age of 23.6) completed self-report questionnaires related to SPS (problem orientations and problem-solving styles), self-esteem and IPV victimization. The results showed that positive SPS skills and higher self-esteem were associated with lower severity of IPV. Multivariate analyses showed that the most associated factors of severe forms of IPV were avoidant and impulsive/carelessness styles. Minor sexual violence was positively associated with lower self-esteem and rational problem-solving skills, while minor psychological victimization was related to avoidant style. Upon completion of this study, it can be said that conflicts which escalate into IPV may be associated with dysfunctional conflict resolution styles, highlighting the importance of interventions that promote the development of life skills in order to prevent IPV.

Smartphone apps for mental health and wellbeing: A usage survey and machine learning analysis of psychological and behavioral predictors.

Objective: Despite the availability of thousands of mental health applications, the extent to which they are used and the factors associated with their use remain largely unknown. The present study aims to (a) assess in a representative US-based population sample the use of smartphone apps for mental health and wellbeing (SAMHW), (b) determine the variables predicting the use of SAMHW, and (c) explore how a set of variables related to mental health, smartphone use, and smartphone "addiction" may be associated with the use of SAMHW. Methods: Data was collected via online questionnaire from 1989 adults. The data gathered included information on smartphone use behavior, mental health, and the use of SAMHW. Latent class analysis was used to categorize participants. Machine learning and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the most important predictors of SAMHW use and associations between predictors and outcome variables. Results: While two-thirds of participants had a statistically high probability for using SAMHW, nearly twice more had high probability for using them to improve wellbeing compared to using them to address mental health problems (43% vs. 18%). In both groups, these participants were more likely to be female and in the younger adult age bracket than male and in the adult or older adult age bracket. According to the machine learning model, the most important predictors for using the relevant smartphone apps were variables associated with smartphone problematic use, COVID-19 impact, and mental health problems. Conclusion: Findings from the present study confirm that the use of SAMHW is growing, particularly among younger adult and female individuals who are negatively impacted by problematic smartphone use, COVID-19, and mental health problems. These individuals tend to bypass traditional care via psychotherapy or psychopharmacology, relying instead on smartphones to address mental health conditions or improve wellbeing. Advising users of these apps to also seek professional help and promoting efforts to prove the efficacy and safety of SAMHW would seem necessary.

Contribution of a Cluster Approach to Identify the Profiles of Men Sentenced for Sexual Violence According to Their Risk of Reoffending.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to propose a typology of recidivism risk profiles based on the criminogenic needs of a population of men sentenced for sexual violence. Their socio-demographic, criminological, psychological, and psychiatric factors and vulnerabilities are compared. This classification will respond to the need for a better identification of the factors involved in the risk of recidivism of men sentenced for sexual violence, in order to develop more effective management. METHOD: Several psychological and psychiatric scales (personality traits, impulsivity, cognitive distortions, empathy, and psychiatric disorders) were completed by 86 men incarcerated for sexual violence. Their socio-demographic and criminological characteristics were also recorded, and the investigator rated three recidivism scales for all participants. Results: Cluster analysis led to identification of two significantly different needs groups. In contrast to the "Lower needs" profile (n = 54, 64%), the men with a "Higher needs" profile (n = 32, 36%) were significantly younger and less educated had more adult and extra-familial victims, scored higher on Neuroticism and lower on Conscientiousness and Empathy, and presented with more past and current psychiatric disorders. DISCUSSION: The overall findings of this study are consistent with the literature on the characteristics of men sentenced for sexual violence with high needs. The assessment and management of men who have committed sexual violence must consider: criminogenic factors, which should be prioritized; past or present psychiatric disorders, which may act as acute risk factors; and non-criminogenic needs, which should not be prioritized, but which may (when linked to criminogenic needs) impact the effectiveness of management.

Is it possible to use the HCR-20 V2 to assess the risk of violent recidivism of French offenders?

The Historical-Clinical-Risk Management Scale 20 (HCR-20) is a structured tool to assess the risk of violence and assist in its management. French professionals are reluctant to use it because only a few studies have shown its psychometric qualities with French samples. The objective of this study is to test the psychometric qualities of the HCR-20 with samples of violent detainees in France. The HCR-20 and Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (LS/CMI) were administered to 128 violent offenders with an average age of (44.16±12.30) years. We evaluated the reliability, internal consistency and validity of the HCR-20 and conducted an exploratory factor analysis. The results show that the HCR-20 has good psychometric qualities with a sample of French prisoners. Only the Risk domain presents weak results due to the data collection locations and the participants' age. Correlations were observed between certain factors. The exploratory factor analysis shows four factors explaining 44% of the variance. The continuation of this work will enable French professionals to use sound tools to assess the risk of recidivism.

Assessment of the Popularity and Perceived Effectiveness of Smartphone Tools That Track and Limit Smartphone Use: Survey Study and Machine Learning Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Problematic smartphone use, like problematic internet use, is a condition for which treatment is being sought on the web. In the absence of established treatments, smartphone-provided tools that monitor or control smartphone use have become increasingly popular, and their dissemination has largely occurred without oversight from the mental health field. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the popularity and perceived effectiveness of smartphone tools that track and limit smartphone use. We also aimed to explore how a set of variables related to mental health, smartphone use, and smartphone addiction may influence the use of these tools. METHODS: First, we conducted a web-based survey in a representative sample of 1989 US-based adults using the crowdsourcing platform Prolific. Second, we used machine learning and other statistical tools to identify latent user classes; the association between latent class membership and demographic variables; and any predictors of latent class membership from covariates such as daily average smartphone use, social problems from smartphone use, smartphone addiction, and other psychiatric conditions. RESULTS: Smartphone tools that monitor and control smartphone use were popular among participants, including parents targeting their children; for example, over two-thirds of the participants used sleep-related tools. Among those who tried a tool, the highest rate of perceived effectiveness was 33.1% (58/175). Participants who experienced problematic smartphone use were more likely to be younger and more likely to be female. Finally, 3 latent user classes were uncovered: nonusers, effective users, and ineffective users. Android operating system users were more likely to be nonusers, whereas younger adults and females were more likely to be effective users. The presence of psychiatric symptoms did not discourage smartphone tool use. CONCLUSIONS: If proven effective, tools that monitor and control smartphone use are likely to be broadly embraced. Our results portend well for the acceptability of mobile interventions in the treatment of smartphone-related psychopathologies and, potentially, non-smartphone-related psychopathologies. Better tools, targeted marketing, and inclusive design, as well as formal efficacy trials, are required to realize their potential.

Machine learning reveals the most important psychological and social variables predicting the differential diagnosis of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases.

There is an ongoing debate about the importance and the extent to which psychological and psychopathological factors, adverse childhood experiences, and socio-demographic characteristics are associated with the development of certain types of rheumatic disease. With the aim of contributing to knowledge on the subject, the present study uses machine learning modeling to determine the importance of 20 psychological and social variables in predicting two classes of rheumatic disease: inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) (rheumatoid arthritis = RA, spondyloarthritis = SA, and Sjögren's syndrome = SS) versus non-inflammatory RMD, namely fibromyalgia = FM). A total of 165 French women with FM, RA, SA, and SS completed an inventory of personality traits, a psychopathology diagnosis questionnaire, and a fatigue/pain questionnaire. They also answered questions about adverse childhood experiences and socio-demographic characteristics. Random forest and logistic regression machine learning algorithms were used for data analysis. The main findings suggest that mistreatment during childhood ((MDA = 10.22), the agreeableness personality trait (MDA = 3.39), and somatic disorder (MDA = 3.25) are the main psychological and social predictors of the type of rheumatic disease diagnosed. The first two predictors (OR = 18.92 and OR = 6.11) are also more strongly associated with FM than with RA-SA-SS. Overall, adverse childhood experiences seem relatively more important than personality traits, psychopathological or demographic variables. The results of this study suggest that traumatic childhood experiences may lead to psychopathological disorders in adulthood, which in turn might underlie, at least in part, the development of FM. Since there are no imaging or biological markers of FM, the present findings contribute to the scientific literature offering information to help patients with FM understand their pathology. They may also provide physicians with more diagnostic information.

Validation of the French Version of the Positivity Scale (P Scale).

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to assess the psychometric properties of the French version of the Positivity scale (P scale), a self-report measure of positivity, which is the tendency to view and address life and experience with a positive outlook. Positivity is seen as a latent factor underlying multiple cognitive concepts such as self-esteem, life satisfaction, and optimism. METHODS: We recruited 666 volunteers (540 women and 126 men). They completed the P scale online, as well as self-report measures of psychological well-being, self-esteem, satisfaction with life, general health, and personality dimensions. The study sample was randomly split into two sub-groups, one used for exploratory factor analysis and the other for confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS: We found conflictual results related to the uni-dimensionality of the French version of the P scale. We found good internal consistency and high concurrent validity. CONCLUSION: The French version of the P scale demonstrated good psychometric qualities and is a reliable tool that can now be used by French researchers and clinicians to assess positivity.

Left amygdala volume and brain tissue pulsatility are associated with neuroticism: an MRI and ultrasound study.

Brain changes associated with the personality trait of neuroticism have been partly elucidated. While subcortical brain volume changes, especially a larger amygdala, appear consistent in high neuroticism, functional changes, such as cerebral blood flow (CBF) differences, have shown conflicting results, possibly because of the limitations in methods of CBF measurement. In our study, we investigated changes in amygdala volume and CBF-related function associated with neuroticism in healthy and depressed subjects using both conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of brain volume and the innovative technique of ultrasound Tissue Pulsatility Imaging (TPI), which has a high level of detection in measuring brain tissue pulsatility (BTP). Middle-aged females with depression (n = 25) and without depression (n = 25) underwent clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound assessment (TPI). Neuroticism was positively associated with left amygdala volume and mean BTP in individuals without depression, in both simple and multiple regressions that included potential confounding factors such as age and body mass index. No association was found in the depressed group. We confirmed the role of the left amygdala in the brain physiology of neuroticism in nondepressed individuals. Moreover, we identified a novel mechanism associated with high neuroticism, namely BTP, that may reflect greater CBF and account for the increased risk of cerebrovascular disease in individuals with high neuroticism. Because neuroticism is considered a risk factor for depression, our paper provides potential objective biomarkers for the identification of subjects at risk for depression.

The Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0: Validation Among Non-Clinical and Clinical French-Speaking Samples and Comparison With the Full Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0.

OBJECTIVES: The modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) was designed to assess food addiction using a shorter version than the YFAS 2.0. We lack data about the psychometric properties of the mYFAS 2.0 in patients with obesity, as well as studies comparing the psychometric properties of the mYFAS 2.0 versus the full YFAS 2.0. This study aimed to validate the French-language mYFAS 2.0 in a non-clinical population (study 1, n = 250), to determine the yet unknown psychometric properties of this scale in patients with obesity (study 2, n = 345), and to compare the full YFAS 2.0 and the mYFAS 2.0 in terms of food addiction (FA) prevalence and symptoms detection in both populations. METHOD: Study 1 included 250 non-clinical individuals (non-underweight and non-obese persons screened negative for eating disorders). Study 2 included 345 bariatric surgery candidates recruited in three centers (Québec, Canada; Reims and Tours, France). The mYFAS 2.0 structure was investigated using confirmatory factorial analyses with tetrachoric correlations. Convergent validity was tested using the full YFAS 2.0, the Binge Eating Scale (both studies), the revised 18-item Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (study 1), the Beck Depression Inventory (study 2), and the body mass index (BMI; both studies). RESULTS: The mYFAS 2.0 was unidimensional, and had adequate (study 1: KR-20 = .78) and acceptable (study 2: KR-20 = .73) internal consistency. In study 1, the mYFAS 2.0 had good convergent validity with the YFAS 2.0, BMI, binge eating, cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating; in study 2, the mYFAS 2.0 had good convergent validity with the YFAS 2.0, binge eating, depression, but not BMI. Participants endorsed fewer symptoms with the mYFAS 2.0 than with the YFAS 2.0; FA prevalences were similar between questionnaires in the non-clinical, but not in the clinical sample. A FA 'diagnosis' and risk of binge eating disorder were associated but did not completely overlap. CONCLUSIONS: The mYFAS 2.0 has close psychometric properties to the YFAS 2.0 in non-clinical and clinical samples. However, the use of the mYFAS 2.0 in bariatric surgery candidates might lead to a significant underestimation of FA prevalence and number of FA symptoms.

Childhood Trauma Predicts Less Remission from PTSD among Patients with Co-Occurring Alcohol Use Disorder and PTSD.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly prevalent among patients hospitalized for an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Hospitalization can improve PTSD and AUD outcomes in some but not all patients, but we lack data on the baseline predictors of PTSD non-remission. This study aimed to determine the baseline risk factors for non-remitted PTSD in patients hospitalized for an AUD. Of 298 AUD inpatients recruited in a rehabilitation center (Le Courbat, France), we included 91 AUD inpatients with a co-occurring PTSD and a longitudinal assessment at baseline (T1) and before discharge (T2: 8 weeks later). Patients were assessed for PTSD diagnosis/severity (PCL-5=PTSD Checklist for DSM-5), different types of trauma including childhood trauma (LEC-5=Life Events Checklist for DSM-5/CTQ-SF=Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Short-Form), and AUD diagnosis/severity (clinical interview/AUDIT=Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). Rate of PTSD remission between T1 and T2 was 74.1%. Non-remitted PTSD at T2 was associated with a history of childhood trauma (physical, emotional or sexual abuse, physical negligence), but not with other types of trauma experienced, nor baseline PTSD or AUD severity. Among patients hospitalized for an AUD with co-occurring PTSD, PTSD remission was more strongly related to the existence of childhood trauma than to AUD or PTSD severity at admission. These patients should be systematically screened for childhood trauma in order to tailor evidence-based interventions.

Child pornography: Characteristics of its depiction and use.

Child pornography involves the realisation of deviant fantasies with very specific characteristics with regard to its content and use and therefore the legal action needed to deal with it. The internet has facilitated its dissemination and access and complicates the issue but we need to be able to identify and track people who use illegal pornography. This paper is based on a review of the literature and presents some criminological characteristics of child pornography on the internet.

Contribution of sexual desire and motives to the compulsive use of cybersex.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cybersex is increasingly associated with concerns about compulsive use. The aim of this study was to assess the roles of motives and sexual desire in the compulsive use of cybersex. METHODS: The sample consisted of 306 cybersex users (150 men and 156 women). The participants were assessed using the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) adapted for cybersex, the Cybersex Motives Questionnaire (enhancement, coping, and social motives), and the Sexual Desire Inventory-2 (dyadic and solitary sexual desire). RESULTS: For both genders, coping motive was associated with CIUS score. For women, an additional association with social motives was found whereas an association with sexual desire was found for men. CONCLUSION: The study showed gender differences in the contributors to sex-related CIUS scores.