[Neonatal collapse: diagnosis of myocarditis]. / Défaillance cardiaque aiguë néonatale : diagnostiquer une myocardite avec certitude.

Enteroviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses of the picornavirus family. In the neonatal period, enterovirus can cause severe meningo-encephalitis, sepsis syndrome, hepatitis, or myocarditis. Neonatal enterovirus myocarditis remains a rare but severe cause of neonatal cardiac failure whose prognosis remains poor. Herein, we report the case of neonatal enterovirus myocarditis in a 14-day-old infant transferred to our intensive care unit for cardiogenic shock. Diagnosis and follow-up were confirmed using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We provide a detailed clinical, biological, and cardiac imaging description with specific comments on MRI diagnosis of myocarditis.