Maximizing translational value in models of compulsive behavior: A commentary on Pickenhan et al. (2024).

In this issue of Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience, Pickenhan et al. (2024) discuss the need for translational studies to understand features underlying obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). They highlight the translational value of the observing-response task (ORT) for modeling functional and maladaptive checking behaviors, a common symptom of OCD.

Distinct populations of cortical pyramidal neurons mediate drug reward and aversion.

Processing within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is crucial for the patterning of appropriate behavior, and ACC dysfunction following chronic drug use is thought to play a major role in drug addiction. However, cortical pyramidal projection neurons can be subdivided into two major types (intratelencephalic (IT) and pyramidal tract (PT)), with distinct inputs and projection targets, molecular and receptor profiles, morphologies and electrophysiological properties. Yet, how each of these cell populations modulate behavior related to addiction is unknown. We demonstrate that PT neurons regulate the positive features of a drug experience whereas IT neurons regulate the negative features. These findings support a revised theory of cortical function in addiction, with distinct cells and circuits mediating reward and aversion.