Exposure of Undergraduate Nursing Students to Standing Environments: A Longitudinal Study on Plantar Force and Pressure Distribution.

BACKGROUND: Understanding the link between plantar force, pressure, and foot discomfort is important for nursing students' well-being, given the prevalence of foot and ankle musculoskeletal disorders among nurses. Assessing these factors can inform tailored self-care interventions, supporting holistic nursing education. PURPOSE: To assess the plantar force and pressure distribution of third-year nursing students at baseline and after 5 months of exposure to a clinical setting. METHODS: A prospective cohort study in a Portuguese nursing school measured changes in podiatric profile at 5 months, including peak pressure, maximum force, and contact area. RESULTS: Elevated mean peak pressure in the heel correlated positively with maximum force and contact area. Negative correlations were found between the contact area and edema. Peak pressure correlated positively with thigh pain, indicating pressure transfer to metatarsal heads. CONCLUSIONS: The findings underscore the importance of integrating ergonomic education into nursing curricula and raising awareness of self-care interventions.

Adaptation and Validation of the Self-Administered Foot Health Assessment Instrument for Portuguese Undergraduate Nursing Students.

Background and Purpose: To translate and adapt the Self-Administered Foot Health Assessment Instrument from English to European Portuguese and explore its reliability and validity among undergraduate nursing students in Portugal. Methods: The study was divided into two phases. First, the translation and cross-cultural adaptation followed Beaton's guidelines, with a pretesting of the final version with 30 students. The validation process used the content validity index with a minimum of 75% agreement between experts and Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency. The second step provided the results of the principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, which were performed to study the overall fit of the model and item correlations. The STROBE checklist was used. Results: The Portuguese version, Instrumento de Auto-Avaliação da Saúde do Pé (IAASP), showed an overall acceptable evidence regarding content validity and internal consistency. The factor analysis results suggested removing the "Foot pain" dimension from the original scale. Conclusions: IAASP is suggested to maintain the original 22-item structure, with four domains, "Skin health," "Nail health," "Foot structure," and "Foot pain," being an initial reliable version with interest to measure the current foot health of nursing students. Future studies should contribute to IAASP's continuous improvement.

Foot and Ankle Disorders in Nurses Exposed to Prolonged Standing Environments: A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Prolonged standing environments constitute an occupational risk factor for nurses, particularly for developing foot and ankle disorders. The definitions and potential relationship to hours spent walking or standing are poorly understood. This scoping review aimed to synthesize the main disorders found on nurses' ankles and feet, their prevalence, the influence of hours spent walking or standing, and gender differences. METHODS: This review followed a previously published protocol. Primary and secondary studies were retrieved from relevant databases from December 2020 to March 2021. Potential articles were collated to Mendeley, and two independent reviewers assessed the title and abstracts. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were included. Two researchers retrieved and reviewed the full text of these studies independently. A predetermined extraction tool was used to retrieve relevant data, summarized in a tabular and narrative format. FINDINGS: The most common disorder was pain, followed by numbness, burning feet, bunions, structural deformities, and calluses. Prevalence differed among studies, depending on settings and specific local policies. Discussion: Various foot and ankle disorders and related variables have been found, with clear gaps that may be addressed in the future. CONCLUSION/APPLICATIONS TO PRACTICE:: Few studies have focused on nurses' foot and ankle disorders. Mapping signs and symptoms may contribute to the future development of preventive interventions for nurses' workplaces.

Helmet-Noninvasive Ventilation for Hospitalized Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: Has Vaccination and the New Variants Changed Evidence?

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a technique for breathing support that significantly improves gas exchange and vital signs, reducing intubation and mortality rates. Helmets, unlike facemasks, allow for longer-term treatment and better ventilation, also being more cost-effective. As of today, we have found no reviews addressing this topic. This review aims to identify, map, and describe the characteristics of the use of noninvasive ventilation through helmet interface in critically ill COVID-19 adult patients hospitalized in acute care settings throughout the multiple moments that defined the COVID-19 pandemic. This scoping review will follow the methodology for scoping reviews proposed by JBI. A set of relevant electronic databases will be searched using terms such as COVID-19, helmet, and noninvasive ventilation. Two reviewers will independently perform the study selection regarding their eligibility. Data extraction will be accomplished using a researcher's developed tool considering the review questions. Findings will be presented in tables and a narrative description that aligns with the review's objective. This scoping review will consider any quantitative, qualitative, mixed-methods studies and systematic review designs for inclusion, focusing on the use of helmet on critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in acute care settings.

Baropodometric Assessment of the Podiatric Profile of Nursing Students in Clinical Settings: A Study Protocol.

Introduction: Nursing students are exposed to increased risks of developing foot and ankle disorders due to prolonged standing and walking positions during clinical settings. This can lead to high dropout rates from nursing degree, thus contributing to a future shortage in nursing professionals. This protocol aims to develop a study to understand the influence of prolonged standing and walking positions on nursing students' foot health, and specifically to study the relationship between the podiatric profile (regional force and pressure exerted on the foot) and related signs and symptoms. Methods and Analysis: A prospective observational cohort study will be conducted with 194 nursing students. Participants will be asked to walk through a baropodometric platform before and after a 5-month clinical training session. Assessment will focus on the change in podiatric profile, namely foot posture and foot function, at 5 months, and changes in foot health at 5 months. The study will start in January 2022 and it's expected to end by June 2022. Discussion: The study aims to perform an innovative assessment of nursing students' podiatric profile, which will allow for a comprehensive description of foot/ankle changes and their relationship with prolonged standing and walking contexts. Ethics and Dissemination: The study was approved by The Ethical Committee of the Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), of the Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), with the approval code nr. P799_07_2021. The study was also recorded in ClinicalTrials.gov on the number NCT05197166. Findings will be used to publish articles in peer-review scientific journals and oral communications and posters at scientific meetings.

Physical Rehabilitation Programs for Bedridden Patients with Prolonged Immobility: A Scoping Review.

Bedridden patients usually stay in bed for long periods, presenting several problems caused by immobility, leading to a long recovery process. Thus, identifying physical rehabilitation programs for bedridden patients with prolonged immobility requires urgent research. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to map existing physical rehabilitation programs for bedridden patients with prolonged immobility, the rehabilitation domains, the devices used, the parameters accessed, and the context in which these programs were performed. This scoping review, guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) methodology and conducted in different databases (including grey literature), identified 475 articles, of which 27 were included in this review. The observed contexts included research institutes, hospitals, rehabilitation units, nursing homes, long-term units, and palliative care units. Most of the programs were directed to the musculoskeletal domain, predominantly toward the lower limbs. The devices used included lower limb mobilization, electrical stimulation, inclined planes, and cycle ergometers. Most of the evaluated parameters were musculoskeletal, cardiorespiratory, or vital signs. The variability of the programs, domains, devices and parameters found in this scoping review revealed no uniformity, a consequence of the personalization and individualization of care, which makes the development of a standard intervention program challenging.

Screening Tools Designed to Assess and Evaluate Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Adult Patients: A Scoping Review.

Oropharyngeal Dysphagia (OD) significantly decreases a patient's quality of life and poses a high economic burden to institutions. In this sense, evaluation and assessment are important interventions for health professionals, although current tools and instruments are multiple and are dispersed in the literature. The aim of this review was to map existing screening tools to assess and evaluate OD in adult patients, identify their relevant clinical parameters and respective contexts of use and provide a systematic approach and summary to better inform practice. A scoping review was developed guided by the JBI methodology and using PRISMA-ScR to report results published between 2014 and 2021, in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Databases included Medline, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Complete, Scielo, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, OpenGrey and B-On. Mendeley was used to store and screen data. A total of 33 studies were included in the study, of which 19 tools were identified, some being intervention-based tools and others an algorithm for decision. The most common context used was in the general population and older adults. Regarding clinical parameters, the most common were food consistency, presence of the cough reflex, swallowing effort, voice changes and weight. As oropharyngeal dysphagia concerns important risks for the patient, a rigorous assessment must be performed. In this sense, the review identified specific disease-related tools and more general instruments, and it is an important contribution to more efficient dysphagia screening and prevention.

Foot Disorders in Nursing Standing Environments: A Scoping Review Protocol.

Musculoskeletal disorders can be significantly disabling, particularly those related to work, when the underlying mechanisms and clinical variables are not well known and understood. Nurses usually remain in standing positions or walk for long periods, thus increasing the risk for the development of musculoskeletal disorders, particularly on the foot, such as plantar fasciitis or edema. This type of disorders is a major cause of sickness, absence from work, and also dropout ratios among nursing students, which contributes to the shortage of nursing professionals. This review will address foot disorders that arise from prolonged standing in nursing professionals and describe the main clinical parameters characterizing them, with exclusions for other health professions or disorders with other identified causes. English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish published studies from 1970 to the current year will be considered. The review will follow the JBI methodology, mainly though the PCC mnemonic, and the reporting guidelines for Scoping Reviews. The search will include main databases and relevant scientific repositories. Two independent reviewers will analyze the titles, abstracts, and full texts. A tool developed by the research team will aid in the data collection.

Rehabilitation Programs for Bedridden Patients with Prolonged Immobility: A Scoping Review Protocol.

Bedridden patients usually stay in bed for long periods, presenting several motor problems caused by immobility, such as reductions in muscle mass, bone mineral density and physical impairment, resulting in a long recovery process. Thus, identifying physical rehabilitation programs for bedridden patients with prolonged immobility is a matter of urgent research for a solution that will help health professionals and stakeholders to develop more adjusted programs and identify possible gaps. To date, no previous scoping reviews addressing this purpose have been found. This scoping review will be guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology, will focus on physical rehabilitation programs for bedridden patients with prolonged immobility and aims to map the programs, the devices used, and the parameters assessed. A relevant set of electronic databases and grey literature will be searched. Data extraction will be conducted using a tool developed by the research team that will address the review objectives and questions. Data synthesis will be presented in tabular form and a narrative summary aligned with the review's objective. This scoping review will contribute to the improvement of clinical practice, identifying key challenges that might justify the need to develop new programs suitable in clinical and organizational contexts.

[Palliative rehabilitation interventions in palliative care: a scoping review]. / Interventi di riabilitazione palliativa in cure palliative: una scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Palliative rehabilitation is defined as the process of helping a person with a progressive, commonly advanced, and/or incurable disease reach their physical, psychological, and social potential consistent with physiological and environmental limitations and life preferences. However, the evidence on this subject is dispersed in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To examine and map interventions of palliative rehabilitation, implemented and evaluated in palliative care. METHODOLOGY: A scoping review, using the Joanna Briggs Institute's guideline, was conducted. Multiple databases were searched: CINAHL Complete; PubMed; Scopus; SciELO; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; PEDro, as well as grey literature for studies that focus on qualified healthcare professionals caring for patients 18 years of age or older, working in palliative care, that focus on the concepts of palliative rehabilitation interventions. RESULTS: Of the 314 studies retrieved, two were included in this review. Both were conducted with physiotherapists, and none mentioned nursing rehabilitation. One of the studies implemented and evaluated an intervention of exclusively physical domain and another of physical and emotional domain. The interventions still differ in the number of treatments which ranged from 4 to 7 sessions. Both studies were implemented in oncological and non-oncological patients. CONCLUSION: Further research is needed to explore the rehabilitation strategies used by healthcare professionals working in palliative care that help patients. Moreover, since nurses are often the healthcare professionals who are in closest proximity to, and who spend the most time with, the patient, which rehabilitation interventions do these professionals should be focus of intervention.

Usability Assessment of an Innovative Device in Infusion Therapy: A Mix-Method Approach Study.

Background: Flushing a venous access device is an important procedure to maintain their patency and prevent malfunctioning and complications. An innovative double-chamber syringe was developed, allowing for the assessment of catheter patency, drug delivery and final flush. This study aims to assess the usability of this new device, considering three development stages (concept, semi-functional prototype, functional prototype). Methods: An iterative methodology based on a mix-method design (qualitative and quantitative) enabled the assessment of the devices' usability by their primary end-users. A usability questionnaire was developed and applied, along with focus groups and individual interviews to nurses. Results: The usability questionnaire integrated 42 items focused on four dimensions (usefulness; ease of use; ease of learning; satisfaction and intention to use). The initial psychometric findings indicate a good internal consistency and the conceptual relevance of the items. The scores seem to be sensitive to the usability evaluation of the medical devices in different stages of product development (with lower values on functional prototype evaluation), and related to nurses' perceptions about functional and ergonomic characteristics. Conclusions: Quantitative and qualitative data provided a comprehensive overview of the double-chamber syringes' usability from the nurses' point of view, informing us of features that must be addressed.

Brief Report on Double-Chamber Syringes Patents and Implications for Infusion Therapy Safety and Efficiency.

This review aimed to map the existing patents of double-chamber syringes that can be used for intravenous drug administration and catheter flush. A search was conducted in the Google patents database for records published prior to 28 October 2020, using several search terms related to double-chamber syringes (DCS). Study eligibility and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. Of the initial 26,110 patents found, 24 were included in this review. The 24 DCS that were found display two or more independent chambers that allow for the administration of multiple solutions. While some of the DCS have designated one of the chambers as the flushing chamber, most patents only allow for the sequential use of the flushing chamber after intravenous drug administration. Most DCS were developed for drug reconstitution, usually with a freeze-dried drug in one chamber. Some patents were designed for safety purposes, with a parallel post-injection safety sheath chamber for enclosing a sharpened needle tip. None of the DCS found allow for a pre- and post-intravenous drug administration flush. Given the current standards of care in infusion therapy, future devices must allow for the sequential use of the flushing chamber to promote a pre-administration patency assessment and a post-administration device flush.

Palliative rehabilitation interventions in palliative care: a scoping review protocol.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this scoping review is to examine and map interventions of palliative rehabilitation that are implemented and evaluated in palliative care. INTRODUCTION: Palliative rehabilitation is defined as the process of helping individuals with a progressive, often advanced or incurable disease reach their physical, psychological, and social potential consistent with physiological and environmental limitations and life preferences. Rehabilitation may prolong functional independence and improve quality of life. Information on palliative rehabilitation interventions, their characteristics, contexts, and population is dispersed throughout the literature, hence the need for a scoping review. INCLUSION CRITERIA: This scoping review will consider all studies that focus on qualified health care professionals working in palliative care who are caring for patients 18 years of age or older, and studies that focus on the concepts of palliative rehabilitation interventions. This scoping review will consider all palliative rehabilitation interventions implemented and evaluated in the context of palliative care. METHODS: The search strategy aims to find published and unpublished studies. The databases to be searched will include CINAHL Complete, PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PEDro. The search for unpublished studies will include DART-Europe, OpenGrey, and RCAAP. Studies published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese carried out from 2009 onward will be considered for inclusion. Retrieved papers will be screened for inclusion by two reviewers. Data will be extracted and presented in tabular form and a narrative summary that aligns with the review's objective. Any disagreements that arise between the reviewers will be resolved through discussion or with a third reviewer.

Development of an innovative double-chamber syringe for intravenous therapeutics and flushing: Nurses' involvement through a human-centred approach.

BACKGROUND: In nursing practice, flushing the catheters pre and post-drug administration is considered an important clinical procedure to prevent complications, and requires the use of several syringes to comply with international standards of care. We envisioned an innovative double-chamber syringe that enables the filling and administration of both solutions. Following current international recommendations, the development of new medical devices should integrate Health Technology Assessment. The Human-centred design is usually used for that assessment purposes, as a method that actively include end-users in the devices development process. METHOD: Application of the Human-Centred Design through the involvement of nurses in the initial stages of the device development in order to accomplish the initial stages of Technology Readiness Level. A multi-method approach was used, including literature/guidelines review, focus groups with end-users and expert panels. RESULTS: The involvement of nurses enabled the definition of user requirements and contexts of use, as well as the evaluation of design solutions and prototypes in order to accomplish with usability and ergonomic features of the medical device. CONCLUSIONS: Significant contributions were made regarding the final design solution of this innovative double-chamber syringe.

Double-chamber syringe versus classic syringes for peripheral intravenous drug administration and catheter flushing: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The prevention of catheter-related complications is nowadays an important topic of research. Flushing catheters is considered an important clinical procedure in preventing malfunction and several complications such as phlebitis or infection. Considering the latest guidelines of the Infusion Nurses Society, the flushing should be carried out both pre- and post-drug administration, requiring different syringes (with associated overall increased times of preparation/administration of intravenous medication by nurses, and also increasing the need for manipulation of the venous catheter). METHODS/DESIGN: A multi-centre, two-arm randomised controlled trial with partially blinded outcome assessment of 146 adult patients. After eligibility analysis and informed consent, participants will receive usual intravenous administration drugs with flushing procedures, with a double-chamber syringe (arm A) or with classic syringes (arm B). The outcomes assessment will be performed on a daily basis by an unblinded ward team, with the same procedures in both groups. Some main outcomes, such as phlebitis and infiltration, will also be evaluated by nurses from a blinded research team and registered once a day. DISCUSSION: The study outlined in this protocol will provide valuable insight regarding the effectiveness and safety of this new medical device. The development of this medical device (dual-chamber syringe, for drug and flush solution) seems to be an important step to facilitate nurses' adoption of good clinical practices in intravenous procedures, reducing catheter manipulations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04046770. Registered 13 August 2019.

Study Protocol for Two-Steps Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial: Pre-Clinical Usability Tests for a New Double-Chamber Syringe.

A new double-chamber syringe (DUO Syringe) was developed for intravenous drug administration and catheter flushing. This study presents a protocol for pre-clinical usability tests to validate the golden prototype of this new device, performed in a high-fidelity simulation lab by nurses. A two-steps parallel randomized controlled trial with two arms was designed (with standard syringes currently used in clinical practice and with the DUO Syringe). After randomization, eligible and consented participants will be requested to perform, individually, intravenous drug administration and flushing, following the arm that has been allocated. The procedure will be video-recorded for posterior analyses. After the completion of the tasks, nurses will be asked to answer a demographic survey, as well as an interview about their qualitative assessment of the device. A final focus group with all participants will also be conducted. Primary outcomes will concern the DUO Syringe's effectiveness, efficiency, and safety, while secondary outcomes will focus on nurses' satisfaction and intention of use. The pre-clinical protocol was defined according to the legal requirements and ISO norms and was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing of the Nursing School of Coimbra.

An Innovative Concept for a Walker with a Self-Locking Mechanism Using a Single Mechanical Approach.

Background: The ageing process involves a natural degeneration of physiological function and can imply life constraints, namely during activities of daily life (ADL). Walking can be strongly affected by strength, gait, and balance changes, which affect quality of life. The quality of life of the older adult is associated with available solutions that contribute to an active and safe ageing process. Most of these solutions involve technical aids that should be adapted to older adults' conditions. Aim: To identify the advantages and disadvantages of two-wheeled walkers and of two different self-locking systems designed and developed by the authors. Methods: Two studies were performed based on the possible walker combinations used, using a walker with no wheels (classic fixed walker), a two-wheeled walker with self-locking mechanism made of gears and a spring (Approach 1), and a two-wheeled walker with a self-locking mechanism which uses a single spring (Approach 2). These combinations were tested in two quasi-experimental studies with pre-post test design. Results: No significant differences in duration, gait speed, and Expanded Timed Get Up and Go (ETGUG) were found between the walkers, but there was a marginally significant difference in Physiological Cost Index (PCIs), which means that the energetic cost with Approach 1 was greater than that with Approach 2. Users reported a feeling of insecurity and more weight, although no significant differences were observed and they were found to be equivalent in terms of safety. Study 2 found an improvement in duration and gait speed in the ETGUG between the different types of self-locking systems. Conclusions: The PCI is higher in the two-wheeled walker models and with the self-locking mechanism. Approach 2 did not show better conditions of use than the other two walkers, and participants did not highlight its braking system. Although safety is similar among the three walkers, further studies are needed, and the braking system of the two-wheeled walker needs to be improved (Approach 2).

Atividade sexual na lesão medular: construção e validação de cartilha educativa / Actividad sexual en la lesión medular: construcción y validación de libreta educativa / Sexual activity of people with spinal cord injury: development and validation of an educational booklet

Resumo Objetivo Descrever o processo de construção e validação de uma cartilha educativa sobre atividade sexual de pessoas com lesão medular. Métodos Estudo metodológico em quatro etapas: pesquisa documental em blogs, revisão integrativa, construção da cartilha educativa, validação de conteúdo com 11 juízes, validação de aparência técnica com 3 juízes e validação de aparência com 37 pessoas do público-alvo. Considerou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) mínimo de 0,80. Resultados A cartilha apresentou IVC global de 0,91 pelos juízes profissionais de saúde; 0,87 pelos juízes designers gráficos; e 0,94 na validação de aparência pelo público-alvo. Entretanto, os juízes e público-alvo propuseram sugestões de melhorias da cartilha, que foram acatadas e modificadas para versão final do material. Conclusão A cartilha apresentou conteúdo e aparência adequados para promoção da atividade sexual saudável e satisfatória da pessoa com lesão medular.

Resumen Objetivo Describir el proceso de construcción y validación de una libreta educativa sobre actividad sexual de personas con lesión medular. Métodos Estudio metodológico en cuatro etapas: investigación documental en blogs, revisión integrativa, construcción de la cartilla educativa, validación de contenido con 11 expertos, validación de apariencia técnica con 3 expertos y validación de apariencia con 37 personas del público objetivo. Se consideró un Índice de Validez de Contenido (IVC) mínimo de 0,80. Resultados La libreta obtuvo IVC global de 0,91 de los jueces profesionales de salud; 0,87 de los jueces diseñadores gráficos; y 0,94 en validación de apariencia del público objetivo. Expertos y público objetivo sugirieron mejoras en la libreta, acatadas y aplicadas para la versión final del material. Conclusión La libreta presentó contenido y apariencia adecuados para promoción de actividad sexual saludable y satisfactoria en portadores de lesión medular.

Abstract Objective To describe the process of development and validation of an educational booklet about the sexual activity of people with spinal cord injury. Methods Methodological study performed in four steps: documentary search in blogs, integrative review, development of the educational booklet, and face and content validation, namely content validation with 11 referees, technical face validation with three referees, and face validation with 37 people from the target audience. The minimum value established for the content validity index (CVI) was 0.80. Results The booklet presented a global CVI of 0.91 after evaluation by healthcare professionals, 0.87 after inspection by graphic designers, and 0.94 after examination by members of the target audience. Despite the significantly high indexes, referees and people from the target audience proposed suggestions to improve the booklet, which were accepted and incorporated into the final version of the material. Conclusion The booklet showed content and face adequate to promote healthy and satisfactory sexual activity of people with spinal cord injury.

Tradução e adaptação transcultural do Hospitalized Elderly Needs Awareness Scale (Henas) para a língua portuguesa (Brasil e Portugal) / Traducción y adaptación transcultural del Hospitalized Elderly Needs Awareness Scale (Henas) para la lengua portuguesa (Brasil y Portugal) / Translation and Transcultural Adaptation of the Hospitalized Elderly Needs Awareness Scale (Henas) for the Portuguese Language (Brazil and Portugal)

RESUMO Objetivos: traduzir e adaptar o Hospitalized Elderly Needs Awareness Scale (Henas) para o português do Brasil e o de Portugal. Metodologia: seguiram-se os procedimentos metodológicos de adaptação cultural e linguística: tradução inicial, síntese das traduções, retroversão, avaliação por comitê de peritos da equivalência semântica, idiomática, cultural e conceitual. A versão adaptada foi testada (pré-teste) com aplicação da escala a 249 enfermeiros portugueses e brasileiros em 2014. Resultados: não se encontraram palavras ou expressões consideradas divergentes, com exceção da palavra awareness no título do instrumento e da expressão medical acuity do item K. De acordo com o estágio IV do processo de tradução e adaptação cultural, o comitê de peritos propôs alterar a expressão 75 anos ou mais por 65 anos ou mais, na introdução do instrumento. Na versão portuguesa do Brasil, apenas se substituiu a palavra sanita por vaso sanitário. Com relação à versão adaptada, os participantes não colocaram questões nem referiram dificuldades no preenchimento do instrumento. Conclusões: o processo de tradução e adaptação cultural do Henas para a língua portuguesa seguiu as etapas recomendadas internacionalmente, e do qual se obteve equivalência semântica, idiomática, cultural e conceitual. São necessárias novas pesquisas para avaliar outras propriedades do instrumento e seu comportamento em amostras diferentes.

RESUMEN Objetivos: traducir y adaptar el Hospitalized Elderly Needs Awareness Scale (Henas) para el portugués de Brasil y de Portugal. Metodología: se siguieron los procedimientos metodológicos de adaptación cultural y lingüística: traducción inicial, síntesis de las traducciones, retroversión, evaluación por comité de expertos de la equivalencia semántica, idiomática, cultural y conceptual. La versión adaptada fue probada (pre-test) con aplicación de la escala a 249 enfermeros brasileños y portugueses en 2014. Resultados: no se encontraron palabras o expresiones consideradas divergentes, a excepción de la palabra awareness en el título del instrumento y de la expresión medical acuity del ítem K. De acuerdo con la fase IV del proceso de traducción y adaptación cultural, el comité de expertos planteó alterar la expresión 75 años o más por 65 años o más en la introducción del instrumento. En la versión portuguesa de Brasil, solo se reemplazó la palabra sanita por vaso sanitário. En cuanto a la versión adaptada, los participantes no presentaron dudas ni refirieron dificultades en completar el instrumento. Conclusiones: el proceso de traducción y adaptación cultural del Henas para la lengua portuguesa siguió las etapas recomendadas internacionalmente y del cual se obtuvo equivalencia semántica, idiomática, cultural y conceptual. Son necesarias nuevas investigaciones para evaluar otras propiedades del instrumento y su comportamiento en muestras distintas.

ABSTRACT Objectives: Translate and adapt the Hospitalized Elderly Needs Awareness Scale (Henas) into Portuguese for Brazil and Portugal. Methodology: The methodological procedures for cultural and linguistic adaptation were followed; namely, initial translation, synthesis of translations, retroversion, and an evaluation of semantic, linguistic, cultural and conceptual equivalence carried out by a committee of experts. The adapted version was tested (pre-test) by applying the scale to 249 Brazilian and Portuguese nurses during 2014. Results: No words or expressions considered divergent were found, with the exception of the word awareness in the title of the instrument and the expression medical acuity in Item K. In keeping with phase IV of the cultural translation and adaptation process, the expert committee proposed changing the expression 75 years or more to 65 years or more in the introduction to the instrument. In the Portuguese version for Brazil, the word sanita was replaced by the expression vaso sanitário. As for the adapted version, the participants did not express doubts or refer to difficulties in completing the instrument. Conclusions: The process of translation and cultural adaptation of Henas for the Portuguese language followed the stages recommended internationally and from which semantic, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual equivalence was obtained. Further research is needed to evaluate other properties of the instrument and its behavior with different samples.

Atitudes de enfermeiros em relação à pessoa idosa hospitalizada / Nurses' attitudes to hospitalized older adults / Actitudes de enfermeras en relación con ancianos hospitalizados

Objetivo: avaliar evidências científicas recentes sobre as atitudes dos enfermeiros em relação à pessoa idosa hospitalizada. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura orientada pela questão: As atitudes que os enfermeiros têm em relação à pessoa idosa hospitalizada refletem-se nas estratégias terapêuticas utilizadas na promoção dos autocuidados? Pesquisados artigos publicados entre 2000 e 2013 em bases dados on-line da EBSCO, totalizando 14 artigos selecionados. Utilizámos os descritores: pessoas idosas, atitudes, enfermagem, hospitalização, seguindo critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados: atitudes dos enfermeiros são inconsistentes. Atitudes negativas condicionam a promoção da autonomia, e associam-se ao nível de conhecimentos, à idade e ao gênero. Preferências para trabalhar com pessoas idosas e conhecimentos sobre o envelhecimento relacionam-se com atitudes positivas. Conclusão: há escassez de estudos com qualidade científica. Recomenda-se inovar pesquisas para avaliar intervenções específicas e tomar as estratégias adequadas. Sugerem-se novos programas de ensino de enfermagem e de modelos de cuidados sobre a pessoa idosa e envelhecimento. Palavras-chave: Atitudes; idoso; enfermagem; hospitalização.

Objective: to evaluate recent scientific evidence regarding nurses' attitudes to hospitalized older adults. Method: this integrative literature review was guided by the question: are nurses' attitudes to hospitalized older adults reflected in the therapeutic strategies used in promoting self-care? EBSCO online databases were searched for articles published between 2000 and 2013; a total of 14 articles were selected. The descriptors used were older patients, attitudes, nursing, hospitalization, following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: nurses' attitudes are inconsistent. Negative attitudes affect the promotion of autonomy and are associated with level of knowledge, age and gender. A preference for working with older people and knowledge about aging associated with positive attitudes. Conclusion: there is a lack of studies with scientific quality. It is recommended to innovate in research to evaluate specific interventions and apply appropriate strategies. New nursing training programs and models of care for the elderly and aging are suggested.

Objetivo: evaluar la evidencia científica reciente sobre las actitudes de las enfermeras en relación con los ancianos hospitalizados. Método: critica integradora de la literatura guiado por la pregunta: ¿Las actitudes que las enfermeras tienen acerca de los hospitalizados de edad avanzada se reflejan en las estrategias terapéuticas utilizadas en la promoción del autocuidado? artículos investigados publicados entre 2000 y 2013 en las bases de datos en línea EBSCO, por un total de 14 artículos seleccionados. Se utilizó el descriptores edad avanzada, las actitudes, la enfermería; hospitalización, siguiendo los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: las actitudes de las enfermeras son inconsistentes. Las actitudes negativas afectan a la promoción de la autonomía, y se asocian con el nivel de conocimientos, edad y género. Preferencias para trabajar con las personas mayores y los conocimientos sobre el envejecimiento están relacionados con actitudes positivas. Conclusión: hay pocos estudios con calidad científica. Se recomienda innovar investigación para evaluar las intervenciones específicas y adoptar estrategias apropiadas. Sugerir nuevos programas de formación de enfermería y modelos de atención para las personas mayores y el envejecimiento.