Properties of Cosmic Deuterons Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.

Precision measurements by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station of the deuteron (D) flux are presented. The measurements are based on 21×10^{6} D nuclei in the rigidity range from 1.9 to 21 GV collected from May 2011 to April 2021. We observe that over the entire rigidity range the D flux exhibits nearly identical time variations with the p, ^{3}He, and ^{4}He fluxes. Above 4.5 GV, the D/^{4}He flux ratio is time independent and its rigidity dependence is well described by a single power law ∝R^{Δ} with Δ_{D/^{4}He}=-0.108±0.005. This is in contrast with the ^{3}He/^{4}He flux ratio for which we find Δ_{^{3}He/^{4}He}=-0.289±0.003. Above ∼13 GV we find a nearly identical rigidity dependence of the D and p fluxes with a D/p flux ratio of 0.027±0.001. These unexpected observations indicate that cosmic deuterons have a sizable primarylike component. With a method independent of cosmic ray propagation, we obtain the primary component of the D flux equal to 9.4±0.5% of the ^{4}He flux and the secondary component of the D flux equal to 58±5% of the ^{3}He flux.

[Synthetic indicator of compliance with standards for Quality Units of health centers and multicenter prospective pilot study]. / Indicador sintético de cumplimiento de estándares para Unidades de Calidad de centros sanitarios y estudio de pilotaje prospectivo multicéntrico.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In Spain, Quality Units play a key and unique role in advising healthcare centers on the methodology of healthcare quality. The objectives of the study were to develop computer algorithms to obtain a synthetic indicator of standard compliance for Quality Units and to pilot its functioning in these units. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Excel program was used to establish evaluation algorithms, and quantitatively interrelate and weight various categories of standards, as a computer evaluation tool, to build a continuous improvement cycle system, and offer a global synthetic indicator of compliance. The tool was tested in a prospective multicenter pilot study, in which coordinators of Quality Units from different health centers and care settings participated, to evaluate the usefulness of the tool and compliance with the standards, in addition to analyzing the content validity of each standard. RESULTS: The formulas for the structured computer algorithms were developed, consecutively, in a «PLAN-DO-CHECK-ACT¼ improvement cycle for the 9 categories of standards, resulting in a single synthetic indicator of compliance. Twenty-one Quality Units participated in the piloting. The overall average compliance rate for the synthetic indicator was 55.63% with differences between centers (P=.002) and between categories (P<.0001), but not by autonomous communities (P=.86) or by areas (P=.97). Content validity was ensured through the variable of «understanding¼ of the standards (P<.001), and through their «justification¼ with documentary evidence (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The computer tool with the synthetic indicator have allowed for the evaluation of standard compliance in Quality Units of healthcare centers.

Milk quality of Italian Mediterranean buffalo as affected by temperature-humidity index during late spring and summer.

A total of 18 Italian Mediterranean buffalo cows were subjected to fortnightly milk sampling from May to July 2022. Air temperature and relative humidity were monitored throughout the trial. Temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated and ranged from 69 to 79, so that 3 classes were set to study the effect of different THI on milk quality: THI less than 72 (THI<72), THI ranging from 72 to 76 (THI72-76), and THI over 76 (THI>76). Individual milk samples from buffalo cows were analyzed for milk composition and coagulation traits, fatty acid and amino acid composition, and enzymatic and mineral profiles. The THI>76 class registered higher lactose content and poorer milk clot characteristics in comparison with THI<72. Exposure to a THI over 76 resulted in increased SFA and short-chain fatty acid contents in milk, as well as in the highest atherogenic and thrombogenic index values and the lowest essential amino acid content. Moreover, the lowest values of calcium, copper, and selenium contents were found in the milk of buffalo cows exposed to a THI over 72. Results confirm that Italian Mediterranean buffalo express a good level of thermo-tolerance, even though exposure to a daily THI over 76 has a deleterious effect on some nutritional and technological properties of milk.

2-step lignin-first catalytic fractionation with bifunctional Pd/ß-zeolite catalyst in a flow-through reactor.

This work demonstrates an additive and hydrogen-free 2-step lignin-first fractionation in flow-through. First, solvolytic delignification renders lignin liquors with its native chemical structure largely intact; and second, ß-zeolite catalytic depolymerization of these liquors leads to similar monomer yields as the corresponding 1-step fractionation process. Higher delignification temperatures lead to slightly lower ß-O-4 content in the solvated lignin, but does not affect significantly the monomer yield, so a higher temperature was overall preferred as it promotes faster delignification. Deposition of Pd on ß-zeolite resulted in a bifunctional hydrogenation/dehydration catalyst, tested during the catalytic depolymerization of solvated lignin with and without hydrogen addition. Pd/ß-zeolite displays synergistic effects (compared to the Pd/γ-Al2O3 and ß-zeolite tested individually and as a mixed bed), resulting in higher monomer yield. This is likely caused by increased acidity and the proximity between the metallic and acid active sites. Furthermore, different ß-zeolite with varying SAR and textural properties were studied to shed light onto the effect of acidity and porosity in the stabilization of lignin monomers. While some of the catalysts showed stable performance, characterization of the spent catalyst reveals Al leaching (causing acidity loss and changes in textural properties), and some degree of coking and Pd sintering.

[Development and validation of standards for quality units of health centers]. / Desarrollo y validación de estándares para unidades de calidad de centros sanitarios.

OBJECTIVE: In Spain, the Quality Units advise health centres, services and professionals on the methodology of continuous improvement of the quality of care. A system based on good practice standards could provide these units with a tool to improve their results and value their work. The objective was to develop, agree on and validate standards, to properly guide and orient the functions, results and continuous improvement of the Quality Units in health centers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A qualitative-quantitative, prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out, applying the Metaplan method, the e-Delphi technique and a simulation study. The participants were coordinators of these units, belonging to 14 Spanish Autonomous Communities and distributed in four experts' panels. They agreed on the standards to be used and evaluated the different types of validity. RESULTS: The 204 standards proposed by the scientific committee were reduced to 157 with Metaplan, to 110 with e-Delphi, and to 96 with the committee's final review (87.3% consensus, content validity). The construct validity showed a Cronbach's alpha >0.7 (P<.001); the validity of content was reaffirmed in the simulation workshop (80% "understood" each other, P<.001; and there was "documentary evidence" in 84%, P<.001); face validity was accepted (75% "related to quality dimensions", P<.001); and the validity of the criteria was verified with a sensitivity of 84.2%, a specificity of 98.3%, and a kappa index of 0.84. CONCLUSIONS: Valid standards have been developed for Quality Units in health centers.

Temporal Structures in Positron Spectra and Charge-Sign Effects in Galactic Cosmic Rays.

We present the precision measurements of 11 years of daily cosmic positron fluxes in the rigidity range from 1.00 to 41.9 GV based on 3.4×10^{6} positrons collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard the International Space Station. The positron fluxes show distinctly different time variations from the electron fluxes at short and long timescales. A hysteresis between the electron fluxes and the positron fluxes is observed with a significance greater than 5σ at rigidities below 8.5 GV. On the contrary, the positron fluxes and the proton fluxes show similar time variation. Remarkably, we found that positron fluxes are modulated more than proton fluxes with a significance greater than 5σ for rigidities below 7 GV. These continuous daily positron fluxes, together with AMS daily electron, proton, and helium fluxes over an 11-year solar cycle, provide unique input to the understanding of both the charge-sign and mass dependencies of cosmic rays in the heliosphere.

Incidence and risk factors for anxiety disorders in young adults: A population-based prospective cohort study.

Anxiety disorders are among the most common psychiatric disorders in the general population. Our objective was to describe the cumulative incidence and risk factors of anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in a follow-up of young adults over a five-year period. This is a prospective cohort conducted in two waves. The first took place from 2007 to 2009, in which 1,560 young adults aged between 18 and 24 years were evaluated using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Subjects were invited to participate in the second wave, which wave took place from 2012 to 2014, where 1,244 young adults were evaluated using the MINI-Plus. Our findings showed a cumulative incidence of 10.9% for any anxiety disorder, 6.5% for generalized anxiety disorder, 6.0% for agoraphobia, 2.0% for OCD, 1.6% for panic disorder, 1.1% for social anxiety and 0.7% for PTSD. Being female and having had a depressive episode were risk factors to develop any anxiety disorder. We observed a high cumulative incidence of anxiety disorders in a population-based sample of young adults. Our data highlights the importance of the early identification of these disorders as this could lead to early illness detection, early illness management and a reduced burden of disease.

Synovial mast cells from knee and hip osteoarthritis: histological study and clinical correlations.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of synovial mast cells (MCs) in hip and knee tissue from osteoarthritis (OA) patients and to correlate them with clinical and radiological data. METHODS: Synovial tissue was obtained during arthroplasty from 60 patients, 30 with knee OA and 30 with hip OA. Control synovial tissue was obtained from 30 patients without OA, 15 undergoing above-knee amputation and 15 receiving a hip replacement for fracture. Before surgery, the radiographic findings were graded according to the Kellgren-Lawrence system and clinical data including pain (VAS) and functional information (KOOS and HOOS) was collected. The tissue was stained with hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue for histochemistry and incubated with CD117 and CD31 antibodies for immunohistochemistry. MC and vessel number and synovitis score were determined in all samples. RESULTS: Mean MC number, synovitis score and vessel number were significantly higher in the OA samples (p < 0.05) than in control tissue. MC number correlated with the synovitis score and disease severity in both patient groups. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MCs in synovium from OA patients and their association with synovial inflammation and pain suggest a role for them in OA pathophysiology.

Shoulder periprosthetic fracture in elderly patient: a minimally invasive osteosynthesis and "off-label" treatment with teriparatide. A case report and literature review.

A case of shoulder periprosthetic fracture in elderly patient. The patient underwent a minimally invasive osteosynthesis and "off-label" treatment with teriparatide. An 80-year-old woman patient following an accidental fall reported a transverse displaced diaphyseal fracture of the right humerus, distal to the stem of the inverse prosthesis. The patient suffering from severe osteoporosis and chronic ischaemic heart disease. The patient underwent fracture osteosynthesis surgery using a Hoffmann III mono-axial external fixator. Teriparatide administered at a dosage of 20 micrograms/day, for four months. At six months from the beginning of th e hybrid treatment, a complete healing of the fracture was observed radiologically and clinically. It is possible to affirm that the use of teriparatide off-label has a positive and additive effect in promoting the healing of fractures.

Intestinal perforation after surgical treatment for incisional hernia: iatrogenic or idiopathic?

Intestinal perforation (IP) is a life-threatening gastroenterological condition requiring urgent surgical care, which may present itself as an uncommon complication following incisional hernia repair surgery, most often because of iatrogenic traumatism occurring during the procedure. However, we report a case where a spontaneous onset can be hypothesised. A 60-years-old patient underwent repair of an abdominal laparocele, through rectus abdominis muscle plasty, 5 years after development of an incisional hernia due to exploratory laparotomy for the treatment of acute appendicitis. Xipho-pubic scar was excised and umbilicus and supra-umbilical hernia sac dissected, a linear median incision was performed along the sub-umbilical linea alba, reaching preperitoneal plane to assess any intestinal loop adherence to the abdominal wall. After limited viscerolysis, abdominal wall defect was corrected by 'rectus abdominis muscle plasty' and umbilicus reconstruction by Santanelli technique. Postoperative course was uneventful until Day 29, with sudden onset of epigastric pain, fever and bulge. Sixty cubic centimeter pus was drained percutaneously and cavity was rinsed with a 50% H2O2 and H2O V-V solution until draining clear fluid. Symptoms recurred two days later, while during rinsing presented dyspnoea. X-Ray and CT scan diagnosed IP, and she underwent under emergency an exploratory laparotomy, leading to right hemicolectomy extended to last ileal loops and middle third of the transverse, right monolateral salpingo-ovariectomy and a temporary ileostomy by general surgeon. Twenty-three days later an ileostomy reversal surgery was performed and 8 days after she was discharged. At latest follow-up patient showed fair conditions, complaining abdominal pain and diarrhoea, attributable to the extensive intestinal resection. IP following incisional hernia repair, is reported as uncommon and early postoperative complication. In our case, the previous regular postoperative course with late onset lead us to hypothesise a possible idiopathic etiopathogenesis, because of a strangulation followed by gangrene and abscess formation, which might begin before the incisional hernia repair and unnoticed at the time surgery was performed.

DNAJC17 is localized in nuclear speckles and interacts with splicing machinery components.

DNAJC17 is a heat shock protein (HSP40) family member, identified in mouse as susceptibility gene for congenital hypothyroidism. DNAJC17 knockout mouse embryos die prior to implantation. In humans, germline homozygous mutations in DNAJC17 have been found in syndromic retinal dystrophy patients, while heterozygous mutations represent candidate pathogenic events for myeloproliferative disorders. Despite widespread expression and involvement in human diseases, DNAJC17 function is still poorly understood. Herein, we have investigated its function through high-throughput transcriptomic and proteomic approaches. DNAJC17-depleted cells transcriptome highlighted genes involved in general functional categories, mainly related to gene expression. Conversely, DNAJC17 interactome can be classified in very specific functional networks, with the most enriched one including proteins involved in splicing. Furthermore, several splicing-related interactors, were independently validated by co-immunoprecipitation and in vivo co-localization. Accordingly, co-localization of DNAJC17 with SC35, a marker of nuclear speckles, further supported its interaction with spliceosomal components. Lastly, DNAJC17 up-regulation enhanced splicing efficiency of minigene reporter in live cells, while its knockdown induced perturbations of splicing efficiency at whole genome level, as demonstrated by specific analysis of RNAseq data. In conclusion, our study strongly suggests a role of DNAJC17 in splicing-related processes and provides support to its recognized essential function in early development.

Self-referenced ultra-broadband transient terahertz spectroscopy using air-photonics.

Terahertz (THz) air-photonics employs nonlinear interactions of ultrashort laser pulses in air to generate and detect THz pulses. As air is virtually non-dispersive, the optical-THz phase matching condition is automatically met, thus permitting the generation and detection of ultra-broadband THz pulses covering the entire THz spectral range without any gaps. Air-photonics naturally offers unique opportunities for ultra-broadband transient THz spectroscopy, yet many critical challenges inherent to this technique must first be resolved. Here, we present explicit guidelines for ultra-broadband transient THz spectroscopy with air-photonics, including a novel method for self-referenced signal acquisition minimizing the phase error, and the numerically-accurate approach to the transient reflectance data analysis.

Fatty acid profile of milk and Cacioricotta cheese from Italian Simmental cows as affected by dietary flaxseed supplementation.

The study aimed to determine the effects of adding flaxseed to the diet on the fatty acid profile of the milk of Italian Simmental cows and on the Cacioricotta cheese thereby produced. The experiment involved 24 Italian Simmental cows divided into 2 groups of 12 animals according to the diet fed: a control diet (CO) with no flaxseed supplementation, and a diet supplemented with whole flaxseed (FS). Milk yield and composition was not significantly changed by diet, whereas saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were increased by flaxseed supplementation. Cows fed flaxseed showed higher percentages of long-chain fatty acids: in particular, linolenic acids, mainly represented by C18:3n-3, and n-3 series were higher in the FS group than in the CO group. The percentage of MUFA was higher by about 12% in FS than in CO, mainly due to the contribution of C18:1 cis-9. The percentage of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk was not significantly changed by flaxseed supplementation. Furthermore, atherogenic and thrombogenic indices were lower by about 30 and 16%, respectively, in the FS group compared with the CO group. The fatty acid profile of Cacioricotta cheese produced using Italian Simmental cow milk showed higher levels of MUFA, PUFA, and n-3, and improved atherogenic and thrombogenic indices in FS than in CO, confirming the ability to transfer beneficial molecules from milk into cheese. In particular, cheese-making technology contributed to the increased CLA content in Cacioricotta cheese.

Computational modelling of mobile bearing TKA anterior-posterior dislocation.

Anterior-posterior stability in an unconstrained mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and one with rotational constraints is compared in a computational model based on an ASTM test. Both TKA designs dislocate at loads greater than reported maximum in vivo forces. The posterior drawer forces (mean: 3027 N vs. 1817 N) needed to induce subluxation increase with a greater anterior jump distance (12 mm vs. 7 mm; refers to the vertical height of the anterior or posterior border of the tibial insert's articulating surface). The posterior jump distance for both tested TKA differed by 1.5 mm and had minimal effect on the magnitude of the anterior drawer forces at dislocation in mid-flexion (unconstrained vs. constrained: 445 N vs. 412 N). The unconstrained insert dislocated by means of spin-out whereas in the constrained TKA the femur dislocated from the bearing during posterior drawer and the bearing from the baseplate during anterior drawer. MCL function is an important consideration during ligament balancing since a ± 10% variation in MCL tension affects dislocation forces by ± 20%. The simulation platform provided the means to investigate TKA designs in terms of anterior-posterior stability as a function of knee flexion, collateral ligament function and mechanical morphology.

HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PSEUDOTUMOR AFTER SMALL HEAD DIAMETER METAL-ON-METAL TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY.

The pathologic aspects of periprosthetic tissues in failed second-generation metal-on-metal (MoM) resurfacing hip arthroplasties have been widely described in terms of necrosis and inflammation. To our knowledge little data are reported on the association of this lesion with the use of small head diameter (less than 32 mm). In this study we present a small series of pseudo-tumor in small head metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty focusing our attention on the histologic aspects of the harvested pathologic tissue. The histological examination of our cases showed a presence of lymphocytic infiltrate suggesting a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to metal of type IV (ALVAL) but different to each other in terms of the prevalence of the cellular component. If macrophages are predominant, the pathogenetic mechanism seems to be the reaction against metallic particle. On the other hand, if granulocytes are predominant, it is possible to consider a hypersensitivity reaction. Our observation suggests that the evidence of Pseudotumor in case of small-head metal-on-metal arthroplasty should be considered with the same properties of big-head and therefore these patients should be followed scrupulously.

Evaluation of low doses BPA-induced perturbation of glycemia by toxicogenomics points to a primary role of pancreatic islets and to the mechanism of toxicity.

Epidemiologic and experimental studies have associated changes of blood glucose homeostasis to Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure. We took a toxicogenomic approach to investigate the mechanisms of low-dose (1 × 10(-9 )M) BPA toxicity in ex vivo cultures of primary murine pancreatic islets and hepatocytes. Twenty-nine inhibited genes were identified in islets and none in exposed hepatocytes. Although their expression was slightly altered, their impaired cellular level, as a whole, resulted in specific phenotypic changes. Damage of mitochondrial function and metabolism, as predicted by bioinformatics analyses, was observed: BPA exposure led to a time-dependent decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, to an increase of ROS cellular levels and, finally, to an induction of apoptosis, attributable to the bigger Bax/Bcl-2 ratio owing to activation of NF-κB pathway. Our data suggest a multifactorial mechanism for BPA toxicity in pancreatic islets with emphasis to mitochondria dysfunction and NF-κB activation. Finally, we assessed in vitro the viability of BPA-treated islets in stressing condition, as exposure to high glucose, evidencing a reduced ability of the exposed islets to respond to further damages. The result was confirmed in vivo evaluating the reduction of glycemia in hyperglycemic mice transplanted with control and BPA-treated pancreatic islets. The reported findings identify the pancreatic islet as the main target of BPA toxicity in impairing the glycemia. They suggest that the BPA exposure can weaken the response of the pancreatic islets to damages. The last observation could represent a broader concept whose consideration should lead to the development of experimental plans better reproducing the multiple exposure conditions.

Macrophages promote epithelial repair through hepatocyte growth factor secretion.

Macrophages play a critical role in intestinal wound repair. However, the mechanisms of macrophage-assisted wound repair remain poorly understood. We aimed to characterize more clearly the repair activities of murine and human macrophages. Murine macrophages were differentiated from bone marrow cells and human macrophages from monocytes isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors (HD) or Crohn's disease (CD) patients or isolated from the intestinal mucosa of HD. In-vitro models were used to study the repair activities of macrophages. We found that murine and human macrophages were both able to promote epithelial repair in vitro. This function was mainly cell contact-independent and relied upon the production of soluble factors such as the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Indeed, HGF-silenced macrophages were less capable of promoting epithelial repair than control macrophages. Remarkably, macrophages from CD patients produced less HGF than their HD counterparts (HGF level: 84 ± 27 pg/mg of protein and 45 ± 34 pg/mg of protein, respectively, for HD and CD macrophages, P < 0·009) and were deficient in promoting epithelial repair (repairing activity: 90·1 ± 4·6 and 75·8 ± 8·3, respectively, for HD and CD macrophages, P < 0·0005). In conclusion, we provide evidence that macrophages act on wounded epithelial cells to promote epithelial repair through the secretion of HGF. The deficiency of CD macrophages to secrete HGF and to promote epithelial repair might contribute to the impaired intestinal mucosal healing in CD patients.

The use of a preformed spacer in two-stage revision of infected hip arthroplasties.

Two-stage revision with the use of an antibiotic-loaded cement spacer has spread widely as a successful treatment for THA infection. Between 1999 and 2008, 28 patients with infected THA were treated with two-stage implant revision using a preformed spacer. The spacer was left in situ for 5.5 months (range 1-13 months), and the patients were allowed to walk with partial weight bearing. At a mean follow-up of 53 months (range 18-106 months), recurrence of infection was observed in only one patient. Complications were observed in five patients: three spacer dislocations, one distal femoral fracture occurred during stem removal, and one femoral artery pseudo-aneurysm. The mean HHS increased from 43 points (range 13-77) to 82 points (range 35-96). Though small prospective studies are reported in literature, good eradication rate and good functional outcomes encourage for the use of an antibiotic-loaded cement spacer. The industrial production ensures procedure standardization, well-defined physical and chemical properties to the device and eliminates time necessary to intraoperatory manufacturing.