The bioaccessibility of iodine in the biofortified vegetables throughout cooking and simulated digestion.

Biofortification of crops with exogenous iodine is a novel strategy to control iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). The bioaccessibility of iodine (BI) in the biofortified vegetables in the course of soaking, cooking and digestion, were examined. Under hydroponics, the concentration of iodine in leafstalks of the celery and pakchoi increased with increasing exogenous iodine concentration, 54.8-63.9% of the iodine absorbed by pakchoi was stored in the soluble cellular substance. Being soaked in water within 8 h, the iodine loss rate of the biofortified celery was 3.5-10.4% only. More than 80% of the iodine in the biofortified celery was retained after cooking under high temperature. The highest BI of the biofortified vegetables after digestion in simulated gastric and intestinal juice amounted to 74.08 and 68.28%, respectively. Factors influencing BI included pH, digestion duration, and liquid-to-solid ratio. The high BI of the biofortified vegetables provided a sound reference for the promotion of iodine biofortification as a tool to eliminate the IDD.

[Determination of anilines in environmental water samples by simultaneous derivatization and ultrasound assisted emulsification microextraction combined with gas chromatography-flame ionization detectors].

This research demonstrated a new method, simultaneous derivatization and ultrasound assisted emulsification microextraction combined with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (SD-USAEME-GC-FID), for the determination of anilines in environmental water samples. In this study, several factors, such as the volume of butylchloroformate (as derivatization agent/ extraction solvent), ultrasonication time, solution pH, salt addition, and centrifuging time and speed, were optimized in order to obtain good method performance. As a result, under the optimal conditions, the method showed good linearity in the concentration range of 6-60 000 µg x L(-1) with correlation coefficients (R2) ranging from 0.999 7 to 0.999 9 for the five target anilines. The limit of detection ( LOD) , based on signal to noise ratio of 3 , ranged from 1.1-4.1 µg x L(-1). The relative standard deviations (RSD) varied from 2.4% to 5.7% (n = 6) and the enrichment factors (EF) ranged from 317 to 846. The proposed method was also successfully applied to analyze seven environmental water samples, with the relative recoveries (RR) ranging from 86.8% to 105.5%. In a conclusion, this method was convenient, highly sensitive, inexpensive and environment-friendly, and therefore, the present method can be used as a preferred method for the determination of anilines in environmental water samples.