RESUMEN
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sterilization on the nanostructural alteration of nickel titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary file systems in endodontics using the atomic force microscopy (AFM). Materials and Methods: The study was performed on four commercially available rotary Ni-Ti files: group I-Vortex Blue (Dentsply), group II-ProTaper Next (Dentsply), group III-Mtwo (VDW), and group IV-iRaCe (FKG). Each group was divided into four subgroups (n = 4), that is, subgroup A-control (new rotary file), subgroup B-subjected for five cycles of autoclave, subgroup C-immersed in 5.25% NaOCl for 5 minutes, and subgroup D-immersed in 17% EDTA solutions for 5 minutes. All the specimens were evaluated with AFM using roughness average (RA) and root-mean-square (RMS) values for surface roughness. Results: Among control groups, Vortex Blue showed the least RA and RMS values; the highest surface roughness was seen with Mtwo files. All the Ni-Ti rotary files showed a statistically significant (P <0.05) increase in surface hardness when subjected to autoclave and treatment with different irrigating solutions. In particular, 17% EDTA caused the highest surface deterioration in all the groups. Conclusion: AFM analysis revealed increased surface roughness values recorded for all the rotary files when treated with irrigating solutions and autoclave cycles.
RESUMEN
9.4 million People have swallowing problems in the US. In special needs populations, routine oral hygiene procedures such as tooth brushing can result in aspiration of microbial laden fluids leading to a significant systemic challenge. Aspiration may lead to pneumonia in susceptible populations. These circumstances indicate the need for innovative approaches to oral hygiene for special needs, convalescent, the elderly populations, and young children learning to brush who can ingest excess fluoride which causes mottled enamel. Methods include describing some of the design considerations of the new prototype fabrication and microbiological evaluation of this new device, as well a comparison study of the versions 2 and 3 of the oral care device. Results concluded that version 3.0 regarding patient ease of use was better in comparison to version 2, which was the major difference, and 90% in both groups said they would recommend the new toothbrush. In the microbiological evaluation no growth was seen on any plates containing samples from either the experimental or the control after 48 h of incubation.
RESUMEN
This systematic review aims to compare the success rate of Endosequence bioceramic root repair material (BCRRM), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and calcium hydroxide for apexification of necrotic immature permanent teeth. Indexed Journals such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Research Gate, Wiley Online Library, and other related journals were hand searched from inception till November 2020 and articles were selected for review based on PRISMA guidelines. Of the 410 studies that were identified, 150 articles were selected after title/abstract reading. After full-text reading and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 9 studies were finalized for systematic review. Clinical, radiographic success, and the time taken for apical barrier formation were reviewed. All the three materials had almost similar success rate in terms of clinical symptoms, but the time taken for apical barrier formation and also single visit treatment makes MTA and Endosequence BCRRM superior to calcium hydroxide. Studies comparing EndoSequence Root Repair Material and MTA are very limited and need further evaluation in the future.
RESUMEN
Calcium and phosphate are the major components of hydroxyapatite crystals that form the inorganic portion of the teeth. Apart from these, certain elements are present in little amounts in enamel and dentin of the human teeth. Although they are required in minute quantities, their absence may alter healthy development of enamel and dentin and may result in developmental tooth defects as well as dental caries. Furthermore, excessive intake of some trace elements may inversely affect tooth development and health. The exact of effects that trace elements have on teeth and oral health is still an unexplored territory. The present paper reviews the presence of trace elements in teeth and their role in tooth health and development.
RESUMEN
Recently coronavirus outbreak which started in Wuhan, China, has caused international concern that has affected more than 29 lakh people worldwide and with no vaccine or specific antiviral drugs present as well as oblivious testing of carriers who are generally asymptomatic, the use of general health intervention techniques are failing to comply. As compared to other epidemics like severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle-East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), coronavirus (also named as COVID-19) exhibit mild symptoms in the majority of cases. But in the case of a vulnerable population, it can prove to be life-threatening. Relying on proper barrier technique, use of chest computed tomography scans, managing co-morbid conditions of susceptible patients, identifying the pattern of disease spread as well as the use of polymerase chain reaction to assess the specificity of cases will eventually prove to be efficacious since most of the positive cases are asymptomatic at the beginning which poses a challenge to the primary health care physicians. The development of vaccines will also take some time so it is better to know about COVID-19 better and also follow quarantine restrictions properly till then. In this review, we try to put forward all the relevant studies which have been published by the end of March 2020 so as to summarize the natural history, diagnosis as well as treatment strategies for eradicating COVID-19, which will help in managing this pandemic.
RESUMEN
The success of nonsurgical endodontic management depends on the complete elimination of infection that compromises the tooth function. Thorough knowledge about the root canal anatomy is one of the principal factors in achieving a successful outcome. The morphology of root canals is not always typical. Maxillary molars, known for varied morphology, require advanced imaging modalities such as cone-beam computed tomography. This case report describes a series of four maxillary molars with different forms, numbers, and configurations of root canals and with unusual morphology, including a case of a third mesiobuccal canal, a case of a second mesiobuccal canal with two palatal canals (mesiopalatal and distopalatal), a case of three mesiobuccal canals, three distobuccal canals, and two palatal canals (mesiopalatal and distopalatal), and a case of taurodontism, where different access cavity modifications, diagnostic methods, and magnifications were considered.
RESUMEN
Dens Invaginatus is a developmental disturbance resulting from abnormal morpho differentiation. It is characterized by an invagination of the enamel and dentin, creating a lumen inside the affected tooth, which may extend as deep as the apical foramen. In the present scenario, calcified Oehler's type IIIb dens invaginatus in left maxillary lateral incisor in 23-year-old male patient was seen. As the two-dimensional imaging lacks accuracy in such complicated cases, cone beam computed tomography was used to assess the calcification three dimensionally. Endodontic treatment was performed in two visits, using thermoplastized gutta percha obturation technique.
RESUMEN
Clinicians proceed the canal exploration according to the literature so far reported. At times, there are apparent variations in the teeth. These discrepancies should be thoroughly surveyed and piled up to date. One such rare complexity of canal morphology was discussed in the present case. A 48-year-old female patient referred to the endodontic clinic for full-mouth rehabilitation. On intraoral hard-tissue examination, decay was noted in multiple teeth which were confirmed by an orthopantomogram and endodontic treatment plan was suggested. The patient was prepared for the access opening of right mandibular first premolar (tooth #44) before which endodontic treatment of first and second quadrants was completed. The cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images revealed that tooth # 44 had two separate roots and four distinct root canals (mesiobuccal, mesiolingual, distobuccal, and distolingual). Root canal treatment was completed in two visits. Postoperative CBCT was advised to confirm the obturation of all the canals.
RESUMEN
Knowledge and understanding the anatomical configuration of individual tooth play a significant role in success of endodontic treatment, in addition to through debridement and obturation of the canals. The canal anatomy of maxillary second premolar has been studied extensively, and the presence of a significant variety of multirooted canals is relatively rare in it. A 27-year-old female reported with a chief complaint of pain in her upper right posterior region for 10 days. On intraoral hard tissue examination, ill-defined access preparation was seen in maxillary right second premolar with exposed pulp. An intraoral periapical radiograph reveals radiolucency involving the pulp space and varied morphology in the same tooth. The occurrence of three roots with four canals in the maxillary second premolar is rare and not documented in the literature so far. This case report describes the nonsurgical endodontic management of such varied anatomical configuration using cone beam computed tomography as an evaluating diagnostic tool.